Ring‐Opening Functionalization/Cyclization Reactions of Cycloalkanols under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions

European Journal of Organic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(9)

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Abstract Cycloalkanols ring‐opening transformation is one of the most valuable and wide area research. Among numerous methods that have been developed, transition‐metal‐free approaches attracted great interest from both chemists pharmacologists. This largely due to advantages being environmentally benign, cost‐effective operationally simple. Here we provide a comprehensive outline on recent advances in synthesis distally substituted ketones cyclic compounds via cycloalkanols under conditions.

Language: Английский

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Titanium in photocatalytic organic transformations: current applications and future developments

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(33), P. 6650 - 6664

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Titanium, as an important transition metal, has garnered extensive attention in both industry and academia due to its excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, unique reactivity organic synthesis. In the field of photocatalysis, titanium-based compounds such titanium dioxide (TiO

Language: Английский

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Oral Cancer and HPV: Review Article

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 87 - 95

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Overview: Oral cancer poses a significant global health challenge, with approximately 300,000 new cases reported annually. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has emerged as major risk factor for the development of oropharyngeal cancer, constituting around 60% all oral cases. This review aims to present comprehensive overview current relationship between HPV and covering aspects such epidemiology, clinical features, detection, treatment, prevention strategies. Methods: A literature search was conducted using Web Science, PubMed, Scopus databases identify studies published in English from January 1983 that investigated association cancer. Relevant articles were selected based on their applicability topic methodological quality. Results: The yielded 115 met our inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed is common finding pooled prevalence rate 72.8%. HPV-positive associated younger age at diagnosis, male gender, lower stage presentation, better prognosis compared HPV-negative tumors. genotype most commonly detected HPV-16, followed by HPV-18. Conclusion: significantly contributes onset identifying it early can serve valuable indicator diagnosis prognosis. More investigation required grasp molecular mechanisms involved HPV-related formulate successful treatment approaches. Immunization against HPV, particularly young males, shows potential decreasing occurrence linked HPV.

Language: Английский

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Homo-Mannich Reaction of Cyclopropanols: A Versatile Tool for Natural Product Synthesis

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

ConspectusThe Mannich reaction, involving the nucleophilic addition of an enol(ate) intermediate to imine or iminium ion, is one most widely used synthetic methods for synthesis β-amino carbonyl compounds. Nevertheless, homo-Mannich which utilizes a homoenolate as partner and provides straightforward access valuable γ-amino compounds, remains underexplored. This can be largely attributed difficulties in generation manipulation species, despite various equivalents that have been developed. Among developed, cyclopropanol stands out due its intriguing reactivities endowed by highly strained cyclopropane. Upon activation metal, cyclopropyl alcohol prone undergo endocyclic C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond cleavage give β-keto radical intermediate, sets stage diverse range transformations. account outlines our recent progress development reaction applications natural product total synthesis. new methodology classified into two subtypes: 1) with imines ions 2) homo-Mannich-type heteroarenes. Through different ways generate ions, tandem sequential reactions C–H oxidation/homo-Mannich, Bischler–Napieralski/homo-Mannich, asymmetric allylation/homo-Mannich leading rapid assembly core scaffolds sarpagine, koumine, ibophyllidine, Aspidosperma, Melodinus, Kopsia alkaloids. Besides ring-opening indole pyrrole rings deliver schizozygane indolizidine Based on these advancements, we accomplished 29 alkaloids belonging 8 families. In this Account, present complete picture works concerning design, method development, It anticipated methodologies will find broad realm

Language: Английский

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Towards Diagnostic Intelligent Systems in Leukemia Detection and Classification: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

ABSTRACT Objective Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow and results high numbers abnormal white cells. Automated detection classification leukemia its subtypes using artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML) algorithms plays significant role early diagnosis treatment this fatal disease. This study aimed to review synthesize research findings on AI‐based approaches from peripheral smear images. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across four e‐databases (Web Science, PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore) January 2015 March 2023 by searching keywords “Leukemia,” “Machine Learning,” “Blood Smear Image,” as well their synonyms. All original journal articles conference papers used ML detecting classifying were included. The quality assessed Qiao Quality Assessment tool. Results From 1325 identified through search, 190 studies eligible for review. mean validation accuracy (ACC) methods applied reviewed 95.38%. Among different methods, modern techniques mostly considered detect classify (60.53% studies). Supervised dominant paradigm (79% Studies utilized common methodologies classification, including preprocessing, feature extraction, selection, classification. Deep (DL) techniques, especially convolutional neural networks, most widely mentioned methodologies. Most relied internal (87%). Moreover, K‐fold cross‐validation train/test split commonly employed strategies. Conclusion are with remarkable performance. Future should prioritize rigorous external evaluate generalizability.

