Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis Is Associated With Symptoms Severity and Local Immune/Inflammatory Response in COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 23, 2021

The human oral microbiome (HOM) is the second largest microbial community after gut and can impact onset progression of several localized systemic diseases, including those viral origin, especially for viruses entering body via oropharynx. However, this important aspect has not been clarified new pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 disease, despite it being one many respiratory having oropharynx as primary site replication. In particular, no data are available about non-bacterial components HOM (fungi, viruses), which instead shown to be crucial other diseases. Consistent with this, study aimed define in patients, evidence any association between its profile clinical disease. Seventy-five rinse samples were analyzed by Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) simultaneously identify bacteria, fungi, viruses. To correlate local virus replication, SARS-CoV-2 amount cavity was quantified digital droplet PCR. Moreover, inflammation secretory immune response also assessed, respectively measuring release pro-inflammatory cytokines (L-6, IL-17, TNFα, GM-CSF) production immunoglobulins A (sIgA). results showed presence dysbiosis patients compared matched controls, significantly decreased alpha-diversity value lower species richness subjects. Notably, correlated symptom severity ( p = 0.006), increased < 0.01). parallel, a mucosal sIgA observed more severely symptomatic 0.02), suggesting that early control infection correct development influenced profile. conclusion, presented here suggest may defining individual susceptibility infection, facilitating or rather, inducing protective IgA response. Although possible determine whether alteration cause effect these parameters considered markers personalized therapy vaccine development.

Language: Английский

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Oral Pathology in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection—Molecular Aspects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1431 - 1431

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

This review article was designed to evaluate the existing evidence related molecular processes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in oral cavity. The World Health Organization stated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and transmission is produced by droplets aerosols from cavity infected patients. structures, keratinized non-keratinized mucosa, salivary glands' epithelia express entry factors, especially angiotensin converting enzyme Type (ACE2) transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2). Replication virus cells leads local systemic spread, cellular damage associated with clinical signs symptoms disease Saliva, both acellular fractions, holds particles contributes COVID-19 transmission. also presents information about factors modifying potential possible pharmacotherapeutic interventions, which may confine PubMed Scopus databases were used search for suitable keywords such as: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, infection, saliva, crevicular fluid, gland, tongue, periodontium, gingiva, dental pulp, ACE2, TMPRSS2, Furin, diagnosis, topical treatment, vaccine words relevant publications up 28 December 2021. Data extraction quality evaluation articles performed two reviewers, 63 included final review.

Language: Английский

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The effectiveness of mouthwash against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review of scientific and clinical evidence

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(5), P. 879 - 885

Published: Oct. 9, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection that is mainly through airborne transmission, a worldwide health concern. This review seeks to assess potential effectiveness mouthwash in reducing oropharyngeal load based on available evidence. Articles related and PubMed were electronically searched July, 2021. After manually excluding articles lacking sufficient scientific evidence or validation processes, those with inaccessible online full text, did not test against SARS-CoV-2, written English, 17 original 13 chosen for this review. eligible revealed main virucidal mechanism was via interactions viral envelope. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), essential oils ethanol showed effects vitro, potentially interfering A few clinical studies demonstrated PVP-I, CPC, hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine reduced SARS-CoV-2. Although limited, containing PVP-I CPC shows thus may present risk-mitigation strategy patients.

Language: Английский

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Effect of oral antiseptics in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity: evidence from a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 1833 - 1842

Published: July 7, 2022

ABSTRACTBackground: In vitro studies have shown that several oral antiseptics virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, mouthwashes been proposed as an easy to implement strategy reduce viral transmission. However, there are no data measuring SARS-CoV-2 viability after in vivo.In this randomized double-blind, five-parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trial, salivary load (by quantitative PCR) and its infectious capacity (incubating saliva cell cultures) evaluated before four different antiseptic placebo 54 COVID-19 patients.Contrary evidence, was not affected by any of the tested mouthwashes. Viral culture indicated cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) significantly reduced infectivity, but only at 1-hour post-mouthwash.These results indicate some currently used infectivity efficient vivo and, furthermore, effect is immediate, generating a false sense security.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04707742..

Language: Английский

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The oral manifestations and related mechanisms of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and patients present mostly symptoms. There have been an increasing number of reports on oral manifestations, some these signs are informative in terms identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection. The goal study review synthesize the clinical characteristics underlying mechanisms COVID-19 as well evaluate factors influencing infectivity, order conduct further in-depth investigations help clinicians diagnose exhibiting

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of Cetylpyridinium Chloride mouthwash against SARS‐CoV‐2: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Molecular Oral Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(3), P. 171 - 180

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Abstract Introduction COVID‐19 is a transmissible respiratory and multisystem disease caused by severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Viral transmission occurs mainly through the spread of salivary droplets or aerosol from an infected subject. Studies suggest that viral load correlated with severity probability transmission. Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash has been found to be effective in reducing load. The aim this systematic review randomized controlled trials evaluate efficacy ingredient cetylpyridinium on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Methods Randomized comparing placebo other ingredients positive individuals were identified evaluated. Results Six studies total 301 patients met inclusion criteria included. reported mouthwashes reduction compared ingredients. Conclusion Mouthwashes containing are against vivo. There also possibility use subjects could reduce transmissibility COVID‐19.

