Lagrangian ocean analysis: Fundamentals and practices

Ocean Modelling, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 121, P. 49 - 75

Published: Nov. 24, 2017

Lagrangian analysis is a powerful way to analyse the output of ocean circulation models and other velocity data such as from altimetry. In approach, large sets virtual particles are integrated within three-dimensional, time-evolving fields. Over several decades, variety tools methods for this purpose have emerged. Here, we review state art in field data, starting fundamental kinematic framework with focus on large-scale open applications. Beyond use explicit fields, consider influence unresolved physics dynamics particle trajectories. We comprehensively list discuss currently available tracking particles. then showcase some innovative applications trajectory conclude questions an outlook. The overall goal paper reconcile different techniques analysis, while recognising rich diversity codes that continue emerge, challenges coming age petascale computing.

Language: Английский

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Larval dispersal and movement patterns of coral reef fishes, and implications for marine reserve network design

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 90(4), P. 1215 - 1247

Published: Nov. 25, 2014

Well-designed and effectively managed networks of marine reserves can be effective tools for both fisheries management biodiversity conservation. Connectivity, the demographic linking local populations through dispersal individuals as larvae, juveniles or adults, is a key ecological factor to consider in reserve design, since it has important implications persistence metapopulations their recovery from disturbance. For protect enhance species fished areas, they must able sustain focal (particularly fishery species) within boundaries, spaced such that function mutually replenishing whilst providing recruitment subsidies areas. Thus configuration (size, spacing location) individual network should informed by larval movement patterns which protection required. In past, empirical data regarding adults many tropical have been unavailable inaccessible practitioners responsible design. Recent studies using new technologies also provided fresh insights into redefined our understanding connectivity among dispersal. Our review 34 families (210 coral reef fishes demonstrates (home ranges, ontogenetic shifts spawning migrations) vary species, are influenced range factors (e.g. size, sex, behaviour, density, habitat characteristics, season, tide time day). Some move <0.1-0.5 km damselfishes, butterflyfishes angelfishes), <0.5-3 most parrotfishes, goatfishes surgeonfishes) 3-10 large parrotfishes wrasses), while others tens hundreds some groupers, emperors, snappers jacks) thousands kilometres sharks tuna). Larval distances tend <5-15 km, self-recruitment common. Synthesising this information allows us, first time, provide specific advice on location ecosystems maximise benefits conservation taxa. We recommend that: (i) more than twice size home (in all directions), thus various sizes will required depending require protection, how far move, if other place outside reserves; (ii) <15 with smaller closely; (iii) include habitats critical life history nursery grounds, migration corridors aggregations), located accommodate these. practical use evaluate monitor effectiveness broader ecological, socioeconomic contexts.

Language: Английский

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A decade of seascape genetics: contributions to basic and applied marine connectivity

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 554, P. 1 - 19

Published: June 7, 2016

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout JournalEditorsTheme Sections 554:1-19 (2016) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11792 FEATURE ARTICLE: REVIEW A decade of seascape genetics: contributions basic and applied marine connectivity Kimberly A. Selkoe1,2,3,*,**, Cassidy C. D'Aloia4,**, Eric D. Crandall5, Matthew Iacchei6, Libby Liggins7, Jonathan B. Puritz8, Sophie von der Heyden9, Robert J. Toonen1 1Hawai'i Institute Biology, University Hawai'i, Kāne'ohe, HI 97644, USA 2National Center for Ecological Analysis Synthesis, California, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, 3Bren School Environmental Science Management, 4Department & Evolutionary Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada 5School Natural Sciences, California State University, Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, 93955, 6Department Oceanography, Hawai'i at M-anoa, Honolulu, 96822, 7Institute Mathematical Massey Auckland 0745, New Zealand 8Marine Northeastern Nahant, MA 01945, 9Evolutionary Genomics Group, Department Botany Zoology, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa *Corresponding author: [email protected]**These authors contributed equally this work ABSTRACT: Seascape genetics, a term coined in 2006, is fast growing area population genetics that draws on ecology, oceanography geography address challenges understanding applications management. We provide an accessible overview latest developments merge exciting new ideas from field with statistical technical advances genetics. After summarizing historical context leading emergence we detail questions methodological approaches are evolving discipline, highlight conservation management, conclude summary field's transition genomics. From genetic studies, assess trends taxonomic geographic coverage, sampling design, dominant drivers. Notably, temperature, show equal prevalence influence spatial patterns, tests over 20 other factors suggest variety forces impact distinct spatio-temporal scales. level rigor analysis critical disentangling multiple drivers spurious effects. Coupled GIS data genomic scale sequencing methods, taking beyond initial focus identifying correlations hypothesis-driven insights into patterns processes adaptation. The studies illuminating differences between demographic, functional neutral connectivity, informing reserve fisheries science strategies resilience climate change anthropogenic impacts. KEY WORDS: · Connectivity Gene flow Dispersal Landscape Full text pdf format Supplementary material NextCite article as: Selkoe KA, D'Aloia CC, Crandall ED, Iacchei M others connectivity. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 554:1-19. Export citation Tweet linkedIn Cited by Published Vol. 554. Online publication date: July 28, 2016 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; 1616-1599 Copyright © Inter-Research.

