Profiling of Oral Microbiota and Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 30, 2021

The presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been recently demonstrated in the sputum or saliva, suggesting how shedding viral RNA outlasts end symptoms. Recent data from transcriptome analysis show that oral cavity mucosa harbors high levels angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) and transmembrane protease, serine (TMPRSS2), highlighting its role as a double-edged sword for SARS-CoV-2 body entrance interpersonal transmission. Here, we studied microbiota structure inflammatory profile 26 naive disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients 15 controls by 16S rRNA V2 automated targeted sequencing magnetic bead-based multiplex immunoassays, respectively. A significant diminution species richness was observed COVID-19 patients, along with marked difference beta-diversity. Species such Prevotella salivae Veillonella infantium were distinctive while Neisseria perflava Rothia mucilaginosa predominant controls. Interestingly, these two groups oppositely clustered within bacterial network, defining distinct Interacting Groups (SIGs). COVID-19-related pro-inflammatory cytokines found both serum samples, specific consortium able to counteract them. We introduced new parameter, named CytoCOV, predict susceptibility an unknown subject at 71% power Area Under Curve (AUC) equal 0.995. This pilot study evidenced composition subjects, definite structural network relation secreted cytokines. Our results would be usable clinics against COVID-19, using consortia biomarkers reduce local inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Virucidal activity of oral care products against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Medicine and Pathology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 475 - 477

Published: Feb. 23, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. Since reducing amount of virus in saliva is considered to prevent broader infection, Center for Disease Control (CDC) and American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA) have recommended use CPC- or CHX-containing oral care products before dental procedure. However, there no certified evidence. So, we examined inactivation SARS-CoV-2 several countries vitro. 0.05 % Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) mouthwash, CPC toothpaste 0.30 spray Japan; 0.06 chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) + mouthwash 0.12 CHX Europe; 0.075 0.20 delmopinol hydrochloride USA; 0.04 China were assessed their virucidal activity with ASTM E1052. The was inactivated vitro contact time directions all containing as anticeptics. These results suggest that these each country may reduce viral load mouth.

Language: Английский

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Oral antiseptics against coronavirus: in-vitro and clinical evidence

Journal of Hospital Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 113, P. 30 - 43

Published: April 16, 2021

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2, so ACE2-expressing cells can act as target and are susceptible to infection. ACE2 receptors highly expressed in oral cavity, this may be a potential high-risk route SARS-CoV-2 Furthermore, virus detected saliva, even before COVID-19 symptoms appear, with consequent high risk of transmission asymptomatic/presymptomatic patients. Reducing viral load could lead lower via salivary droplets or aerosols therefore contribute control pandemic. Our aim was evaluate available evidence testing in-vitro in-vivo effects antiseptics inactivate eradicate coronaviruses. The criteria used were those described PRISMA declaration performing systematic reviews. An electronic search conducted Medline (via PubMed) Web Sciences, using MeSH terms: 'mouthwash' OR 'oral rinse' 'mouth 'povidone iodine' 'hydrogen peroxide' 'cetylpyridinium chloride' AND 'COVID-19' 'SARS-CoV-2' 'coronavirus' 'SARS' 'MERS'. initial strategy identified 619 articles on two databases. Seventeen included assessing virucidal efficacy against In conclusion, there sufficient support use potentially reduce other However, most limited. Randomized clinical trials group needed demonstrate its efficacy.

Language: Английский

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Periodontitis and COVID-19: Biological Mechanisms and Meta-analyses of Epidemiological Evidence

Journal of Dental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 101(12), P. 1430 - 1440

Published: June 30, 2022

Since the beginning of 2020, entire global health care system has been severely challenged by outbreak coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). Robust evidence demonstrated a more severe course COVID-19 in presence several comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. Here, we critically appraise recent research discoveries linking periodontitis to acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection COVID-19, with special focus on associated biological mechanisms available epidemiological evidence. SARS-CoV-2 main receptors coreceptors (ACE2, TMPRSS2, furin, CD147) are overexpressed periodontal tissues patients, inflammation, pathogens, damage-induced pyroptosis triggering positive feedback loop. However, meta-analyses studies only indicated nonstatistically significant tendency for an increased risk subjects (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69; 95% CI, 0.91-3.13, P 0.09). Furthermore, may worsen clinical courses through multiple direct indirect pathways, including damage lower airways due aspiration exacerbation cytokine storm via low-grade chronic systemic dissemination ulcerated gingival epithelium consequent induced pulmonary vessels vasculopathy. Indeed, that likely experience COVID-19. Specifically, was 4-fold odds hospitalization (OR 4.72; 1.11-20.03, 0.04), 6-fold requiring assisted ventilation 6.24; 2.78-14.02, 0.00), than 7-fold death complications 7.51; 2.16-26.10, 0.00). The breakthrough analyzed here emphasizes relevance mouth-systemic connection target mitigate current emergency future predicted pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Your health is in your mouth: A comprehensive view to promote general wellness

Frontiers in Oral Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

Even though various studies recognize the importance of oral cavity to have general health, in multidisciplinary professional practice it is almost always excluded and on an individual basis, very commonly neglected. Oral diseases are preventable, still, they highly prevalent. Although some consider health within integral currently, there no model which mouth integrated other levels for achievement well-being. The objective this article was review its connection with well-being and, based these findings, propose a complex comprehensive perspective approach care.The databases MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar were revised randomized controlled trials reviews that included search terms related relationship different (physical, psychological, social environmental).The shows critical, as teeth not only part body, but also, also support enable essential human functions. That is, has multidimensional nature, includes physical, social, environmental domains overall Likewise, psychological seat first physiological needs emotional gratifications, we take taste world around us. Thus, plays important role feeling unity constitution self. Based results integrative step from build could be used clinical promotion care health.The effort professionals people's must promotion. Dental treatments alone cannot solve problem, requires bio-psychological, behavioral, socio-environmental determinants face global challenge. without medical science dental our public policies provide best answers promotion, disease prevention, early detection, treatment.

