Larval retention and connectivity among populations of corals and reef fishes: history, advances and challenges

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 307 - 325

Published: Feb. 16, 2009

Language: Английский

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Connectivity, biodiversity conservation and the design of marine reserve networks for coral reefs

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 339 - 351

Published: March 9, 2009

Language: Английский

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Larval dispersal and movement patterns of coral reef fishes, and implications for marine reserve network design

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 90(4), P. 1215 - 1247

Published: Nov. 25, 2014

Well-designed and effectively managed networks of marine reserves can be effective tools for both fisheries management biodiversity conservation. Connectivity, the demographic linking local populations through dispersal individuals as larvae, juveniles or adults, is a key ecological factor to consider in reserve design, since it has important implications persistence metapopulations their recovery from disturbance. For protect enhance species fished areas, they must able sustain focal (particularly fishery species) within boundaries, spaced such that function mutually replenishing whilst providing recruitment subsidies areas. Thus configuration (size, spacing location) individual network should informed by larval movement patterns which protection required. In past, empirical data regarding adults many tropical have been unavailable inaccessible practitioners responsible design. Recent studies using new technologies also provided fresh insights into redefined our understanding connectivity among dispersal. Our review 34 families (210 coral reef fishes demonstrates (home ranges, ontogenetic shifts spawning migrations) vary species, are influenced range factors (e.g. size, sex, behaviour, density, habitat characteristics, season, tide time day). Some move <0.1-0.5 km damselfishes, butterflyfishes angelfishes), <0.5-3 most parrotfishes, goatfishes surgeonfishes) 3-10 large parrotfishes wrasses), while others tens hundreds some groupers, emperors, snappers jacks) thousands kilometres sharks tuna). Larval distances tend <5-15 km, self-recruitment common. Synthesising this information allows us, first time, provide specific advice on location ecosystems maximise benefits conservation taxa. We recommend that: (i) more than twice size home (in all directions), thus various sizes will required depending require protection, how far move, if other place outside reserves; (ii) <15 with smaller closely; (iii) include habitats critical life history nursery grounds, migration corridors aggregations), located accommodate these. practical use evaluate monitor effectiveness broader ecological, socioeconomic contexts.

Language: Английский

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A review of ecogeochemistry approaches to estimating movements of marine animals

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 58(2), P. 697 - 714

Published: March 1, 2013

Ecogeochemistry—the application of geochemical techniques to fundamental questions in population and community ecology—has been used animal migration studies terrestrial environments for several decades; however, the approach has received far less attention marine systems. This review includes comprehensive meta‐analyses organic zooplankton δ 13 C 15 N values at base food web, dissolved inorganic carbon values, seawater 18 O create, first time, robust isoscapes Atlantic Ocean. These present greater geographic variability multiple tracers than was previously thought, thus forming foundation reconstructions habitat use patterns organisms. We additional tracers, including trace‐element‐to‐calcium ratios heavy element stable isotopes, examine anadromous migrations. highlight value ecogeochemistry by examining case on three components connectivity: dispersal natal homing, functional connectivity, migratory connectivity. also discuss recent advances compound‐specific nitrogen isotope analyses tracking movement. A better understanding isotopic routing fractionation factors, particularly individual compound classes, is necessary realize full potential ecogeochemistry.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and coral reef connectivity

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 379 - 395

Published: Jan. 13, 2009

Language: Английский

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Reproductive Output and Duration of the Pelagic Larval Stage Determine Seascape-Wide Connectivity of Marine Populations

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 52(4), P. 525 - 537

Published: July 19, 2012

Connectivity among marine populations is critical for persistence of metapopulations, coping with climate change, and determining the geographic distribution species. The influence pelagic larval duration (PLD) on connectivity has been studied extensively, but relatively little known about other biological parameters, such as survival behavior larvae, fecundity adults, population connectivity. Furthermore, interaction between seascape (habitat structure currents) these parameters unclear. We explore interactions using a biophysical model dispersal across Indo-Pacific. describe an approach that quantifies patterns from demographically relevant to evolutionarily significant levels range predict at least 95% settlement occurs within 155 km source 13 days irrespective species’ life history, yet long-distant connections remain likely. Self-recruitment primarily driven by local oceanography, mortality, precompetency period, whereas broad-scale strongly influenced reproductive output (abundance adults) length PLD. networks we have created are geographically explicit models define corridors, barriers, emergent populations. These provide hypotheses empirical testing.