Language: Английский

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The current application of ecological connectivity in the design of marine protected areas

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17, P. e00569 - e00569

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an area-based conservation strategy commonly used to safeguard marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Ecological connectivity governs the exchange of individuals among spatially fragmented habitats is often highlighted as important element in design MPAs. However, degree which measured or modelled representations applied management decisions worldwide remains unclear. We reviewed scientific literature explore application MPAs located six countries regions with advanced spatial planning. Only 11% 746 we examined considered ecological criterion, increasingly so since 2007. Landscape measures such habitat linkages were most frequently by managers genetic modelling approaches scientists. Of that connectivity, 71% for state reserves California commonwealth Australia. This pattern indicates substantial geographic bias. propose incorporation planning needs become more accessible practitioners provide four recommendations together will allow scientists bridge this gap: 1. determine whether prioritize 2. identify role MPA supporting 3. appropriate temporal scale 4. improve regional knowledge patterns. also a framework facilitate communication metrics patterns between apply best available information adaptive networks

Language: Английский

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Estimating dispersal distance in the deep sea: challenges and applications to marine reserves

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Feb. 13, 2015

Population connectivity refers to the exchange of individuals among populations: it affects gene flow, regulates population size and function, mitigates recovery from natural or anthropogenic disturbances. Many populations in deep sea are spatially fragmented, will become more so with increasing resource exploitation. Understanding is critical for spatial management. For most benthic species, achieved by planktonic larval stage, dispersal is, turn, regulated complex interactions between biological oceanographic processes. Coupled biophysical models, incorporating ocean circulation traits, such as duration (PLD), have been used estimate generate management plans coastal shallow waters. In sea, knowledge gaps both physical components delaying effective use this approach. Here, we review current efforts conservation evaluate (1) relevance using design marine protected areas (2) application models study connectivity. Within PLD can be distance. We propose that a guarantees minimum distance wide range species should planning sea. Based on data found at depths > 200 m, 35 69 days ensures 50% 75%, respectively, eurybathic deep-sea species. note required enhance accuracy address high variability within taxonomic groups, limiting generalizations often appealing decision-makers. Given imminent expansion exploitation relevant needed urgently.

Language: Английский

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When is dispersal for dispersal? Unifying marine and terrestrial perspectives

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 91(3), P. 867 - 882

Published: June 26, 2015

ABSTRACT Recent syntheses on the evolutionary causes of dispersal have focused as a direct adaptation, but many traits that influence other functions, raising question: when is ‘for’ dispersal? We review and critically evaluate ecological selection give rise to in marine terrestrial organisms. In sea, passive relatively easy specific morphological, behavioural, physiological adaptations for are rare. Instead, there may often be limit dispersal. On land, difficult without adaptations, which common. Although expected both systems leading linked fitness, differ extent nature arises from or by‐product with functions. Our analysis highlights incompleteness theories assume simple relationship between not just insofar they ignore vast array taxa realm, also because missing important effects influencing all realms.

Language: Английский

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The central importance of ecological spatial connectivity to effective coastal marine protected areas and to meeting the challenges of climate change in the marine environment

Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 27(S1), P. 6 - 29

Published: Sept. 1, 2017

Abstract The several forms of ecological spatial connectivity – population, genetic, community, ecosystem are among the most important processes in determining distribution, persistence and productivity coastal marine populations ecosystems. Ecological protected areas (MPAs) focus on restoring or maintaining populations, communities, All MPAs no matter their specific objectives depend for success incorporating into design, use (i.e. application), management. Though important, a synthesis implications use, management MPAs, especially face changing global climate, does not exist. We synthesize this information distill it practical principles networks MPAs. High population distant ecosystems underscores critical value MPA between them. importance protecting multiple connected within an MPA, maximizing across managing outside so as to minimize influxes detrimental organisms materials Connectivity‐informed designed managed foster local species, can best address changes induced by climate change. Also, protections afforded from direct, human impacts may ameliorate change inside and, indirectly,

Language: Английский

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Integrating multiple species connectivity and habitat quality into conservation planning for coral reefs

Ecography, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 39(7), P. 649 - 664

Published: Aug. 8, 2015

Incorporating connectivity into the design of marine protected areas (MPAs) has met with conceptual, theoretical, and practical challenges, which include: 1) need to consider for multiple species different dispersal abilities, 2) role played by variable habitat quality in determining spatial patterns connectivity. We propose an innovative approach, combining biophysical modeling a routinely‐used tool marine‐reserve (Marxan), address both challenges using ecologically‐informed parameters. showed how functional demographic four candidate reef‐associated varying abilities suite metrics weighted can be used set conservation objectives inform MPA placement. Overall, strength barriers varied across modeled and, also species, we found lack concordance reefs that were high‐quality sources, self‐persistent, stepping‐stones. Including spatially‐heterogeneous made considerable difference patterns, significantly reducing potential reproductive output from many reefs. caution is needed data multi‐species matrices, do not perform reliably as surrogates all individual species. then restricting available inequitable impact on greatest betweenness centrality long‐distance dispersers. Brazilian coral case study but our approach applicable terrestrial planning, offers holistic way functionally‐connected reserves tackle complex issues relevant planning persistence.

Language: Английский

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Ten principles from evolutionary ecology essential for effective marine conservation

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6(7), P. 2125 - 2138

Published: Feb. 28, 2016

Abstract Sustainably managing marine species is crucial for the future health of human population. Yet there are diverse perspectives concerning which can be exploited sustainably, and how best to do so. Motivated by recent debates in published literature over conservation challenges, we review ten principles connecting life‐history traits, population growth rate, density‐dependent regulation. We introduce a framework categorizing life histories, POSE (Precocial–Opportunistic–Survivor–Episodic), illustrates species’ traits determine population's compensatory capacity. show why considering evolutionary context that has shaped histories sustainable management. then work connects our specific opportunities where used improve current practices.

Language: Английский

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Larval fish dispersal in a coral-reef seascape

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 1(6)

Published: May 8, 2017

Language: Английский

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