Language: Английский

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Periodontitis and coronavirus disease 2019

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 89(1), P. 207 - 214

Published: March 4, 2022

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 is usually a mild condition; however, in some cases it can result sickness and even death. Thus, understanding the reasons behind these grave outcomes of great importance. Coronavirus periodontitis share intriguing characteristics. They both lead to systemic inflammation alterations coagulation pathways, confounding factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity. Accordingly, possible association between conditions has been hypothesized literature. objective this review was evaluate scientific evidence linking diseases underlying mechanisms. Evidence shown that presents oral manifestations affect periodontal tissues. Moreover, studies have severity presence periodontitis. Current suggests could be explained through direct role bacteria aggravating lung infections, well indirect effect inducing priming immune system an exacerbated reaction infection. Future research needed confirm observations explore care might play pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Mouthwash Effects on the Oral Microbiome: Are They Good, Bad, or Balanced?

International Dental Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73, P. S74 - S81

Published: Oct. 17, 2023

This narrative review describes the oral microbiome, and its role in health disease, before considering impact of commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) mouthwashes on bacteria, viruses, bacteriophages, fungi that make up these microbial communities different niches mouth. Whilst certain have proven antimicrobial actions clinical effectiveness supported by robust evidence, this reports more recent metagenomics suggesting such as chlorhexidine may cause "dysbiosis," whereby species bacteria are killed, leaving others, sometimes unwanted, to predominate. There is little known about effects viruses context microbiome (virome) vivo, despite evidence they "kill" viral pathogens ex vivo. Evidence for mouthwashes, much like antibiotics, also emerging with regards resistance, should further be considered their widespread use clinicians patients. Therefore, potential currently available OTC alter article finally proposes ideal mouthwash, whilst combatting "balance" communities, especially those associated health. Which mouthwash best fits remains uncertain.

Language: Английский

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Preprocedural mouthwashes for infection control in dentistry—an update

Clinical Oral Investigations, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(S1), P. 33 - 44

Published: April 20, 2023

Aerosols and splatter are routinely generated in dental practice can be contaminated by potentially harmful bacteria or viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, preprocedural mouthwashes containing antiseptic agents have been proposed a potential measure for infection control practice. This review article aims to summarize the clinical (and, if insufficient, preclinical) evidence on draw conclusions practitioners.Literature reduction of bacterial viral load aerosols was searched summarized.Preprocedural mouthwashes, particularly those chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), essential oils (EO), significantly reduce aerosols. With respect HSV-1, there too little data any clear recommendations. On other hand, is consolidating that CPC-containing temporarily intraoral infectivity SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Nevertheless, risks side effects due regular use ecological adaptation need considered.The antiseptics recommended according currently available data, but further studies needed, besides When selecting specific antiseptic, biggest basis exists CHX, CPC, EO, combinations thereof.Preprocedural serve part bundle measures protection personnel despite some remaining ambiguities view effects.

Language: Английский

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Clinical evaluation of antiseptic mouth rinses to reduce salivary load of SARS-CoV-2

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Abstract Most public health measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic are based on preventing pathogen spread, and use of oral antiseptics has been proposed as a strategy reduce transmission risk. The aim this manuscript is test efficacy mouthwashes salivary viral load in vivo. This multi-centre, blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial that tests effect four (cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine hydrogen peroxide) SARS-CoV-2 measured by qPCR at baseline 30, 60 120 min after mouthrinse. A fifth group patients used distilled water mouthrinse control. Eighty-four participants were recruited divided into 12–15 per group. There no statistically significant changes different mouthwashes. Although have shown virucidal effects vitro, our data show was not affected tested treatments. could reflect those effective vivo, or particles infective but RNA still detected PCR. Viral infectivity studies therefore required. ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04707742 ; Identifier: NCT04707742)

Language: Английский

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Oral Mucosa, Saliva, and COVID-19 Infection in Oral Health Care

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: April 22, 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has shaken the globe with an ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 and set challenges to every corner modern health care setting. oral mucosa saliva are high risk sites for higher viral loads dental professionals considered a group. COVID-19-induced lesions loss taste smell common clinical complaints in been found cause wide range non-specific mucosal lesions, but specific diagnosis these mucocutaneous as will facilitate prevention settings aid proper patient management. reported needs further investigation at receptor level it give new insights into pathogenicity. yield salivary secretion is finding this infection research focusing on developing rapid diagnostic fluid COVID-19. In review, we discuss significance mucosa, relevance dentistry.

Language: Английский

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