Role of Gut Microbiota-Generated Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health

Current Nutrition Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 198 - 206

Published: Sept. 27, 2018

This review assesses the latest evidence linking short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with host metabolic health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk presents on possible biological mechanisms. SCFA have a range of effects locally in gut at both splanchnic peripheral tissues which together appear to induce improved regulation direct indirect markers CVD risk. produced primarily from microbial fermentation dietary fibre be key mediators beneficial elicited by microbiome. Not only does regulate activity gut, also directly modulate through tissue-specific mechanisms related barrier function, glucose homeostasis, immunomodulation, appetite obesity. With increasing burden obesity worldwide, role for microbiota-generated protecting against energy dense diets offers an intriguing new avenue regulating

Language: Английский

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The role of short-chain fatty acids in intestinal barrier function, inflammation, oxidative stress, and colonic carcinogenesis

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 105420 - 105420

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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All disease begins in the (leaky) gut: role of zonulin-mediated gut permeability in the pathogenesis of some chronic inflammatory diseases

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 69 - 69

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

Improved hygiene leading to reduced exposure microorganisms has been implicated as one possible cause for the recent “epidemic” of chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) in industrialized countries. That is essence hypothesis that argues rising incidence CIDs may be, at least part, result lifestyle and environmental changes have made us too “clean” our own good, so causing microbiota. Apart from genetic makeup triggers, inappropriate increase intestinal permeability (which be influenced by composition gut microbiota), a “hyper-belligerent” immune system responsible tolerance–immune response balance, microbiome its epigenetic influence on host genomic expression identified three additional elements CIDs. During past decade, growing number publications focused human genetics, microbiome, proteomics, suggesting loss mucosal barrier function, particularly gastrointestinal tract, substantially affect antigen trafficking, ultimately influencing close bidirectional interaction between system. This cross-talk highly influential shaping function shifting predisposition clinical outcome. observation led re-visitation causes epidemics, key pathogenic role permeability. Pre-clinical studies shown zonulin family, group proteins modulating permeability, variety CIDs, including autoimmune, infective, metabolic, tumoral diseases. These data offer novel therapeutic targets which pathway their pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

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From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 20, 2021

Feelings of hunger and satiety are the key determinants for maintaining life humans animals. Disturbed appetite control may disrupt metabolic health host cause various disorders. A variety factors have been implicated in control, including gut microbiota, which develop intricate interactions to manipulate requirements hedonic feelings. Gut microbial metabolites components act as appetite-related signaling molecules regulate hormone secretion immune system, or directly on hypothalamic neurons. Herein, we summarize effects microbiota consider potential molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, propose that manipulation represents a clinical therapeutic lessening development consequence Video abstract.

Language: Английский

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Diet, inflammation and the gut microbiome: Mechanisms for obesity-associated cognitive impairment

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1866(6), P. 165767 - 165767

Published: March 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neuropsychiatric disorders

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 293 - 305

Published: July 12, 2020

The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional signaling mechanism between the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. complexity of intestinal ecosystem extraordinary; it comprises more than 100 trillion microbial cells that inhabit small large intestine, this interaction microbiota epithelium can cause physiological changes in brain influence mood behavior. Currently, there has been an emphasis on how such interactions affect mental health. Evidence indicates are involved neurological psychiatric disorders. This review covers evidence for gut behavior Alzheimer disease, dementia, anxiety, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar major depressive Parkinson's schizophrenia. primary focus pathways metabolites origin, including short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, bacterial components activate host's immune We also list clinical regarding prebiotics, probiotics, fecal transplantation as adjuvant therapies neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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Effects of dietary components on intestinal permeability in health and disease

