Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10, P. S49 - S66

Published: July 27, 2018

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D: Nutrient, Hormone, and Immunomodulator

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 1656 - 1656

Published: Nov. 3, 2018

The classical functions of vitamin D are to regulate calcium-phosphorus homeostasis and control bone metabolism. However, deficiency has been reported in several chronic conditions associated with increased inflammation deregulation the immune system, such as diabetes, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis. These observations, together experimental studies, suggest a critical role for modulation function. This leads hypothesis disease-specific alteration metabolism reinforces maintaining healthy system. Two key observations validate this important non-classical action D: first, receptor (VDR) is expressed by majority cells, including B T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells; second, there an active cells that able locally convert 25(OH)D3 into 1,25(OH)2D3, its form. Vitamin VDR signaling have suppressive on autoimmunity anti-inflammatory effect, promoting cell regulatory T-cell differentiation reducing helper Th 17 response inflammatory cytokines secretion. review summarizes data clinical potential immunomodulating properties D.

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Inflammation on Bone

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 5, 2021

Bone remodeling is the continual process to renew adult skeleton through sequential action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Nuclear factor RANK, an osteoclast receptor, its ligand RANKL, expressed on surface osteoblasts, result in coordinated control bone remodeling. Inflammation, a feature illness injury, plays distinct role skewing this toward resorption. It does so via interaction inflammatory mediators their related peptides with osteoclasts, as well other immune cells, alter expression RANK RANKL. Such chemical include TNFα, glucocorticoids, histamine, bradykinin, PGE2, systemic RANKL from interleukins 1 6. Conditions, such periodontal disease alveolar erosion, aseptic prosthetic loosening, rheumatoid arthritis, some sports injuries are characterized by process. A thorough understanding response injury disease, ability detect biomarkers, imaging identify early structural mechanical property changes architecture, important improving management outcomes pathology. While gut health vitamin mineral availability appear vitally important, nutraceuticals also have impact health. To date most pharmaceutical intervention targets cytokines, although strategies favorably inflammation induced pathology currently limited. Further research required field advance detection treatments.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles from Child Gut Microbiota Enter into Bone to Preserve Bone Mass and Strength

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(9)

Published: Feb. 17, 2021

Recently, the gut microbiota (GM) has been shown to be a regulator of bone homeostasis and mechanisms by which GM modulates mass are still being investigated. Here, it is found that colonization with from children (CGM) but not elderly (EGM) prevents decreases in strength conventionally raised, ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals CGM reverses OVX-induced reduction Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk). Direct replenishment Akk sufficient correct imbalanced metabolism protect against osteoporosis. Mechanistic studies show secretion extracellular vesicles (EVs) required for CGM- Akk-induced protective effects these nanovesicles can enter accumulate into tissues attenuate phenotypes augmenting osteogenic activity inhibiting osteoclast formation. The study identifies bacterium mediates CGM-induced anti-osteoporotic presents novel mechanism underlying exchange signals between host bone.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Osteoporosis: Molecular Mechanisms Involved and the Relationship with microRNAs

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3772 - 3772

Published: Feb. 14, 2023

Osteoporosis is characterized by the alteration of bone homeostasis due to an imbalance between osteoclastic resorption and osteoblastic formation. Estrogen deficiency causes loss postmenopausal osteoporosis, pathogenesis which also involves oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, dysregulation expression microRNAs (miRNAs) that control gene at post-transcriptional levels. Oxidative increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory mediators altered levels miRNAs enhance osteoclastogenesis reduce osteoblastogenesis through mechanisms involving activation MAPK transcription factors. The present review summarizes principal molecular involved role ROS cytokines on osteoporosis. Moreover, it highlights interplay among miRNA levels, state. In fact, ROS, activating transcriptional factors, can affect expression, regulate production processes. Therefore, should help identifying targets for development new therapeutic approaches osteoporotic treatment improve quality life patients.

