Unveiling the Global Surge of Mpox (Monkeypox): A comprehensive review of current evidence

The Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 100141 - 100141

Published: Aug. 17, 2024

Monkeypox, now named mpox, has emerged as a significant public threat, evidenced by the 2022 outbreak affecting over seventy countries globally. This infectious disease presents debilitating symptoms, including painful skin rashes, mucosal lesions, enlarged lymph nodes, and fever. The situation intensifies with concerns about novel transmission route, specifically through sexual contact, evolution of more transmissible strains. Complicating matters further is documented spillback mpox from humans to animals, raising potential for new animal reservoirs. study utilized systematic approach gather, analyse, interpret data regarding global outbreaks, phylogenomics, human APOBEC3 enzyme activity, antiviral resistance issues, application One Health intervention. Emphasizing covers various aspects, zoonotic origins, pathogenesis, changing epidemiological landscapes, phylogenomic diversity, clade dynamics. review underscores crucial role collaboration in understanding combatting making it valuable resource shaping effective prevention control measures on scale.

Language: Английский

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Challenges in clinical diagnosis of Clade I Mpox: Highlighting the need for enhanced diagnostic approaches

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(6), P. e0012087 - e0012087

Published: June 24, 2024

Background Due to limited diagnostic capacity and availability of point-of-care tests, diagnosis Clade I mpox in the geographical regions most affected is usually on clinical grounds. This may be complicated due similarity between varicella (chickenpox) lesions. Visual assessment lesions also used for determining progress assess patient outcomes trials. However, there has been no investigation into whether clinicians can (i) identify compared other viral (ii) differentiate lesion stages. Methodology/Principle findings The objective this study was evaluate inter-rater reliability agreement assessing patients with mpox. We presented experienced 17 images or asked them independently indicate likely diagnosis–mpox varicella–and categorise according their stage. When selecting diagnosis, accuracy varied across all images, poor (κ = 0.223; z 10.1) moderate (P o 68%). categorising type, if a single type present image, 0.671, 40.6) good 78%), but when multiple types were shown an both 0.153, 10.5) 29%) decreased substantially. Conclusions demonstrates that are presently limitations using visual diagnose stage treatment outcomes, which have impact practice, public health More robust indicators tools required inform clinical, public-health, research priorities, these must implementable countries by

Language: Английский

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Prediction of potential public health risk of the recent multicountry monkeypox outbreak: An update after the end declaration of global public health emergency

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(6)

Published: May 29, 2024

Abstract Background and Aims A double‐stranded DNA virus called monkeypox (MPV) belonging to the Poxviridae family Orthopoxvirus genus causes (mpox) infection. This used infect only Central, East, West Africa. However, it has spread an extent outside Africa recently. The range of MPV outbreaks was so high that on July 23, 2022, World Health Organization (WHO) declared a Public Emergency International Concern (PHEIC). About year later, WHO notified end global public health emergency for mpox May 11, 2023. Here, we aimed assess current pathogenicity potential risk causing emergencies. Methods We searched information from published articles available in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect. monkeypox, mpox, outbreak, as keywords during literature search. Results Many new variants have emerged throughout world created PHEIC mpox. Considering low lethality transmission rate, is no longer threat. In addition, availability therapeutic preventive measures helped healthcare authorities fight infection efficient manner. this review, portrayed history evolution past present idea its future outcomes. Also, discussed symptoms related approved antiviral treatment strategies off piece. review also emphasized guidelines set by patients, caregivers, providers control outbreak Conclusion believe article would give about threats recent multi‐country taking accordingly.

Language: Английский

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Mpox 2024: New variant, new challenges, and the looming pandemic

Clinical Infection in Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100394 - 100394

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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A Review of the Molecular Understanding of the Mpox Virus (MPXV): Genomics, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic Targets

Zoonotic Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 3 - 3

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

The Mpox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic pathogen from the Orthopoxvirus genus, has emerged as significant global public health concern, especially after unprecedented outbreak in 2022. This review synthesizes MPXV’s molecular features, focusing on its genomic structure, replication mechanisms, immune evasion strategies, and implications for diagnostics therapeutics. study examines virus’s organization utilizing recent peer-reviewed literature, highlighting essential genes like OPG027 D1L, which contribute to host adaptation, increased transmissibility, evasion. Advances diagnostics, including real-time PCR genome sequencing, are reviewed, emphasizing their critical role monitoring control. However, challenges persist, such diagnostic limitations resource-constrained settings lack of targeted vaccines antivirals. discusses new antiviral candidates, confirmed through computational vitro techniques, identifying thymidine kinase VP39 key therapeutic targets. Emphasizing need surveillance track adaptive evolution, results show that particular mutations, D1L genes, increase transmissibility MPXV. These revelations highlight urgent necessity better catered towards addressing present constraints developing focused treatments reduce effect virus. emphasizes how these underscore combined plans handle changing MPXV epidemiology properly.

