A High-Sugar Diet Consumption, Metabolism and Health Impacts with a Focus on the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Narrative Review DOI Open Access
Kacper Witek,

Karolina Wydra,

Małgorzata Filip

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(14), P. 2940 - 2940

Published: July 18, 2022

Carbohydrates are important macronutrients in human and rodent diet patterns that play a key role crucial metabolic pathways provide the necessary energy for proper body functioning. Sugar homeostasis intake require complex hormonal nervous control to balance. Added sugar processed food results metabolic, cardiovascular, disorders. Epidemiological reports have shown enhanced consumption of sweet products children adults, especially reproductive age pregnant women, which can lead susceptibility offspring's health diseases early life or adulthood proneness mental In this review, we discuss impacts high-sugar (HSD) during perinatal and/or postnatal periods on neural behavioural disturbances as well development substance use disorder (SUD). Since several emotional recognized predictors SUD, also present how HSD enhances impulsive behaviour, stress, anxiety depression. Apart from influence these mood disturbances, added render addiction. Both addictive substances change sensitivity brain rewarding neurotransmission signalling. The collected studies could be assessing intake, via maternal dietary patterns, clinical perspective SUD prevention pre-existing Methodology: This narrative review focuses roles foods glucose fructose (SUD) drugs abuse. literature was reviewed by two authors independently according topic review. We searched PubMed Scopus databases Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute open access scientific journals using following keyword search strategy depending theme chapter: "high-sugar diet" OR "high-carbohydrate "sugar" "glucose" "fructose" "added sugar" AND keywords. excluded inaccessible pay-walled articles, abstracts, conference papers, editorials, letters, commentary, short notes. Reviews, experimental studies, epidemiological data, published since 1990s, were chapter structure. After search, all duplicates thrown out full texts read, findings rescreened. selection process, appropriate papers included

Language: Английский

Neuroprotective Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors DOI Creative Commons
Agnieszka Pawlos, Marlena Broncel, Ewelina Woźniak

et al.

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(23), P. 7213 - 7213

Published: Nov. 28, 2021

Patients with diabetes are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and cognitive impairment. SGLT2 inhibitors (Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Ertugliflozin, Sotagliflozin) newer hypoglycemic agents many pleiotropic effects. In this review, we discuss their neuroprotective potential. (SGLT2i) lipid-soluble reach the brain/serum ratio from 0.3 to 0.5. SGLT receptors present in central nervous system (CNS). Flozins not fully SGLT2-selective have an affinity for SGLT1 receptor, which is associated protection against ischemia/reperfusion brain damage. SGLT2i show anti-inflammatory anti-atherosclerotic effect, including reduction proinflammatory cytokines, M2 macrophage polarization, JAK2/STAT1 NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition, as well cIMT regression. They also mitigate oxidative stress. improve endothelial function, prevent remodeling exert a protective effect on neurovascular unit, blood-brain barrier, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes. able inhibit AChE, contributes improvement. Empagliflozin significantly increases level cerebral BDNF, modulates neurotransmission ensures growth, survival, plasticity neurons. Moreover, they may be restore circadian rhythm mTOR activation, quite novel finding field research metabolic great potential protect atherosclerosis impairment patients type 2 mellitus.

Language: Английский

Citations

175
Astrocyte energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease: Integration of the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle DOI
Jens V. Andersen, Arne Schousboe, Alexei Verkhratsky

et al.

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 217, P. 102331 - 102331

Published: July 21, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

157
Energy matters: presynaptic metabolism and the maintenance of synaptic transmission DOI
Sunan Li, Zu‐Hang Sheng

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 4 - 22

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

139
Current Strategies to Enhance Delivery of Drugs across the Blood–Brain Barrier DOI Creative Commons
Raluca Ioana Teleanu, Manuela Daniela Preda, Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu

et al.

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 987 - 987

Published: May 4, 2022

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) has shown to be a significant obstacle brain medication delivery. BBB in healthy is diffusion that prevents most substances from passing the blood brain; only tiny molecules can pass across BBB. disturbed specific pathological illnesses such as stroke, diabetes, seizures, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. goal of this study offer general overview current delivery techniques associated topics last five years. It anticipated review will stimulate readers look into new ways deliver medications brain. Following an introduction construction function both conditions, revisits certain contested questions, whether nanoparticles may cross on their own if are selectively delivered by deliberately targeted nanoparticles. Current non-nanoparticle options also discussed, including drug via permeable under circumstances use non-invasive approaches improve absorption.