Language: Английский

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New Insights Regarding the Use of Relevant Synthetic Compounds in Dentistry

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(16), P. 3802 - 3802

Published: Aug. 10, 2024

Worldwide, synthetic compounds are used for both in-office and at-home dental care. They a valuable resource prophylactic curative treatments various problems, such as tooth decay, periodontal diseases, many more. typically preferred due to their broad range of actions ability produce targeted, rapid, long-lasting effects. Using 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash is capable reducing the plaque index from 47.69% 2.37% bleeding 32.93% 6.28% after just 2 weeks. Mouthwash with 0.1% OCT also highly effective, it significantly lowered median salivary bacterial counts in 152 patients 5 days compared control group (p < 0.0001), while gingival 0.001). When povidone-iodine was an irrigant during surgical removal mandibular third molars 105 patients, resulted notably lower pain scores (4.57 ± 0.60 vs. 5.71 0.45). Sodium hypochlorite excellent root canal disinfection, irrigating 1% NaOCl completely eliminated bacteria canals 65% patients. A 0.05% CPC proved effective perioperative patient care, decreasing 0.001) suppressing Streptococcus levels even one week post-surgery. Lastly, 6% H2O2 paint-on varnish tray formulations successfully bleached teeth 40 maintaining noticeably whiter appearance up 6-month follow-up, significant color differences baseline 0.005). Synthetic have large research base, which provides greater awareness mechanism action potential adverse For better understanding how they work, several methods assays performed. These protocolary techniques through compound’s efficacy toxicity established.

Language: Английский

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In vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 using a povidone-iodine oral rinse

BMC Oral Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2022

Abstract Background Healthcare professionals, especially dentists and dental hygienists, are at increased risk for contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through air-borne particles splatter. This study assessed the in vitro virucidal activity of 0.5% (w/v) povidone-iodine (PVP-I) oral rinse against SARS-CoV-2 to demonstrate its utility as a professional rinse. Methods A PVP-I formulation, placebo rinse, positive (70% [v/v] ethanol water) negative (water) controls were using time-kill method. was propagated Vero 76 host cells. Following neutralization validation, triplicate tests performed each test formulation measured 15, 30, 60 s 5 min. Results The demonstrated effective early 15 after exposure; viral titer reduced < 0.67 log 10 50% cell culture infectious dose (CCID 50 )/0.1 mL (log reduction > 4.0) 30 s, whereas 4.67 4.5 CCID /0.1 15- 30-s time points, with 0.63 0.17, respectively. No toxicity or cytotoxic effects cells observed rinse; expected. Conclusions In demonstrated. Rapid inactivation contact duration s. Clinical investigations needed assess effectiveness practice.

Language: Английский

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Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Global pandemics are most likely initiated via zoonotic transmission to humans in which respiratory viruses infect airways with relevance mucosal systems. Out of the known pandemics, five were by including current ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Striking progress vaccine development and therapeutics has helped ameliorate mortality morbidity infectious agents. Yet, organism replication virus spread through tissues cannot be directly controlled parenteral vaccines. A novel mitigation strategy is needed elicit robust protection broadly neutralizing activities hamper entry mechanisms inhibit transmission. This review focuses on oral mucosa, a critical site viral promising target sterile immunity. In addition reviewing historic RNA tissues, we discuss unique features immune responses. We address barriers new prospects related developing protective immunity at level ultimately control

Language: Английский

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Covid‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in periodontology: A narrative review

Journal of Periodontal Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 57(5), P. 933 - 941

Published: July 15, 2022

Abstract The present review examined the available evidence on possible involvement of gingival tissues in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Gingival tissue possess entry and transmission factors, among them ACE2 (angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2) TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease serine 2), which are principal mediators virus cell invasion. Clinical observations reveal RNA periodontal crevicular fluid, suggesting that periodontium may act as an point for and/or a dissemination site. preliminary prove infection potential fluid shed epithelial cells from periodontium. There also findings associations between periodontitis Covid‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019). PubMed Scopus databases were used to search suitable keywords such as: SARS‐CoV‐2, Covid‐19, oral infection, mucosa, periodontium, gingiva, ACE2, TMPRSS2, Furin, diagnosis, topical treatment, vaccine related words relevant publications. Data extraction quality valuation articles performed by author. addressed seven major domains: structures site, changes under care factor preventive measures. process was updated up 31 March 2022. Finally 68 retrieved final analysis, initial database searches. According inclusion criteria English language without any date restriction included. included studies mostly original articles, published 2020 2021 with aim describe periodontology. As conclusion it can be stated play role

Language: Английский

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