Microbiota Modulation of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Feb. 24, 2021

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and according to World Health Organization (WHO), date, SARS-CoV-2 has already infected more than 91.8 million people worldwide with 1,986,871 deaths. This virus affects mainly respiratory system, but gastrointestinal tract (GIT) also a target, meanwhile was detected in oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, rectum, fecal samples from patients. Prolonged GIT manifestations COVID-19, diarrhea, were correlated decreased richness diversity of gut microbiota, immune deregulation delayed clearance. So, bidirectional interactions between mucosa known as gut-lung axis, are supposed be involved healthy or pathologic responses SARS-CoV-2. In accordance, intestinal dysbiosis associated increased mortality other infections, due exacerbated inflammation regulatory anti-inflammatory mechanisms lungs gut, pointing this important relationship both mucosal compartments. Therefore, since mucous membranes tracts affected, addition inflammation, it plausible assume that adjunctive therapies based on modulation microbiota re-establishment eubiosis conditions could therapeutic approach for constraining harmful consequences COVID-19. Then, review, we summarized studies showing persistence system related digestive manifestations, literature demonstrating nasopharyngeal, pulmonary Lastly, showed potential beneficial role probiotic administration discuss possible probiotics therapy infection.

Language: Английский

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Exopolysaccharides as Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanism and Spectrum of Activity

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 19, 2021

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites synthesized and excreted by a variety of microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). EPS serve several biological functions such as interactions between their environments, protection against hostile conditions dehydration, the alleviation action toxic compounds (bile salts, hydrolyzing enzymes, lysozyme, gastric, pancreatic metal ions, antibiotics), stresses (changing pH, osmolarity), evasion immune response phage attack. Bacterial EPSs considered valuable food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical industries, owing to health-promoting benefits rheological impacts. Numerous studies have reported unusual antimicrobial activities various wide pathogenic microbes (bacteria, virus, fungi). This review aims provide comprehensive examination in vitro vivo different EPSs, mainly foodborne bacterial, fungal, viral pathogens. The mechanism these pathogens well methods used measure critically reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 8, 2021

In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and enhance animal poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in microbiota associated with diseases. The application of has other side effects like, barrier dysfunction, residues foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compromise the efficacy antibiotics. Thus, development new is necessary, while search antibiotic alternatives continues. Probiotics are considered ideal substitute; recent years, probiotic research concerning their during infections humans, aquaculture, poultry, livestock industry, emphasis on modulating immune system host, attracting considerable interest. Hence, adverse remedial probiotics infectious diseases become central points focus among researchers. live microorganisms, when given adequate quantities, confer good health host through different mechanisms. Among them, regulation response one most important A number studies investigated aspects probiotics. this review, we mainly summarize discoveries discuss two aspects: (1) infections; (2) modulatory non-infectious

Language: Английский

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Alterations in the Gut Virome in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 161(4), P. 1257 - 1269.e13

Published: June 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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A comparison of milk kefir and water kefir: Physical, chemical, microbiological and functional properties

Trends in Food Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 113, P. 42 - 53

Published: May 6, 2021

Language: Английский

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A Global Overview of Dietary Supplements: Regulation, Market Trends, Usage during the COVID-19 Pandemic, and Health Effects

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(15), P. 3320 - 3320

Published: July 26, 2023

Over the last 20 years, use of dietary supplements (DS) has continued to grow in many countries. Due public health crisis brought on by COVID-19 pandemic and amidst fears regarding vaccines their low supply regions world, there been a marked interest DS as alternative means protecting against treating this emerging disease, well boosting immune system minimizing risk inflammation. Despite lack evidence suggest efficacy, surge sales reported parts world. Questions have also raised about effects associated with due increased during crisis. Numerous scientific studies demonstrated beneficial properties some adverse even toxic effects. In addition, given current global issue, review is needed establish status before The aim summarize impact incidence pandemic, regulation market trends. First, we provide an overview DS, including comprehensive legislative regulatory aspects USA, China, EU, Algeria. Second, describe prevalence most commonly consumed efficacy prophylactic modality era COVID-19. Additionally, examine structure size countries that predominantly produce import them, its trend, growth. Finally, review, discuss profile users.

Language: Английский

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Biomaterials and Encapsulation Techniques for Probiotics: Current Status and Future Prospects in Biomedical Applications

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(15), P. 2185 - 2185

Published: July 27, 2023

Probiotics have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential advantages diverse biomedical applications, such as acting antimicrobial agents, aiding tissue repair, and treating diseases. These live bacteria must exist appropriate quantities precise locations exert beneficial effects. However, viability activity can be significantly impacted by the surrounding tissue, posing a challenge maintain stability target location for an extended duration. To counter this, researchers formulated various strategies that enhance of probiotics encapsulating them within biomaterials. This approach enables site-specific release, overcoming technical impediments encountered during processing application probiotics. A range materials utilized probiotics, several methods employed this encapsulation process. article reviews advancements encapsulated biomaterials, examining materials, methods, effects encapsulation. It also provides overview hurdles faced currently available biomaterial-based probiotic capsules suggests future research directions field. Despite progress achieved date, numerous challenges persist, necessity developing efficient, reproducible Furthermore, there is need design more robust targeted delivery vehicles.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 microbiome dysbiosis linked disorders and possible probiotics role

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 110947 - 110947

Published: Nov. 11, 2020

In December 2019, a pneumonia outbreak of unknown etiology was reported which caused panic in Wuhan city central China, later identified as Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WHO. To date, SARS-CoV-2 spread has already become global pandemic with considerable death toll. The associated symptoms COVID-19 infection varied increased inflammation an everyday pathological basis. Among various other such fever, cough, lethargy, gastrointestinal (GI) included diarrhea IBD colitis, have been reported. Currently, there is no sole cure COVID-19, researchers are actively engaged to search out appropriate treatment develop vaccine its prevention. Antiviral controlling viral load corticosteroid therapy reducing seems be inadequate control fatality rate. Based on available related literature, documented GI diarrhea, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) deaths intensive care unit (ICU), conclude that dysbiosis occurs during SARS−COV-2 gut-lung axis cannot ignored. As probiotics play therapeutic role GI, IBD, even infection. So, we assume inclusion studies investigate gut microbiome subsequent therapies might help decrease response pathogenesis respiratory strengthening host immune system, amelioration microbiome, improvement barrier function.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics: A potential immunomodulator in COVID-19 infection management

Nutrition Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 87, P. 1 - 12

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Implications of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection for neurogastroenterology

Neurogastroenterology & Motility, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(3)

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is associated with gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestation in up to one fifth of patients. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the etiologic agent COVID‐19, infects epithelial cells expressing angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE2) receptors triggering a cascade events leading mucosal systemic inflammation. Symptomatic patients display changes gut microbiota composition function which may contribute intestinal barrier dysfunction immune activation. Evidence suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection related inflammation impact on enteric nervous system activation sensory fibers conveying information central system, which, at least part, symptom generation such as vomiting diarrhea described COVID‐19. Liver pancreas dysfunctions have also been non‐respiratory complications COVID‐19 add further emphasis common view multiorgan involvement. Purpose The aim this review was highlight current knowledge pathophysiology infection, including crosstalk microbiota, fecal‐oral route virus transmission, potential interaction system. We available data liver manifestations, management, outcomes

Language: Английский

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