Language: Английский

Citations

115
Intranasal Insulin for Alzheimer’s Disease DOI Creative Commons
Manfred Hallschmid

CNS Drugs, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 21 - 37

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Brain insulin signaling contributes to memory function and might be a viable target in the prevention treatment of impairments including Alzheimer's disease. This short narrative review explores potential central nervous system (CNS) administration via intranasal pathway improve performance health disease, with focus on most recent results. Proof-of-concept studies (pilot) clinical trials individuals mild cognitive impairment or disease indicate that acute prolonged enhances performance, suggest brain resistance is pathophysiological factor without concomitant metabolic dysfunction. Intranasally administered assumed trigger improvements synaptic plasticity regional glucose uptake as well alleviations neuropathology; additional contributions changes hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity sleep-related mechanisms are discussed. While delivery has been conclusively demonstrated effective safe, outcomes large-scale underline need for further investigations, which also yield new insights into sex differences response contribute optimization devices grasp full

Language: Английский

Citations

112
Cognitive impairment and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focus of SGLT2 inhibitors treatment DOI Creative Commons
Maria Rosaria Rizzo, Irene Di Meo, Rita Polito

et al.

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 106062 - 106062

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Gliflozins are a novel class of oral anti-diabetic drugs, acting as inhibitors sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) through the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and intestinal epithelium. The 2 (SGLT2) mainly expressed in S1 S2 segments tubule kidneys. Clinical guidelines recommend their use especially Type Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with vascular complications and/or heart failure highlighting importance co-transporter (SGLT2i) pleiotropic effects. Interestingly, cognitive decline is widely recognized complication T2DM and, addition, to clarify its pathophysiology, there an urgent need understand how if diabetes therapies can control diabetes-related dysfunction. At time, although SGLT2 proteins present Central Nervous System (CNS), SGLT2i effects on impairments remain partly unknown. In pre-clinical studies, ameliorates dysfunction obese mice, reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation improving neuronal plasticity mitochondrial brain pathway. could bring back mTOR physiological state activation, stopping neurodegenerative diseases' onset or progression. Instead, clinical studies T2DM-related treated by much more limited. For these reasons, further needed better elucidate therapy affect decline. this scenario, review aims summarize knowledge role stimulate new trials.

Language: Английский

Citations

109
Blood–Brain Barrier Breakdown in Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms and Targeted Strategies DOI Open Access
Amer E. Alkhalifa,

Nour F. Al-Ghraiybah,

Julia Odum

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(22), P. 16288 - 16288

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique and selective feature of the central nervous system's vasculature. BBB dysfunction has been observed as an early sign Alzheimer's Disease (AD) before onset dementia or neurodegeneration. intricate relationship between pathogenesis AD, especially in context neurovascular coupling overlap pathophysiology neurodegenerative cerebrovascular diseases, underscores urgency to understand BBB's role more deeply. Preserving restoring function emerges potentially promising strategy for mitigating progression severity AD. Molecular genetic changes, such isoform ε4 apolipoprotein E (ApoEε4), significant risk factor promoter dysfunction, have shown mediate disruption. Additionally, receptors transporters like low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), receptor advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) implicated AD's pathogenesis. In this comprehensive review, we endeavor shed light on pathogenic therapeutic connections AD BBB. We also delve into latest developments pioneering strategies targeting interventions, addressing its potential carrier. By providing integrative perspective, anticipate paving way future research treatments focused exploiting therapy.

Language: Английский

Citations

67
Semaglutide ameliorates cognition and glucose metabolism dysfunction in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via the GLP-1R/SIRT1/GLUT4 pathway DOI
Zhaojun Wang, Xinru Li,

Shi-Fan Chai

et al.

Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 109716 - 109716

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Astrocyte metabolism and signaling pathways in the CNS DOI Creative Commons
Yong-Mei Zhang, Yingbei Qi,

Ya-nan Gao

et al.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Astrocytes comprise half of the cells in central nervous system and play a critical role maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic dysfunction astrocytes has been indicated as primary cause neurological diseases, such depression, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy. Although functionalities are well known, their relationship to disorders is poorly understood. The ways which regulate metabolism glucose, amino acids, lipids have all implicated diseases. Metabolism also exhibited significant influence on neuron functionality brain’s neuro-network. In this review, we focused processes present astrocytes, most notably glucose pathway, fatty acid amino-acid pathway. For metabolism, glycolysis pentose-phosphate oxidative phosphorylation followed oxidation, ketone body sphingolipid metabolism. summarized neurotransmitter serine kynurenine pathways. This review will provide an overview functional changes astrocyte overall perspective current treatment therapy for disorders.

Language: Английский

Citations

47
Energy metabolism in health and diseases DOI Creative Commons
Hui Liu, Shuo Wang, Jianhua Wang

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

8