Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Dec. 11, 2024
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
a
leading
global
cause
of
vision
impairment,
with
its
prevalence
increasing
alongside
the
rising
rates
diabetes
mellitus
(DM).
Despite
retina's
complex
structure,
underlying
pathology
DR
remains
incompletely
understood.
Single-cell
RNA
sequencing
(scRNA-seq)
and
recent
advancements
in
multi-omics
analyses
have
revolutionized
molecular
profiling,
enabling
high-throughput
analysis
comprehensive
characterization
biological
systems.
This
review
highlights
significant
contributions
scRNA-seq,
conjunction
other
technologies,
to
research.
Integrated
scRNA-seq
transcriptomic
revealed
novel
insights
into
pathogenesis,
including
alternative
transcription
start
site
events,
fluctuations
cell
populations,
altered
gene
expression
profiles,
critical
signaling
pathways
within
retinal
cells.
Furthermore,
by
integrating
genetic
association
studies
analyses,
researchers
identified
biomarkers,
susceptibility
genes,
potential
therapeutic
targets
for
DR,
emphasizing
importance
specific
types
disease
progression.
The
integration
metabolomics
has
also
been
instrumental
identifying
metabolites
dysregulated
associated
DR.
It
highly
conceivable
that
continued
synergy
between
approaches
will
accelerate
discovery
mechanisms
development
interventions
Diabetic
wounds
constitute
one
of
the
most
prevalent
complications
among
diabetic
patients,
characterized
by
a
low
healing
rate
and
high
recurrence
rate.
These
frequently
result
in
ulceration,
amputation,
and,
severe
cases,
life-threatening
conditions.
The
difficulty
wound
patients
is
primarily
attributed
to
invasion
pathogenic
bacteria,
dysregulation
inflammatory
response,
insufficient
angiogenesis.
In
this
study,
we
developed
core-shell
microneedle
(MN)
patch
that
delivers
antimicrobial
agents,
anti-inflammatory
angiogenic
agents
biphasic
release
mode
for
treatment
healing.
Tetracycline
hydrochloride
(TCH)
drug-carrying
nanoparticles
(SIM-PLGA
NPs)
were
coated
inner
layer
tip
respond
early
bacterial
infection
subsequently
induce
Metformin
(Met)
was
loaded
onto
outer
shell
needle
regulate
response.
MN
(TCH/SIM-PLGA
NPs/Met
MN)
inhibited
promoted
cell
migration
application
TCH/SIM-PLGA
constructed
model
reduced
inflammation,
induced
angiogenesis,
encouraged
collagen
deposition
tissue
regeneration
during
repair,
accelerated
closure.
This
system,
combined
with
MN,
exhibits
significant
potential
broader
applications
BMC Medical Imaging,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
25(1)
Published: May 5, 2025
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
has
been
associated
with
brain
microstructural
alterations,
potentially
contributing
to
cognitive
decline
and
neurodegeneration.
Diffusion
tensor
imaging
(DTI)
provides
a
non-invasive
method
assess
these
changes.
However,
the
relationship
between
glycemic
control
integrity
remains
unclear.
This
study
aims
investigate
association
changes
in
T2DM
using
DTI.
retrospective
included
90
participants
(30
healthy
controls,
60
patients)
who
underwent
1.5T
MRI
DTI
at
The
Affiliated
Shunde
Hospital
of
Jinan
University
January
2023
May
2024.
patients
were
categorized
into
well-controlled
(HbA1c
<
7%,
n
=
30)
poorly
controlled
≥
groups.
Fractional
anisotropy
(FA)
apparent
diffusion
coefficient
(ADC)
values
analyzed
across
multiple
white
matter
regions.
Pearson's
correlation
was
used
associations
HbA1c
metrics,
while
group
differences
evaluated
Bayesian
effect
size
estimation.
negatively
correlated
ADC
right
hippocampus
(r
-0.33,
p
0.0013),
suggesting
poor
increased
tissue
diffusivity.
A
weak
but
significant
positive
FA
0.23,
0.03)
observed.
higher
group,
indicating
potential
diabetes-related
No
or
found
other
regions
(p
>
0.05).
Poor
is
alterations
hippocampus,
reflecting
early
neurodegenerative
processes.
Longitudinal
studies
are
needed
further
findings.
Brain Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(11), P. 1101 - 1101
Published: Oct. 30, 2024
Obesity,
type
2
diabetes
(T2D),
and
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
are
pathologies
that
affect
millions
of
people
worldwide.
They
have
no
effective
therapy
difficult
to
prevent
control
when
they
develop.
It
has
been
known
for
many
years
these
diseases
pathogenic
aspects
in
common.
We
highlight
this
review
neuroglial
cells
(astroglia,
oligodendroglia,
microglia)
play
a
vital
role
the
origin,
clinical-pathological
development,
course
brain
neurodegeneration.
Moreover,
we
include
new
results
T2D-AD
mouse
model
(APP+PS1
mice
on
high-calorie
diet)
investigating.
Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(12), P. 1030 - 1030
Published: Dec. 9, 2024
Millions
of
people
worldwide
suffer
from
retinal
disorders.
Retinal
diseases
require
prompt
attention
to
restore
function
or
reduce
progressive
impairments.
Genetics,
epigenetics,
life-styling/quality
and
external
environmental
factors
may
contribute
developing
diseases.
In
the
physiological
retina,
some
glial
cell
types
sustain
neuron
activities
by
guaranteeing
ion
homeostasis
allowing
effective
interaction
in
synaptic
transmission.
Upon
insults,
cells
interact
with
neuronal
other
non-neuronal
cells,
at
least
part
counteracting
biomolecular
changes
that
trigger
complications
vision
loss.
Several
epigenetic
oxidative
stress
mechanisms
are
quickly
activated
release
concert
growth,
fibrogenic
angiogenic
can
influence
overall
microenvironment
cell-to-cell
response.
Reactive
Müller
participate
secreting
neurotrophic/growth/angiogenic
factors,
cytokines/chemokines,
cytotoxic/stress
molecules
neurogenic
inflammation
peptides.
Any
attempt
maintain/restore
condition
be
interrupted
perpetuating
vascular
dysfunction
neurodegeneration.
Herein,
we
critically
revise
current
knowledge
on
cell-to-mediator
interplay
between
astrocytes
microglia,
respect
pro-con
modulators
neuroprotective/detrimental
activities,
as
observed
using
experimental
models
analyzing
ocular
fluids,
altogether
contributing
a
new
point
view
field
research
precision
medicine.
Immunological Investigations,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 11
Published: Sept. 9, 2024
The
pathogenesis
of
diabetic
neuropathic
pain
(DNP)
is
complex
involving
various
processes,
which
need
exploring
reliable
biomarkers
for
its
early
detection
and
severity
prediction.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(22), P. 1864 - 1864
Published: Nov. 11, 2024
Diabetic
retinopathy
is
a
major
eye
complication
in
patients
with
diabetes
mellitus,
and
it
the
leading
cause
of
blindness
visual
impairment
world.
Chronic
hyperglycemia
induces
endothelial
damage
consequent
vascular
lesions,
resulting
global
vasculitis,
which
affects
small
vessels
retina.
These
lesions
ischemic
conditions
certain
areas
retina,
increase
release
pro-angiogenic
mediators.
In
addition
to
pharmacological
interventions
for
controlling
blood
glycaemic
level,
main
strategies
treating
diabetic
are
intravitreal
injections
drugs,
surgical
treatments,
vitrectomies.
The
complexity
due
its
close
interactions
different
cell
types
(endothelial
cells,
astrocytes,
Müller
cells).
evaluation
efficacy
novel
mainly
performed
through
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
21(1)
Published: Dec. 23, 2024
The
global
incidence
of
type
2
diabetes
(T2D)
is
rapidly
increasing,
with
retinopathy
being
its
most
common
complication
and
a
leading
cause
preventable
blindness.
Although
the
precise
mechanisms
involved
in
development
diabetic
(DR)
are
not
fully
understood,
defective
immunomodulation
recognized
key
factor
pathophysiology.
Regulatory
T
cells
(Treg)
regulate
inflammation
promote
regeneration,
while
they
known
to
have
important
anti-inflammatory
neuroprotective
roles
other
tissues,
including
central
nervous
system,
their
role
retina
remains
largely
unknown.
aim
present
study
examine
effect
Treg
expansion
retinal
neurodegeneration,
an
early
event
pathogenesis
DR.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 23, 2024
Abstract
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM)
is
a
chronic
metabolic
disorder
that
increases
the
prevalence
of
cognitive
impairment
in
elderly.
Aerobic
exercise
has
been
reported
as
an
excellent
non-pharmacological
therapeutic
strategy
to
prevent
Alzheimer’s
disease
and
dementia.
The
present
study
assessed
role
treadmill
metformin
(70
mg/kg)
co-administration
for
fourteen
weeks
its
associated
molecular
mechanism
T2DM
rats.
Neurobehavioural
assessments
were
performed
evaluate
spatial
recognition
fear-conditioned
memory.
ELISA
was
inflammatory
cytokines
hippocampus
diabetic
Furthermore,
immunohistochemistry
western
blotting
confirmed
effect
on
astrogliosis
adult
hippocampal
neurogenesis.
rats
showed
significant
alteration
neurobehavioural
patterns
compared
control
group,
which
improved
co-administered
animals.
level
neuroinflammation
significantly
elevated
tissue
lowered
after
treatment.
Molecular
expression
mature
neurons,
astrogliosis,
microgliosis,
neurogenesis
markers
altered
rat
brains
ameliorated
upon
Moreover,
upregulation
canonical
Wnt/β-catenin
pathway
observed
rats,
impaired
hippocampus.
In
summary,
long-term
aerobic
with
treatment
promoted
via
upregulating