Language: Английский

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Bacteriocin-Producing Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria in Controlling Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 16, 2022

Several strains of lactic acid bacteria are potent probiotics and can cure a variety diseases using different modes actions. These produce antimicrobial peptides, bacteriocins, which inhibit or kill generally closely related bacterial other pathogenic such as Listeria, Clostridium, Salmonella. Bacteriocins cationic peptides that the target cells by pore formation dissipation cytosolic contents, leading to cell death. also known modulate native microbiota host immunity, affecting several health-promoting functions host. In this review, we have discussed ability bacteriocin-producing probiotic in modulation gut correcting dysbiosis treatment/maintenance few important human disorders chronic infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, cancer.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and osteoarthritis management: An expert consensus of the European society for clinical and economic aspects of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and musculoskeletal diseases (ESCEO)

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 100946 - 100946

Published: Aug. 19, 2019

The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) increases not only because longer life expectancy but also the modern lifestyle, in particular physical inactivity and diets low fiber rich sugar saturated fats, which promote chronic low-grade inflammation obesity. Adverse alterations gut microbiota (GMB) composition, called microbial dysbiosis, may favor metabolic syndrome inflammaging, two important components OA onset evolution. Considering burden need to define preventive therapeutic interventions targeting modifiable OA, an expert working group was convened by European Society for Clinical Economic Aspects Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) review potential contribution GMB OA. Such a is supported observational or dietary intervention studies animal models humans. In addition, several well-recognized risk factors interact with GMB. Lastly, critical determinant drug metabolism bioavailability influence response medications. Further research its metabolites needed move field from symptomatic management individualized pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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The Human Gut Microbiota: A Key Mediator of Osteoporosis and Osteogenesis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(17), P. 9452 - 9452

Published: Aug. 31, 2021

An expanding body of research asserts that the gut microbiota has a role in bone metabolism and pathogenesis osteoporosis. This review considers human composition its osteoclastogenesis healing process, specifically case Although natural physiologic processes osteoporosis disease are now relatively well known, recent literature suggests healthy microbiome is tied to homeostasis. Nevertheless, mechanism underlying this connection still somewhat enigmatic. Based on literature, relationship between microbiome, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, receptor activator nuclear factor-kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) contemplated explored review. Studies have proposed various mechanisms interaction with health, including micro-RNA, insulin-like growth factor 1, immune system mediation. However, alterations secondary pharmaceutical surgical interventions cannot be discounted discussed context clinical therapeutic consideration. The probiotics their action examined healing. known hypothesized interactions common drugs examined. Since dysbiosis can function as biomarker metabolic activity, it may also pharmacological nutraceutical (i.e., pre- probiotics) target promote

Language: Английский

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Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Minerals in Relation to a Healthy Gut Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(13), P. 6803 - 6803

Published: June 24, 2021

Adequate amounts of a wide range micronutrients are needed by body tissues to maintain health. Dietary intake must be sufficient meet these micronutrient requirements. Mineral deficiency does not seem the result physically active life or athletic training but is more likely arise from disturbances in quality and quantity ingested food. The lack some minerals appears symbolic modern era reflecting either excessive empty calories negative energy balance drastic weight-loss diets. Several animal studies provide convincing evidence for an association between dietary availability microbial composition gut. However, influence human gut microbiota on bioaccessibility bioavailability trace elements food has rarely been studied. Bacteria play role effecting mineral bioaccessibility, which further increased through fermentation cereals soaking germination crops. Moreover, probiotics have positive effect iron, calcium, selenium, zinc relation microbiome metabolism. current literature reveals beneficial effects bacteria supporting both overall This review focuses interactions several sport nutrition, as related lifestyle.

Language: Английский

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Osteoporosis pathogenesis and treatment: existing and emerging avenues

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Sept. 4, 2022

Abstract Osteoporotic fractures lead to increased disability and mortality in the elderly population. With rapid increase aging population around globe, more effective treatments for osteoporosis osteoporotic are urgently required. The underlying molecular mechanisms of believed be due activity osteoclasts, decreased osteoblasts, or both, which leads an imbalance bone remodeling process with accelerated resorption attenuated formation. Currently, available clinical have mostly focused on factors influencing remodeling; however, they their own limitations side effects. Recently, cytokine immunotherapy, gene therapy, stem cell therapy become new approaches treatment various diseases. This article reviews latest research mechanisms, as well how this underpins current potential novel osteoporosis.

Language: Английский

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