Recent Advances on High‐Speed and Holographic Two‐Photon Direct Laser Writing

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(39)

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Abstract Two‐Photon Lithography, thanks to its very high sub‐diffraction resolution, has become the lithographic technique par excellence in applications requiring small feature sizes and complex 3D pattering. Despite this, fabrication times required for extended structures remain much longer than those of other competing techniques (UV mask lithography, nanoimprinting, etc.). Its low throughput prevents wide adoption industrial applications. To increase it, over years different solutions have been proposed, although their usage is difficult generalize may be limited depending on specific application. A promising strategy further opening a concrete window industry, lies combination with holography approaches: this way it possible generate dozens foci from single laser beam, thus parallelizing periodic structures, or engineer intensity distribution writing plane way, obtaining microstructures exposure. Here, fundamental concepts behind high‐speed Lithography are discussed, literary production recent that exploits such reviewed, contextualized according topic covered.

Language: Английский

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Two decades of two-photon lithography: Materials science perspective for additive manufacturing of 2D/3D nano-microstructures

iScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(4), P. 106374 - 106374

Published: March 11, 2023

Two-photon lithography (TPL) is a versatile technology for additive manufacturing of 2D and 3D micro/nanostructures with sub-wavelength resolved features. Recent advancement in laser has enabled the application TPL fabricated structures several fields such as microelectronics, photonics, optoelectronics, microfluidics, plasmonic devices. However, lack two-photon polymerizable resins (TPPRs) induces bottleneck to growth its true potential, hence continuous research efforts are focused on developing efficient TPPRs. In this article, we review recent advancements PI TPPR formulation impact process parameters fabrication specific applications. The fundamentals described, followed by techniques used achieving improved resolution functional micro/nanostructures. Finally, critical outlook future prospects applications presented.

Language: Английский

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Multimaterial 3D and 4D Bioprinting of Heterogenous Constructs for Tissue Engineering

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(34)

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM), which is based on the principle of layer-by-layer shaping and stacking discrete materials, has shown significant benefits in fabrication complicated implants for tissue engineering (TE). However, many native tissues exhibit anisotropic heterogenous constructs with diverse components functions. Consequently, replication biomimetic using conventional AM processes a single material challenging. Multimaterial 3D 4D bioprinting (with time as fourth dimension) emerged promising solution constructing multifunctional that can mimic host microenvironment better than single-material alternatives. Notably, 4D-printed multimaterial architectures provide time-dependent programmable dynamic promote cell activity regeneration response to external stimuli. This paper first presents typical design strategies TE applications. Subsequently, latest are discussed, along their advantages challenges. In particular, potential smart highlighted. Furthermore, this review provides insights into how facilitate realization next-generation

Language: Английский

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Introducing Dynamic Bonds in Light‐based 3D Printing

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(20)

Published: April 23, 2023

Abstract Light‐based 3D printing has received significant attention due to several advantages including high speed and resolution. Along with the development of new technologies, material design is key for next generation light‐based printing. Conventional printable polymeric materials, also known as photopolymers or photoresins, often lead thermosets–polymer networks cross‐linked by permanent covalent bonds which bring limited adaptability restricted reprocessability. Dynamic that can reversibly break reform enable network rearrangement, thereby offering unprecedented properties materials such adaptability, self‐healing, recycling capabilities. Hence, introducing dynamic into a promising strategy further expand meet diverse application scenarios printed multi‐functional moreover more demanding sustainable nature‐inspired considerations (e.g., self‐healing). Herein, an overview recent advances in printing, aiming bridge these two research fields presented. Importantly, current challenges are analyzed perspectives developing their potential applications provided.

Language: Английский

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Direct Laser Writing: From Materials Synthesis and Conversion to Electronic Device Processing

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(26)

Published: March 29, 2024

Direct Laser Writing (DLW) has been increasingly selected as a microfabrication route for efficient, cost-effective, high-resolution material synthesis and conversion. Concurrently, lasers participate in the patterning assembly of functional geometries several fields application, which electronics stand out. In this review, recent advances strategies based on DLW are surveyed outlined, laser growth strategies. First, main parameters influencing transformation mechanisms summarized, aimed at selective, tailored writing conductive semiconducting materials. Additive transformative processing discussed, to open space explore categories materials directly synthesized or transformed microfabrication. These include metallic conductors, metal oxides, transition chalcogenides carbides, laser-induced graphene, their mixtures. By accessing wide range types, DLW-based electronic applications explored, including components, energy harvesting storage, sensing, bioelectronics. The expanded capability multiple fabrication steps different implementation levels, from engineering device processing, indicates future applicability next-generation electronics, where more accessible, green approaches integrate comprehensive tools.