Language: Английский

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Multi-epitope vaccine design against leishmaniasis using IFN-γ inducing epitopes from immunodominant gp46 and gp63 proteins

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 100355 - 100355

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

There is no currently approved human vaccine against leishmaniasis. Utilization of immunogenic antigens and their epitopes capable enhancing immune responses leishmaniasis a crucial step for rational in silico design. The objective this study was to generate evaluate potential candidate leishmaniasis, designed by immunodominant proteins from gp46 gp63 Leishmania major, which can stimulate helper T-lymphocytes (HTL) cytotoxic (CTL). For aim, the IFN-γ-inducing MHC-I MHC-II binders were predicted each examined protein (gp46 gp63) connected with appropriate linkers, along an adjuvant (Mycobacterium tuberculosis L7/L12) histidine tag. vaccine's stability, antigenicity, structure, interaction TLR-4 receptor evaluated silico. resulting chimeric composed 344 amino acids had molecular weight 35.64 kDa. Physico-chemical properties indicated that it thermotolerant, soluble, highly antigenic, non-allergenic. Predictions secondary tertiary structures made, further analyses confirmed construct could interact receptor. Virtual simulation demonstrated strong stimulation T-cell responses, particularly increase IFN-γ, following vaccination. In summary, data showed high antigenicity humans. It also found trigger significant levels clearance mechanisms other components cellular profile. Nevertheless, wet experiments are required properly assess efficacy multi-epitope

Language: Английский

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Occurrence of Neurological Diseases and Cancer

Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1 - 6

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Ring-Opening α,β-Difunctionalization of Cyclopropanols with Azides Enables 4-Keto-Functionalized 1,2,3-Triazole Synthesis

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(44), P. 9553 - 9557

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Selective C–C bond cleavage and transformation of organic small molecules to create products increased value are one the central goals in chemistry. In this study, we have developed a novel TEMPO-mediated ring-opening α,β-difunctionalization cyclopropyl alcohols with azides prepare structurally important 4-keto-1,2,3-triazoles under metal- additive-free conditions. This protocol not only provides straightforward efficient method for synthesis 4-keto-functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles pot but also accomplishes goal constructing α,β-double C–N bonds via ring opening first time. Additionally, application skeletons drugs natural Kv1.5 channel blocker 4u further demonstrate synthetic potential practicability strategy.

Language: Английский

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Serum 25(OH)D Levels and Mitral Valve Calcification in Patients with Severe Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis

Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 304 - 315

Published: April 30, 2024

Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) imposes a significant burden on patients and the health system, especially in developing countries. Recently, role of vitamin D deficiency increasing severity valve involvement calcification with RHD has been suggested. However, its severe stenosis mitral is unknown. The aim this study was to determine relationship between serum levels 25(OH)D scores (MS). Materials Methods: In cross-sectional conducted Shahid Madani Heart Center, Tabriz, Iran, 104 rheumatic MS were reviewed, absence other underlying diseases. Trans-esophageal Echocardiography performed for all patients, Wilkins score area calculated. Blood samples taken from 25(OH)D, total calcium, phosphorus, i-PTH measured. Results: Eighty eight cases female 16 male. Eighty-one had mild moderate 23 severely calcified. Furthermore, 54 deficient, while 35 insufficient levels, only 15 normal blood D. addition high iPTH present 83 (80%). phosphorous, score, not significantly correlated (p>0.05 above). Conclusions: Although no correlation found involvement, secondary hyperparathyroidism tend be common among MS, which may play progression disease.

Language: Английский

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The Effect of N-acetylcysteine on Alprazolam Withdrawal Symptoms in Wistar Male Albino Rats

Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. 316 - 328

Published: April 30, 2024

Introduction: Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine drug that mainly used to treat generalized anxiety disorder and sleep disorders. Doctors' insistence on prescribing alprazolam due its long half-life (16 hours) can lead severe withdrawal complications. The aim of this study was evaluate the effect N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant reducing symptoms in male albino rats. Material Methods: In experimental study, 50 Wistar rats were used. 10 received normal saline by gavage for 26 days (sham), rest 1 mg / kg daily 21 after dependence randomly divided into 4 groups divided. negative control group up period. treated also 100, 200, 400 NAC orally period, which anti-anxiety restless effects assessed behavioral test (Elevated plus-maze test). Results: variables OAE (p = 0.18), CAE 0.88), CAT 0.53) OAT percent 0.29) did not show significant difference between 5 treatment groups; But 0.07) OAE_percent 0.001) showed <0.05). Conclusion: Due properties ability counteract oxidative stress nervous system, it be syndrome people with history dependence. present dose had best therapeutic future studies, recommended obtain appropriate who experience syndrome.

Language: Английский

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