Eye and Brain,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 12, P. 73 - 87
Published: July 1, 2020
Background:
Optical
coherence
tomography
angiography
(OCT-A)
has
emerged
as
a
novel,
fast,
safe
and
non-invasive
imaging
technique
of
analyzing
the
retinal
choroidal
microvasculature
in
vivo.
OCT-A
captures
multiple
sequential
B-scans
performed
repeatedly
over
specific
area
at
high
speed,
thus
enabling
composition
vascular
map
with
areas
contrast
change
(high
flow
zones)
steady
(slow
or
no
zones).
It
therefore
provides
unique
insight
into
exact
layer
location
which
abnormal
blood
develops.
OCTA
evolved
useful
tool
for
understanding
number
pathologies
such
diabetic
retinopathy,
age-related
macular
degeneration,
central
serous
chorioretinopathy,
occlusions,
telangiectasia
neovascular
membranes
other
causes.
technology
is
also
increasingly
being
used
evaluation
optic
disc
perfusion
been
suggested
valuable
early
detection
glaucomatous
damage
monitoring
progression.
Objective:
To
review
existing
literature
on
applications
optical
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Summary:
A
meticulous
was
until
present
day.
Google
Scholar,
PubMed,
Mendeley
search
engines
were
this
purpose.
We
123
published
manuscripts
our
references.
utilized
so
far
to
describe
abnormalities
sclerosis
(MS),
Alzheimer’s
disease,
arteritic
non-arteritic
neuropathy
(AION
NAION),
Leber’s
hereditary
(LHON)
papilloedema,
Parkinson’s
Huntington’s
amyotrophic
lateral
(ALS),
Wolfram
syndrome,
migraines,
lesions
visual
pathway
cerebral
autosomal
dominant
arteriopathy
subcortical
infarcts
leukoencephalopathy
(CADASIL).
appears
that
findings
correlate
quite
well
severity
aforementioned
However,
its
own
limitations,
namely
lack
wide-field
view
peripheral
retina
inaccurate
interpretation
due
motion
artifacts
uncooperative
groups
patients
(e.g.
children).
Larger
prospective
longitudinal
studies
will
need
be
conducted
order
eliminate
limitations.
Keywords:
angiography,
diseases,
neuro-ophthalmology
Redox Biology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
37, P. 101799 - 101799
Published: Oct. 1, 2020
Oxidative
stress,
a
cytopathic
outcome
of
excessive
generation
ROS
and
the
repression
antioxidant
defense
system
for
elimination,
is
involved
in
pathogenesis
multiple
diseases,
including
diabetes
its
complications.
Retinopathy,
microvascular
complication
diabetes,
primary
cause
acquired
blindness
diabetic
patients.
stress
has
been
verified
as
one
critical
contributor
to
retinopathy.
can
both
contribute
result
from
metabolic
abnormalities
induced
by
hyperglycemia,
mainly
increased
flux
polyol
pathway
hexosamine
pathway,
hyper-activation
protein
kinase
C
(PKC)
isoforms,
accumulation
advanced
glycation
end
products
(AGEs).
Moreover,
hyperglycemia-mediated
epigenetic
modification
also
leads
imbalance
between
scavenging
production
ROS.
Excessive
induces
mitochondrial
damage,
cellular
apoptosis,
inflammation,
lipid
peroxidation,
structural
functional
alterations
retina.
Therefore,
it
important
understand
elucidate
oxidative
stress-related
mechanisms
underlying
progress
In
addition,
correlated
with
provide
potential
therapeutic
targets
develop
safe
effective
treatments
Here,
we
summarized
main
strategies
control
this
disease.
European Journal of Preventive Cardiology,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
26(2_suppl), P. 25 - 32
Published: Nov. 14, 2019
The
global
prevalence
of
diabetes
is
predicted
to
increase
dramatically
in
the
coming
decades
as
population
grows
and
ages,
parallel
with
rising
burden
overweight
obesity,
both
developed
developing
countries.
Cardiovascular
disease
represents
principal
cause
death
morbidity
among
people
diabetes,
especially
those
type
2
mellitus.
Adults
have
2-4
times
increased
cardiovascular
risk
compared
adults
without
rises
worsening
glycaemic
control.
Diabetes
has
been
associated
75%
mortality
rate
adults,
accounts
for
a
large
part
excess
mortality.
Diabetes-related
macrovascular
microvascular
complications,
including
coronary
heart
disease,
cerebrovascular
failure,
peripheral
vascular
chronic
renal
diabetic
retinopathy
autonomic
neuropathy
are
responsible
impaired
quality
life,
disability
premature
diabetes.
Given
substantial
clinical
impact
factor,
there
growing
focus
on
diabetes-related
complications.
While
some
population-based
studies
suggest
that
epidemiology
such
complications
changing
rates
all-cause
individuals
decreasing
high-income
countries,
economic
social
expected
rise
due
demographics
lifestyle
middle-
low-income
In
this
review
we
outline
data
from
recent
long-term
trends
Ophthalmic Research,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
62(4), P. 211 - 217
Published: Jan. 1, 2019
Diabetic
retinopathy
(DR)
is
the
most
frequent
complication
of
diabetes.
The
main
risk
factors
are
disease
duration,
a
poor
glycemic
control,
and
presence
hypertension.
However,
there
an
important
variation
in
which
indicates
that
other
factors,
such
as
genetic
heritability
or
variability,
play
role
accounting
for
susceptibility
to
DR
development.
Another
concept
independent
predictor
both
microvascular
macrovascular
complications.
Thus,
should
be
taken
into
account
when
evaluating
cardiovascular
diabetic
subject.
Moreover,
evaluation
retinal
neurodegeneration
could
help
identify
those
subjects
at
cognitive
impairment,
emerging
type
2
population.
When
subject,
awareness
has
also
therapeutic
implications.
In
this
regard,
worsening
occur
after
rapid
improvement
blood
glucose.
summary,
critical
review
on
importance
general
management
with
diabetes
provided.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: April 25, 2023
In
the
working-age
population
worldwide,
diabetic
retinopathy
(DR),
a
prevalent
complication
of
diabetes,
is
main
cause
vision
impairment.
Chronic
low-grade
inflammation
plays
an
essential
role
in
DR
development.
Recently,
concerning
pathogenesis
DR,
Nod-Like
Receptor
Family
Pyrin
Domain
Containing
3
(NLRP3)
inflammasome
retinal
cells
has
been
determined
as
causal
factor.
eye,
NLRP3
activated
by
several
pathways
(such
ROS
and
ATP).
The
activation
NPRP3
leads
to
secretion
inflammatory
cytokines
interleukin-1β
(IL-1β)
interleukin-18
(IL-18),
pyroptosis,
rapid
form
lytic
programmed
cell
death
(PCD).
Cells
that
undergo
pyroptosis
swell
rapture,
releasing
more
factors
accelerating
progression.
This
review
focuses
on
mechanisms
activate
leading
DR.
present
research
highlighted
some
inhibitors
NLRP3/pyroptosis
novel
therapeutic
measures
treatment.
