Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Dec. 11, 2024
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
a
leading
global
cause
of
vision
impairment,
with
its
prevalence
increasing
alongside
the
rising
rates
diabetes
mellitus
(DM).
Despite
retina's
complex
structure,
underlying
pathology
DR
remains
incompletely
understood.
Single-cell
RNA
sequencing
(scRNA-seq)
and
recent
advancements
in
multi-omics
analyses
have
revolutionized
molecular
profiling,
enabling
high-throughput
analysis
comprehensive
characterization
biological
systems.
This
review
highlights
significant
contributions
scRNA-seq,
conjunction
other
technologies,
to
research.
Integrated
scRNA-seq
transcriptomic
revealed
novel
insights
into
pathogenesis,
including
alternative
transcription
start
site
events,
fluctuations
cell
populations,
altered
gene
expression
profiles,
critical
signaling
pathways
within
retinal
cells.
Furthermore,
by
integrating
genetic
association
studies
analyses,
researchers
identified
biomarkers,
susceptibility
genes,
potential
therapeutic
targets
for
DR,
emphasizing
importance
specific
types
disease
progression.
The
integration
metabolomics
has
also
been
instrumental
identifying
metabolites
dysregulated
associated
DR.
It
highly
conceivable
that
continued
synergy
between
approaches
will
accelerate
discovery
mechanisms
development
interventions
Metabolites,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 124 - 124
Published: Feb. 13, 2025
Neurodegenerative
diseases
comprise
a
group
of
chronic,
usually
age-related,
disorders
characterized
by
progressive
neuronal
loss,
deformation
structure,
or
loss
function,
leading
to
substantially
reduced
quality
life.
They
remain
significant
focus
scientific
and
clinical
interest
due
their
increasing
medical
social
importance.
Most
neurodegenerative
present
intracellular
protein
aggregation
extracellular
deposition
(plaques),
such
as
α-synuclein
in
Parkinson's
disease
amyloid
beta
(Aβ)/tau
aggregates
Alzheimer's.
Conventional
treatments
for
conditions
incur
high
costs
are
related
the
development
several
adverse
effects.
In
addition,
many
patients
irresponsive
them.
For
these
reasons,
there
is
growing
tendency
find
new
therapeutic
approaches
help
patients.
This
review
intends
investigate
some
phytocompounds'
effects
on
diseases.
These
generally
increased
oxidative
stress
inflammation,
so
phytocompounds
can
prevent
treat
To
achieve
our
aim
provide
critical
assessment
current
literature
about
phytochemicals
targeting
neurodegeneration,
we
reviewed
reputable
databases,
including
PubMed,
EMBASE,
COCHRANE,
seeking
trials
that
utilized
against
conditions.
A
few
investigated
humans,
after
screening,
13
were
ultimately
included
following
PRISMA
guidelines.
compounds
include
polyphenols
(flavonoids
luteolin
quercetin,
phenolic
acids
rosmarinic
acid,
ferulic
caffeic
other
like
resveratrol),
alkaloids
(such
berberine,
huperzine
A,
caffeine),
terpenoids
ginkgolides
limonene).
The
gathered
evidence
underscores
caffeine,
ginkgolides,
primarily
anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant,
neuroprotective,
counteracting
neuroinflammation,
oxidation,
synaptic
dysfunctions,
which
crucial
aspects
intervention
various
conditions,
Alzheimer's
dementias,
depression,
neuropsychiatric
disorders.
summary,
they
show
use
improvements
cognition,
memory,
disinhibition,
irritability/lability,
aberrant
behavior,
hallucinations,
mood
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 284 - 284
Published: March 15, 2024
Diabetes
is
a
chronic
metabolic
condition
associated
with
high
levels
of
blood
glucose
which
leads
to
serious
damage
the
heart,
kidney,
eyes,
and
nerves.
Elevated
brain
function
cognitive
abilities.
They
also
lead
various
neurological
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
including
neurodegeneration
decline.
High
neuronal
can
cause
drastic
due
neurotoxicity.
Astrocytes,
type
glial
cell,
play
vital
role
in
maintaining
through
neuron–astrocyte
coupling.
Hyperglycemia
progressive
decline
networks
impairment,
contributing
dysfunction
fostering
neurodegenerative
environment.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
connections,
functions,
impairments
cells
diabetic
brain.
We
effects
hyperglycemia
on
functions
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: June 24, 2024
Abstract
Radiation
retinopathy
(RR)
is
a
major
side
effect
of
ocular
tumor
treatment
by
plaque
brachytherapy
or
proton
beam
therapy.
RR
manifests
as
delayed
and
progressive
microvasculopathy,
ischemia
macular
edema,
ultimately
leading
to
vision
loss,
neovascular
glaucoma,
and,
in
extreme
cases,
secondary
enucleation.
Intravitreal
anti-VEGF
agents,
steroids
laser
photocoagulation
have
limited
effects
on
RR.
The
role
retinal
inflammation
its
contribution
the
microvascular
damage
occurring
remain
incompletely
understood.
To
explore
cellular
vascular
events
after
irradiation,
we
analyzed
their
time
course
at
1
week,
month
6
months
rat
eyes
received
45
Gy
X-beam
photons.
Müller
glial
cells,
astrocytes
microglia
were
rapidly
activated,
these
markers
persisted
for
irradiation.