Language: Английский

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Mpox Virus as a Global Public Health Emergency: A Scoping Review

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The monkeypox (Mpox) virus has emerged as a global public health emergency of international concern recently. that was endemic in West and Central Africa now been reported with chains transmission to several countries. A scoping review carried out from the relevant literature available PubMed, Scopus Web Science. This comprehensive analysis describes epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications including secondary bacterial infections, diagnosis, treatment vaccination. article underscores significance key viral immune mediators infection discusses updated recommendations on therapeutic strategies

Language: Английский

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Interdisciplinary Approach to Monkeypox Prevention: Integrating Nanobiosensors, Nanovaccines, Artificial Intelligence, Visual Arts, and Social Sciences

Small Structures, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

To effectively address crisis emergence of new virus such as monkeypox, a collective and collaborative effort between scientists, engineers, innovators, artists from all ages, regions, diverse fields is required. This review explores holistic approach to addressing the monkeypox by integrating nanobiosensors, artificial intelligence, visual arts, humanities, social sciences. Traditional diagnostic methods are often limited time, accessibility, accuracy, but advancement point‐of‐care smart nanobiosensors offers promising shift toward rapid, precise, accessible diagnostics. They enhance ability screen, diagnose, monitor infections efficiently, contributing better disease management. Beyond technological innovation, essential role sciences in fostering public engagement, understanding, acceptance tools emphasized. Visual arts can illustrate scientific concepts, making them more relatable, while storytelling through various media reduce stigma promote preventive measures. Social provide insights into cultural attitudes, behaviors, health challenges, ensuring that solutions integrated communities. By combining these disciplines, this presents comprehensive framework for resilient global system aligns with One Health principles, emphasizing interconnectedness human, animal, environmental health.

Language: Английский

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The Resurgence of Monkeypox: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Public Health Implications in the Post-Smallpox Eradication Era

New Microbes and New Infections, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 101487 - 101487

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Analytical and clinical evaluation of a novel real-time PCR-based detection kit for Mpox virus

Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 213(1)

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Abstract Outbreaks of emerging diseases, like Mpox in 2022, pose unprecedented challenges to global healthcare systems. Although cases globally decreased since the end numbers are still significant African Region, European Region Americas, and Western Pacific Region. Rapid efficient detection infected individuals by precise screening assays is crucial for successful containment. In these assays, analytical clinical performance must be assessed ensure high quality. However, studies evaluating virus (MPXV) kits using patient-derived samples scarce. This study evaluated a new diagnostic MPXV real-time PCR kit (Sansure Monkeypox Virus Nucleic Acid Diagnostic Kit) collected Germany during clade IIb outbreak 2022. Our experimental approach determined Limit Detection (LoD) less than 200 cp/mL whole blood derived from vesicles or pustules. Furthermore, we tested potentially inhibiting substances pathogens with homologous nucleic acid sequences similar presentation detected no cross-reactivity interference. Following this, assay was compared CE-marked test achieved sensitivity 100.00% specificity 96.97%. summary, investigated demonstrates concurs competitor device sensitivity.

Language: Английский

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A Comparative Evaluation of Three Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of Human Monkeypox

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1286 - 1286

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Accurate and early diagnosis of monkeypox virus (MPXV) is crucial for controlling epidemics treating affected individuals promptly. This study aimed to assess the analytical clinical performance MolecisionTM Monkeypox Virus qPCR Assay, Biorain ddPCR MAGLUMI® Ag (chemiluminescence immunoassay, CLIA) Assay. Additionally, it compare application antigen nucleic acid assays offer insights into using commercial assay kits. Specimens from 117 patients, serial diluted cell culture supernatant, artificially created positive samples were tested evaluate these kits MPXV diagnostics. The Assay had a limit detection (LoD) 3.89 CCID50/mL, while an LoD 15.55 CCID50/mL. (CLIA) 0.500 pg/mL. accuracy was comparable demonstrated high sensitivity. specificity all three diagnostic specimens with potential cross-reacting substances 100%. In conclusion, this provides valuable assays, supporting efforts mitigate control spread monkeypox.

Language: Английский

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