Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Implications on Immune Escape, Vaccination, Therapeutic and Diagnostic Strategies

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 944 - 944

Published: April 10, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a lower fatality rate than its SARS and MERS counterparts. However, the rapid evolution of has given rise to multiple variants varying pathogenicity transmissibility, such as Delta Omicron variants. Individuals advanced age or underlying comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes cardiovascular diseases, are at higher risk increased disease severity. Hence, this resulted in an urgent need for development better therapeutic preventive approaches. This review describes origin human coronaviruses, particularly well sub-variants. Risk factors that contribute severity implications co-infections also considered. In addition, various antiviral strategies against COVID-19, novel repurposed drugs targeting viral host proteins, immunotherapeutic strategies, discussed. We critically evaluate current emerging vaccines their efficacy, immune evasion new impact on diagnostic testing examined. Collectively, global research public health authorities, along all sectors society, prepare upcoming future coronavirus outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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The COVID-19 inflammation and high mortality mechanism trigger

Immunogenetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 76(1), P. 15 - 25

Published: Dec. 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Transformation of peptides to small molecules in medicinal chemistry: Challenges and opportunities

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 4243 - 4265

Published: June 25, 2024

Peptides are native binders involved in numerous physiological life procedures, such as cellular signaling, and serve ready-made regulators of biochemical processes. Meanwhile, small molecules compose many drugs owing to their outstanding advantages physiochemical properties synthetic convenience. A novel field research is converting peptides into molecules, providing a convenient portable solution for drug design or peptidomic research. Endowing onto can evolutionarily combine the both moieties improve biological druggability molecules. Herein, we present eight representative recent cases this conversion elaborate on transformation process each case. We discuss innovative technological methods approaches involved, analyze applicability conditions case, guiding further modifications Finally, based aforementioned cases, summarize general procedure peptide-to-small molecule modifications, listing available step our insights applicable scenarios these methods. This review aims progress propose thoughts perspectives future field.

Language: Английский

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Scent of COVID-19: Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis Reveals the Role of ACE2, IFI44, and NDUFAF4 in Long-Lasting Olfactory Dysfunction

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 56 - 56

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

COVID-19-related persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) presents remarkable interindividual differences, and little is known about the host genetic factors that are involved in its etiopathogenesis. The goal of this study was to explore underpinning OD through analysis Whole Genome Sequencing data 153 affected subjects, focusing on genes antiviral response regulation. An innovative approach developed, namely assessment association between a "gene score", defined as ratio number homozygous alternative variants within gene length, participants' function. highlighted how an increased score ACE2 associated with worse performance, while IFI44 NDUFAF4 better Considering physiological role proteins encoded by these genes, it can be hypothesized reduced expression may protracted severe inflammatory epithelium, thus worsening patients' smell abilities. Conversely, might decreased response, correlating performance. Overall, identified new play pivotal determining heterogeneity, possibly enabling more personalized effective clinical management for individuals.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Oral Lesions, Dysgeusia and Osteonecrosis Related to COVID-19: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 1267 - 1267

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Background/Objectives: The oral cavity has garnered increasing attention as a site for viral infection and related pathological manifestations in coronavirus disease-19. This article aims to provide comprehensive overview of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome 2)-related manifestations, including taste disturbances, lesions osteonecrosis. Methods: A search was conducted up September 2024 according PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews) guidelines using the databases PubMed Scopus. All observational, case-series, case-report cross-sectional studies written English on COVID-19 disease long-COVID were included. other types based manifestation after vaccination impairment due lockdown excluded. risk bias included assessed Joanna Briggs Appraisal checklist. Results: total 104 articles 23 case-report, 15 8 case-control, 18 cohort 40 selected. results showed that patients with found have significantly higher prevalence xerostomia (45-74%) dysgeusia (32-59%) compared non-infected individuals. Regarding mucosal lesions, ulcers, candidiasis herpes simplex infections frequently observed. As osteonecrosis, significant number COVID-19-associated rhinomaxillary mucormycosis presented maxillary osteonecrosis fungal infection, primarily mucormycosis. methodological quality most moderate/high. Conclusions: been associated range manifestations. complex interplay immune response, medication use stress likely contributes these complications. Early recognition management are crucial improving patient outcomes developing targeted preventive therapeutic strategies COVID-19-related health issues.

Language: Английский

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Decoding prognostic factors in SARS-CoV-2 complications among patients with hematological disorders

Clinics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 80, P. 100625 - 100625

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Within the intricate tapestry of global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this study delves into interplay clinical data to elucidate prognostic factors associated with complications in patients concomitantly afflicted hematological disorders and SARS-CoV-2. An exhaustive analysis 71 individuals, spanning period from November 2022 March 2023, aims unveil distinctive characteristics explicate nuanced determinants steering trajectory disease. The updated findings reveal a multi-faceted correlation, underscoring complex parameters. Among individuals disorders, anomalously elevated ferritin levels are closely development pneumonia, while interferon-γ is intricately linked severity Conversely, levels, increased D-dimer fibrin degradation products, along significantly iron manifest significant association patient mortality. Intriguingly, those complete hematologic remission confront an augmented risk developing abstaining anti-tumor treatments exhibit mitigated case severity. This unveils impacting prognosis disorders. cognizance aberrant activation associations ferritin, coagulation markers contributes more holistic comprehension landscape.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID: Identification, Management, and Holistic Support

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Granuloma annulare following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: a new case and review of the literature

JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal Exploration of Cortical Brain Activity in Cognitive Fog: An EEG Study in Patients with and without Anosmia

Journal of Integrative Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(5)

Published: May 20, 2024

Background: Long-Covid, characterized by persistent symptoms following acute Covid-19 infection, represents a complex challenge for the scientific community. Among most common and debilitating manifestations, cognitive fog is neurological disorder mental confusion difficulties. In this study, we investigated long-term effects of previous infection on cortical brain activity in patients experiencing medium long term. Methods: A total 40 subjects (20 females 20 males) aged between 45 70 years (mean age (M) = 59.78, standard deviation (SD) 12.93) participated study. This sample included individuals with fog, both without anosmia, control group comprised healthy subjects. All electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected two sessions, 1 month 8 months after recovery from Covid-19, to measure neurophysiological parameters P300 beta band rhythms. Results: The results revealed significant differences rhythms affected these alterations persist even Covid-19. Interestingly, no observed participants anosmia associated fog. Conclusions: These findings provide contribution understanding have important implications future interventions aimed at managing treating symptoms. longitudinal assessment helps highlight impact virus health Long-Covid patients.

Language: Английский

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and inflammatory cytokines in saliva-a pilot study

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 267 - 271

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to have a profound effect worldwide. However, COVID-19 induced oral facial manifestations not been fully described. We conducted prospective study demonstrate feasibility of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and inflammatory cytokine detection in saliva. Our primary objective was determine whether PCR positive patients with xerostomia or loss taste had altered serum saliva levels compared without those symptoms. secondary the correlation between antibody levels.

Language: Английский

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