Regulators of plant biomass degradation in ascomycetous fungi

Biotechnology for Biofuels, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: June 12, 2017

Fungi play a major role in the global carbon cycle because of their ability to utilize plant biomass (polysaccharides, proteins, and lignin) as source. Due complexity heterogenic composition biomass, fungi need produce broad range degrading enzymes, matching (part of) prevalent substrate. This process is dependent on network regulators that not only control extracellular enzymes degrade but also metabolic pathways needed metabolize resulting monomers. review will summarize current knowledge regulation utilization compare differences between fungal species, focusing particular presence or absence involved this process.

Language: Английский

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Genetic engineering of Trichoderma reesei cellulases and their production

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 1485 - 1499

Published: May 29, 2017

Summary Lignocellulosic biomass, which mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, is the most abundant renewable source for production biofuel biorefinery products. The industrial use plant biomass involves mechanical milling or chipping, followed by chemical physicochemical pretreatment steps to make material more susceptible enzymatic hydrolysis. Thereby cost enzyme still presents major bottleneck, mostly because some produced enzymes have low catalytic activity under conditions and/or rate hydrolysis in secreted mixture limiting. Almost all lignocellulolytic cocktails needed step are fermentation ascomycete Trichoderma reesei (Hypocreales). For this reason, structure mechanism involved, regulation their expression pathways formation secretion been investigated T. considerable details. Several findings thereby obtained used improve cellulases properties. In article, we will review achievements that already made also show promising fields further progress.

Language: Английский

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Bioactive compounds and biomedical applications of endophytic fungi: a recent review

Microbial Cell Factories, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: June 6, 2023

Abstract Human life has been significantly impacted by the creation and spread of novel species antibiotic-resistant bacteria virus strains that are difficult to manage. Scientists researchers have recently motivated seek out alternatives other sources safe ecologically friendly active chemicals a powerful effective effect against wide variety pathogenic as result all these hazards problems. In this review, endophytic fungi their bioactive compounds biomedical applications were discussed. Endophytes, new category microbial source can produce biological components, major values for study broad prospects development. Recently, received much attention compounds. addition, natural generated endophytes is due close relationship between host plants. The separated from usually classified steroids, xanthones, terpenoids, isocoumarins, phenols, tetralones, benzopyranones enniatines. Moreover, review discusses enhancement methods secondary metabolites production fungal which include optimization methods, co-culture method, chemical epigenetic modification molecular-based approaches. Furthermore, deals with different medical such antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant anticancer activities in last 3 years.

Language: Английский

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Fungal Endophytes: A Potential Source of Antibacterial Compounds

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 164 - 164

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

Antibiotic resistance is becoming a burning issue due to the frequent use of antibiotics for curing common bacterial infections, indicating that we are running out effective antibiotics. This has been more obvious during recent corona pandemics. Similarly, enhancement antimicrobial (AMR) strengthening pathogenicity and virulence infectious microbes. Endophytes have shown expression various new many bioactive compounds with significant biological activities. Specifically, in endophytic fungi, metabolites unique skeletons identified which could be helpful prevention increasing resistance. The major classes reported include anthraquinone, sesquiterpenoid, chromone, xanthone, phenols, quinones, quinolone, piperazine, coumarins cyclic peptides. In present review, 451 isolated from groups fungi January 2015 April 2021 along their antibacterial profiling, chemical structures mode action. addition, also discussed methods including epigenetic modifications, co-culture, OSMAC induce silent gene clusters production noble fungi.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory cascade and biological activity of Beauveria bassiana oosporein that limits bacterial growth after host death

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(9)