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 319(5), P. G589 - G608

Published: Sept. 9, 2020

Altered intestinal permeability plays a role in many pathological conditions. Intestinal is component of the barrier. This barrier dynamic interface between body and food pathogens that enter gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, dietary components can directly affect this interface, metabolites produced by host enzymes or gut microbiota act as signaling molecules exert direct effects on Our aim was to examine diet health disease states. Herein, we conducted an in-depth PubMed search based specific key words (diet, permeability, barrier, health, disease, disorder), well cross references from those articles. The normal consists multiple lumen, epithelial cell layer lamina propria. Diverse methods are available measure permeability. We focus predominantly human vivo studies, literature reviewed identify factors decrease (e.g., emulsifiers, surfactants, alcohol) increase fiber, short-chain fatty acids, glutamine, vitamin D) integrity. Effects these items states, such metabolic syndrome, liver colitis documented examples dysfunction multifactorial diseases. function associated with precise mechanisms some instances; further research has potential clarify interventions treating diverse pathologic

Language: Английский

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Fueling Gut Microbes: A Review of the Interaction between Diet, Exercise, and the Gut Microbiota in Athletes

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 2190 - 2215

Published: May 28, 2021

The athlete's goal is to optimize their performance. Towards this end, nutrition has been used improve the health of athletes' brains, bones, muscles, and cardiovascular system. However, recent research suggests that gut its resident microbiota may also play a role in athlete Therefore, athletes should consider dietary strategies context potential effects on microbiota, including impact sports-centric (e.g., protein supplements, carbohydrate loading) as well gut-centric probiotics, prebiotics) This review provides an overview interaction between diet, exercise, focusing both athletic Current evidence could, theory, contribute intake performance by influencing microbial metabolite production, gastrointestinal physiology, immune modulation. Common such high simple intake, low fiber food avoidance adversely and, turn, Conversely, adequate fiber, variety sources, emphasis unsaturated fats, especially omega-3 (ɷ-3) fatty acids, addition consumption prebiotics, synbiotics, have shown promising results optimizing Ultimately, while emerging area research, more studies are needed incorporate, control, manipulate all 3 these elements (i.e., microbiome) provide recommendations for how "fuel microbes."

Language: Английский

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Protective Effects of Natural Polysaccharides on Intestinal Barrier Injury: A Review

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 70(3), P. 711 - 735

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Owing to their minimal side effects and effective protection from oxidative stress, inflammation, malignant growth, natural polysaccharides (NPs) are a potential adjuvant therapy for several diseases caused by intestinal barrier injury (IBI). More studies accumulating on the protective of NPs with respect IBI, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, this review aims represent current that investigate IBI directly maintaining epithelial integrity (inhibiting regulating inflammatory cytokine expression, increasing tight junction protein expression) indirectly immunity microbiota. Furthermore, development briefly introduced, structure–activity relationships discussed. Potential developments challenges associated exhibiting against have also been highlighted guide application in treatment IBI.

Language: Английский

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Physical activity induced alterations of gut microbiota in humans: a systematic review

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 7, 2022

Abstract Background Gut microbiota is considered to have a great impact on human health and disease. While it widely recognized that the gut of healthy individuals differs from those with obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, other chronic diseases, alterations physical activity are not fully understood. Accordingly, we performed this systematic review address question regarding effects mild intense exercise in humans. Methods The comparative analyses were conducted following PRISMA protocol determine differences active vs. non-active (phenotypes) ( n = 11), including influence intervention 13); athletes non-athletes 8); status at different stages athletic performance or 7), various activities, sport disciplines, duration. Literature searches completed using four databases: PubMed, Web Science, Scopus, EBSCO, 2090 articles retrieved by appropriate keywords. low heterogeneity studies hasn’t allowed us prepare meta-analysis. After excluding 2052 articles, ultimately selected 38 met eligibility criteria for review. Results data revealed rising markedly influenced relative abundance short-chain fatty acid (SCFA). Aerobic training lasted 60 min, characterized 60% HRmax more also beta diversity indexes. results showed harbor diverse type intestinal microflora than non-athletes, but relatively reduced SCFA- lactic acid-producing bacteria, thereby suggesting an adverse effect population microbiota. Conclusion It concluded level modulates gastrointestinal For long period, increasing intensity volume may lead dysbiosis. Perhaps, proper supplementation should be keep large biodiversity richness, especially under unfavorable conditions associated exercise. Trial registration Prospero CRD42021264064.

Language: Английский

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