Language: Английский

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Designing Marine Reserves for Fisheries Management, Biodiversity Conservation, and Climate Change Adaptation

Coastal Management, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 42(2), P. 143 - 159

Published: Feb. 12, 2014

Overfishing and habitat destruction due to local global threats are undermining fisheries, biodiversity, the long-term sustainability of tropical marine ecosystems worldwide, including in Coral Triangle. Well-designed effectively managed reserve networks can reduce threats, contribute achieving multiple objectives regarding fisheries management, biodiversity conservation adaptation changes climate ocean chemistry. Previous studies provided advice ecological guidelines for designing reserves achieve one or two these objectives. While there many similarities guidelines, key differences that provide conflicting advice. Thus, is a need integrated practitioners who wish design all three simultaneously. Scientific advances fish connectivity recovery rates, change vulnerability, also necessitate refining design. Here we review considerations design, simultaneously regarding: representation; risk spreading; protecting critical, special unique areas; size, spacing, location, duration; resilient minimizing avoiding threats. In addition applying must be designed address social governance considerations, within broader coastal management regimes.

Language: Английский

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Beyond connectivity: how empirical methods can quantify population persistence to improve marine protected‐area design

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 257 - 270

Published: Aug. 20, 2013

Demographic connectivity is a fundamental process influencing the dynamics and persistence of spatially structured populations. Consequently, quantifying essential for properly designing networks protected areas so that they achieve their core ecological objective maintaining population persistence. Recently, many empirical studies in marine systems have provided essential, historically challenging to obtain, data on patterns larval dispersal export from (MPAs). Here, we review directly quantified origins destinations individual larvae assess those studies' relevance theory MPA design objectives. We found often do not measure or present quantities are relevant assessing persistence, even though most were motivated contextualized by applications. Persistence spatial populations, like nonspatial depends replacement, whether individuals reproduce enough lifetime replace themselves. In one needs account effect future recruitment back local through retention other pathways. The commonly reported descriptor was fraction origin (self‐recruitment). Self‐recruitment does inform persistence‐based because it arriving, leaving (local retention), contains no information replacement. Some presented matrices, which can assessments with additional knowledge survival fecundity after recruitment. collected addition could but way. describe how three pieces needed fully network MPAs: (1) fecundity, (2) proportion locally retained (or full matrix), (3) rate conclude linking provide detailed guidance empiricists practitioners field sampling presentation better informs

Language: Английский

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The current application of ecological connectivity in the design of marine protected areas

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17, P. e00569 - e00569

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an area-based conservation strategy commonly used to safeguard marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Ecological connectivity governs the exchange of individuals among spatially fragmented habitats is often highlighted as important element in design MPAs. However, degree which measured or modelled representations applied management decisions worldwide remains unclear. We reviewed scientific literature explore application MPAs located six countries regions with advanced spatial planning. Only 11% 746 we examined considered ecological criterion, increasingly so since 2007. Landscape measures such habitat linkages were most frequently by managers genetic modelling approaches scientists. Of that connectivity, 71% for state reserves California commonwealth Australia. This pattern indicates substantial geographic bias. propose incorporation planning needs become more accessible practitioners provide four recommendations together will allow scientists bridge this gap: 1. determine whether prioritize 2. identify role MPA supporting 3. appropriate temporal scale 4. improve regional knowledge patterns. also a framework facilitate communication metrics patterns between apply best available information adaptive networks

Language: Английский

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Going where traditional markers have not gone before: utility of and promise for RAD sequencing in marine invertebrate phylogeography and population genomics

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 22(11), P. 2953 - 2970

Published: March 8, 2013

Abstract Characterization of large numbers single‐nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP s) throughout a genome has the power to refine understanding population demographic history and identify genomic regions under selection in natural populations. To this end, approaches that harness next‐generation sequencing understand ecology evolution marine invertebrates represent boon test long‐standing questions biology conservation. We employed restriction‐site‐associated DNA RAD ‐seq) s populations sea anemone Nematostella vectensis , an emerging cnidarian model with broad geographic range estuarine habitats North South America, portions England. identified hundreds ‐containing tags thousands loci from 30 barcoded individuals inhabiting four locations Nova Scotia Carolina. Population analyses using high‐confidence resulted highly‐resolved phylogeography, result not achieved previous studies traditional markers. Plots locus‐specific F ST against heterozygosity suggest majority polymorphic sites are neutral, smaller proportion suggesting evidence for balancing selection. Loci inferred be were mapped genome, where 90% located gene bodies, indicating potential targets The results without reference supported similar conclusions, further highlighting ‐seq as method can efficiently applied species lacking existing resources. discuss utility burgeoning research well other species, particularly corals jellyfishes, determine phylogeographic relationships undergoing

Language: Английский

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