This
was
accompanied
early
cell
death
outer
retina,
which
later
points,
thinning.
A
loss
small
capillaries
hypoxia
observed
months,
indicating
inner
blood‒retinal
barrier
(BRB)
alteration
but
without
retina.
Moreover,
activated
microglial
cells
invaded
entire
retina
surrounded
vessels,
suggesting
death.
also
triggered
persistent
invasion
pigment
epithelium
macrophages,
contributing
BRB
disruption.
study
highlights
long-lasting
inflammatory
mechanisms
development
demonstrates
relevance
this
model
investigate
human
pathology.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(7), P. 1390 - 1390
Published: June 23, 2024
Diabetic
neuropathy
(DN)
is
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
that
primarily
characterized
by
distal
sensory
loss,
reduced
mobility,
and
foot
ulcers
may
potentially
lead
to
amputation.
The
multifaceted
etiology
of
DN
linked
range
inflammatory,
vascular,
metabolic,
other
factors.
Chronic
inflammation,
endothelial
dysfunction,
oxidative
stress
are
the
three
basic
biological
changes
contribute
development
DN.
Although
our
understanding
intricacies
has
advanced
significantly
over
past
decade,
distinctive
mechanisms
underlying
condition
still
poorly
understood,
which
be
reason
behind
lack
an
effective
treatment
cure
for
present
study
delivers
comprehensive
highlights
potential
role
several
pathways
molecular
etiopathogenesis
Moreover,
Schwann
cells
satellite
glial
cells,
as
integral
factors
in
pathogenesis
DN,
have
been
enlightened.
This
work
will
motivate
allied
research
disciplines
gain
better
analysis
current
state
biomolecular
essential
effectively
address
every
facet
from
prevention
treatment.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 161 - 161
Published: Jan. 29, 2025
Diabetic
patients
experience
hyperglycemia,
which
can
affect
multiple
organs,
including
brain
function,
leading
to
disabling
neurological
complications.
Hyperglycemia
plays
a
key
role
in
promoting
neuroinflammation,
the
most
common
complication
diabetic
individuals,
through
activation
of
microglia.
Attenuating
hyperglycemia-related
neuroinflammation
microglia
may
reduce
diabetes-associated
comorbidities.
Natural
remedies
containing
phenolic
compounds
have
shown
efficacy
mitigating
microglia-mediated
neuroinflammation.
The
aim
this
study
was
investigate
potential
Melissa
officinalis
L.
(MO)
phytocomplex,
obtained
from
plant
cell
cultures
and
enriched
its
main
polyphenolic
constituent,
rosmarinic
acid
(RA),
attenuating
hyperglycemia-induced
A
time-course
morphological
analysis
BV2
microglial
cells
exposed
high
glucose
(HG)
levels
showed
shift
towards
proinflammatory
phenotype,
peaking
after
48
h,
reversed
by
pretreatment
with
MO.
Biochemical
assays
revealed
increased
expression
marker
CD11b
(187%),
NF-κB
pathway
(179%),
iNOS
(225%),
enhanced
phosphorylation
ERK1/2
(180%),
cytokine
IL-6
(173%).
Pretreatment
MO
prevented
aberrant
these
mediators
restored
SIRT1
levels.
Exposure
neuronal
SH-SY5Y
conditioned
medium
HG-exposed
significantly
reduced
viability.
counteracted
effect,
exhibiting
neuroprotective
activity.
RA
comparable
that
In
conclusion,
attenuated
oxidative
imbalance
under
HG
exposure
inhibiting
toward
phenotype
induced
abrogating
subsequent
downstream
ERK1/2–NF-κB–iNOS
pathway.
FEBS Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 11, 2025
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
widely
acknowledged
as
an
ocular
complication
of
diabetes
mellitus
involving
retinal
inflammation
and
secondary
neuro/microvascular
degeneration.
Müller
glial
cells
play
a
crucial
role
in
regulating
homeostasis
neuroinflammation
within
the
retina.
Farnesoid
X
nuclear
receptor
(FXR)
has
emerged
potential
regulator
metabolic
inflammatory
responses
bile
acid
receptor.
However,
its
precise
DR
remains
unclear.
In
order
to
investigate
effect
FXR
on
DR,
we
employed
Sprague‐Dawley
rats
treated
with
streptozotocin
(STZ)
human
advanced
glycation
end
products
(AGEs)
or
high
glucose
palmitate
(HG
+
PA).
Our
investigations
revealed
downregulation
DR.
Furthermore,
demonstrated
that
activating
could
mitigate
progression
protective
effects
linked
inhibition
cells.
Mechanistically,
ameliorate
mitochondrial
dysfunction
suppress
opening
permeability
transition
pore.
This
action
blocked
release
DNA
(mtDNA)
from
mitochondria
into
cytoplasm,
thereby
inhibiting
abnormal
activation
cGAS/STING
pathway
Further
studies
upregulates
transcription
factor
A
(TFAM)
by
modulating
ATF4/NRF1,
ultimately
enhancing
function.
Knockdown
reversed
above
effects.
Additionally,
effectively
rescued
dysfunction,
evidenced
Tunicamycin
(TUN)‐mediated
assays,
further
validating
our
findings.
summary,
findings
suggest
targeting
may
offer
promising
strategies
for
future
therapeutic
interventions
treatment