Language: Английский

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Dental Materials Applied to 3D and 4D Printing Technologies: A Review

Polymers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 2405 - 2405

Published: May 22, 2023

As computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies have matured, three-dimensional (3D) printing materials suitable for dentistry attracted considerable research interest, owing to their high efficiency low cost clinical treatment. Three-dimensional technology, also known as additive manufacturing, has developed rapidly over the last forty years, with gradual application in various fields from industry dental sciences. Four-dimensional (4D) printing, defined fabrication of complex spontaneous structures that change time response external stimuli expected ways, includes increasingly popular bioprinting. Existing 3D varied characteristics scopes application; therefore, categorization is required. This review aims classify, summarize, discuss 4D a perspective. Based on these, this describes four major materials, i.e., polymers, metals, ceramics, biomaterials. The process characteristics, applicable technologies, scope are described detail. Furthermore, development composite main focus future research, combining multiple can improve materials’ properties. Updates material sciences play important roles dentistry; hence, emergence newer promote further innovations dentistry.

Language: Английский

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Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 042002 - 042002

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities, enabling the observation and understanding of diverse phenomena. Imaging technologies span a broad spectrum wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies impact research activities our daily lives. Traditional glass lenses are fabricated through series complex processes, while polymers offer versatility ease production. However, modern applications often require lens assemblies, driving need for miniaturization advanced designs with micro- nanoscale features surpass capabilities traditional fabrication methods. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, presents solution these challenges benefits rapid prototyping, customized geometries, efficient production, particularly suited miniaturized optical devices. Various 3D printing methods demonstrated advantages over counterparts, yet remain in achieving resolutions. Two-photon polymerization lithography (TPL), technique, enables intricate structures beyond diffraction limit via nonlinear process two-photon absorption within liquid resin. It offers unprecedented abilities, e.g. alignment-free fabrication, prototyping almost arbitrary nanostructures. In this review, we emphasize importance criteria performance evaluation devices, discuss material properties relevant TPL, techniques, highlight application TPL imaging. As first panoramic review on topic, it will equip researchers foundational knowledge recent advancements optics, promoting deeper field. By leveraging its high-resolution capability, extensive range, true processing, alongside advances materials, design, envisage disruptive solutions current promising incorporation future applications.

Language: Английский

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Reconfigurable flexible metasurfaces: from fundamentals towards biomedical applications

PhotoniX, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Abstract Metamaterials and metasurfaces of artificial micro-/nano- structures functioning from microwave, terahertz, to infrared regime have enabled numerous applications bioimaging, cancer detection immunoassay on-body health monitoring systems in the past few decades. Recently, trend turning metasurface devices flexible stretchable has arisen that flexibility stretchability not only makes device more biocompatible wearable, but also provides unique control manipulation structural geometrical reconfiguration a creative manner, resulting an extraordinary tunability for biomedical sensing purposes. In this Review, we summarize recent advances design fabrication techniques reconfigurable their date thereof, put forward perspective future development metamaterials metasurfaces.

Language: Английский

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From Single to Multi‐Material 3D Printing of Glass‐Ceramics for Micro‐Optics

Small Methods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Abstract Feynman's statement, “There is plenty of room at the bottom”, underscores vast potential atomic scale, envisioning microscopic machines. Today, this vision extends into 3D space, where thousands atoms and molecules are volumetrically patterned to create light‐driven technologies. To fully harness their potential, designs must incorporate high‐refractive‐index elements with exceptional mechanical chemical resilience. The frontier, however, lies in creating spatially micro‐optical architectures glass ceramic materials dissimilar compositions. This multi‐material capability enables novel ways shaping light, leveraging interaction between diverse interfaced compositions push optical boundaries. Specifically, it encompasses both integration within same use different for distinct architectural features an system. Integrating fluid handling systems two‐photon lithography (TPL) provides a promising approach rapidly prototyping such complex components. review examines single TPL processes, discussing photoresin customization, essential physico‐chemical conditions, need cross‐scale characterization assess quality. It reflects on challenges characterizing multi‐scale outlines advancements structures. roadmap bridge research industry, emphasizing collaboration contributions advancing micro‐optics.

Language: Английский

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Direct Laser Writing of Four-Dimensional Structural Color Microactuators Using a Photonic Photoresist

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 9832 - 9839

Published: June 23, 2020

With the advent of direct laser writing using two-photon polymerization, generation high-resolution three-dimensional microstructures has increased dramatically. However, development stimuli-responsive photoresists to create four-dimensional (4D) remains a challenge. Herein, we present supramolecular cholesteric liquid crystalline photonic photoresist for fabrication 4D microactuators, such as pillars, flowers, and butterflies, with submicron resolution. These micron-sized features display structural color shape changes triggered by variation humidity or temperature. findings serve roadmap design creation microactuators.

Language: Английский

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