Published: Feb. 13, 2017

The regulatory network and biological functions of the fungal secondary metabolite oosporein have remained obscure. Beauveria bassiana has evolved ability to parasitize insects outcompete microbial challengers for assimilation host nutrients. A novel zinc finger transcription factor, BbSmr1 (B. regulator 1), was identified in a screen overproduction. Deletion Bbsmr1 resulted up-regulation biosynthetic gene cluster (OpS genes) constitutive production. Oosporein production abolished double mutants second OpS3, within (ΔBbsmr1ΔOpS3), indicating that acts as negative OpS3 expression. Real-time quantitative PCR GFP promoter fusion construct OpS1, polyketide synthase, indicated OpS1 is expressed mainly insect cadavers at 24-48 h after death. Bacterial colony analysis B. bassiana-infected hosts revealed increasing counts until death, with dramatic decrease (∼90%) death correlated In vitro studies verified inhibitory activity against bacteria derived from cadavers. These results suggest an antimicrobial compound limit competition on bassiana-killed hosts, allowing fungus maximally use nutrients grow sporulate infected

Language: Английский

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Enhancing chemical and biological diversity by co-cultivation

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

In natural product research, microbial metabolites have tremendous potential to provide new therapeutic agents since extremely diverse chemical structures can be found in the nearly infinite population. Conventionally, these specialized are screened by single-strain cultures. However, owing lack of biotic and abiotic interactions monocultures, growth conditions significantly different from those encountered a environment result less diversity frequent re-isolation known compounds. last decade, several methods been developed eventually understand physiological under which cryptic genes activated an attempt stimulate their biosynthesis elicit production hitherto unexpressed diversity. Among those, co-cultivation is one most efficient ways induce silenced pathways, mimicking competitive for holistic regulation metabolites, has become golden methodology metabolome expansion. It does not require previous knowledge signaling mechanism genome nor any special equipment cultivation data interpretation. Several reviews shown produce biologically active leads. only few studies detailed experimental, analytical, microbiological strategies efficiently inducing bioactive molecules co-culture. Therefore, we reviewed applying co-culture secondary metabolite pathways insights into experimental variables compatible with high-throughput analytical procedures. Mixed-fermentation publications 1978 2022 were assessed regarding types set-ups, metabolic induction, interaction effects.

Language: Английский

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Strategies for the Enhancement of Secondary Metabolite Production via Biosynthesis Gene Cluster Regulation in Aspergillus oryzae

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(5), P. 312 - 312

Published: April 25, 2024

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) has been extensively used for the biosynthesis of numerous secondary metabolites with significant applications in agriculture and food medical industries, among others. However, identification functional prediction through genome mining A. are hindered by complex regulatory mechanisms metabolite inactivity most biosynthetic gene clusters involved. global factors, pathway-specific epigenetics, environmental signals significantly impact production metabolites, indicating that appropriate gene-level modulations expected to promote oryzae. This review mainly focuses on illuminating molecular activation potentially unexpressed pathways, possibly revealing effects transcriptional, epigenetic, signal regulation. By gaining a comprehensive understanding biosynthesis, strategies can be developed enhance utilization these potential functions fully exploited.

Language: Английский

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Developments and opportunities in fungal strain engineering for the production of novel enzymes and enzyme cocktails for plant biomass degradation

Biotechnology Advances, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 37(6), P. 107361 - 107361

Published: Feb. 27, 2019

Language: Английский

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Antifungal potential of secondary metabolites involved in the interaction between citrus pathogens

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Dec. 9, 2019

Abstract Numerous postharvest diseases have been reported that cause substantial losses of citrus fruits worldwide. Penicillium digitatum is responsible for up to 90% production losses, and represent a problem worldwide economy. In order control phytopathogens, chemical fungicides extensively used. Yet, the use some artificial concerns about environmental risks fungal resistance. Therefore, studies focusing on new approaches, such as natural products, are getting attention. Co-culture strategy can be applied discover bioactive compounds understand microbial ecology. Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) was used screen potential antifungal metabolites involved in interaction between citrinum . MSI revealed warfare fungi: two tetrapeptides, deoxycitrinadin A, citrinadin chrysogenamide A tryptoquialanines produced fungi confrontation zone. Antimicrobial assays confirmed activity investigated metabolites. Also, inhibited sporulation P. The here were never described antimicrobials until this date, demonstrating co-cultures involving phytopathogens compete same host positive agents. However, these products environment, safer strategy, needs further investigation. This paper aimed contribute protection agriculture, considering health ecological risks.

Language: Английский

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Familiar Stranger

Advances in applied microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 69 - 147

Published: Jan. 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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