Conversion of biomass to biofuels and life cycle assessment: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 4075 - 4118

Published: July 23, 2021

Abstract The global energy demand is projected to rise by almost 28% 2040 compared current levels. Biomass a promising source for producing either solid or liquid fuels. Biofuels are alternatives fossil fuels reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, policy decisions biofuels should be based on evidence that produced in sustainable manner. To this end, life cycle assessment (LCA) provides information environmental impacts associated with biofuel production chains. Here, we review advances biomass conversion and their impact assessment. Processes gasification, combustion, pyrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis routes fermentation. Thermochemical processes classified into low temperature, below 300 °C, high higher than i.e. combustion pyrolysis. Pyrolysis because it operates at relatively lower temperature of up 500 which 800–1300 °C. We focus 1) the drawbacks advantages thermochemical biochemical various possibility integrating these better process efficiency; 2) methodological approaches key findings from 40 LCA studies pathways published 2019 2021; 3) bibliometric trends knowledge gaps using routes. integration hydrothermal circular economy.

Language: Английский

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Polymeric composite materials for radiation shielding: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 2057 - 2090

Published: Feb. 3, 2021

Language: Английский

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Circular economy strategies for combating climate change and other environmental issues

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1), P. 55 - 80

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Abstract Global industrialization and excessive dependence on nonrenewable energy sources have led to an increase in solid waste climate change, calling for strategies implement a circular economy all sectors reduce carbon emissions by 45% 2030, achieve neutrality 2050. Here we review with focus management, energy, air water quality, land use, industry, food production, life cycle assessment, cost-effective routes. We observed that increasing the use of bio-based materials is challenge terms cover. Carbon removal technologies are actually prohibitively expensive, ranging from 100 1200 dollars per ton dioxide. Politically, only few companies worldwide set change goals. While can be implemented various such as waste, buildings, transportation, assessment required optimize new systems. Overall, provide theoretical foundation sustainable industrial, agricultural, commercial future constructing routes economy.

Language: Английский

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Microplastic sources, formation, toxicity and remediation: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 2129 - 2169

Published: April 4, 2023

Abstract Microplastic pollution is becoming a major issue for human health due to the recent discovery of microplastics in most ecosystems. Here, we review sources, formation, occurrence, toxicity and remediation methods microplastics. We distinguish ocean-based land-based sources Microplastics have been found biological samples such as faeces, sputum, saliva, blood placenta. Cancer, intestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, infectious inflammatory diseases are induced or mediated by exposure during pregnancy maternal period also discussed. Remediation include coagulation, membrane bioreactors, sand filtration, adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, electrocoagulation magnetic separation. Control strategies comprise reducing plastic usage, behavioural change, using biodegradable plastics. Global production has risen dramatically over past 70 years reach 359 million tonnes. China world's top producer, contributing 17.5% global production, while Turkey generates waste Mediterranean region, at 144 tonnes per day. 75% marine waste, with responsible 80–90% pollution, account only 10–20%. induce toxic effects on humans animals, cytotoxicity, immune response, oxidative stress, barrier attributes, genotoxicity, even minimal dosages 10 μg/mL. Ingestion animals results alterations gastrointestinal tract physiology, system depression, differential gene expression, growth inhibition. Furthermore, bioaccumulation tissues aquatic organisms can adverse ecosystem, potential transmission birds. Changing individual behaviours governmental actions, implementing bans, taxes, pricing carrier bags, significantly reduced consumption 8–85% various countries worldwide. The microplastic minimisation approach follows an upside-down pyramid, starting prevention, followed reducing, reusing, recycling, recovering, ending disposal least preferable option.

Language: Английский

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Cellulose nanocrystals: Pretreatments, preparation strategies, and surface functionalization

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 182, P. 1554 - 1581

Published: May 23, 2021

Language: Английский

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Innovations in applications and prospects of bioplastics and biopolymers: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 379 - 395

Published: Nov. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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(Bio)Nanotechnology in Food Science—Food Packaging

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 292 - 292

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Background: Bionanotechnology, as a tool for incorporation of biological molecules into nanoartifacts, is gaining more and importance in the field food packaging. It offers an advanced expectation packaging that can ensure longer shelf life products safer with improved quality traceability. Scope approach: This review recent focuses on advances nanopackaging, including bio-based, improved, active, smart Special emphasis placed bio-based packaging, biodegradable biocompatible which presents alternative to most commonly used non-degradable polymer materials. Safety environmental concerns (bio)nanotechnology implementation were also discussed new EU directives. Conclusions: The use nanoparticles nanocomposites increases mechanical strength properties water oxygen barrier may provide other benefits such antimicrobial activity light-blocking properties. Concerns about migration from have been expressed, but tests risk assessment are unclear. Presumed toxicity, lack additional data clinical trials studies limit nanomaterials sector. Therefore, risks must be defined.

Language: Английский

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Review of polymer technologies for improving the recycling and upcycling efficiency of plastic waste

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 320, P. 138089 - 138089

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Human society has become increasingly reliant on plastic because it allows for convenient and sanitary living. However, recycling rates are currently low, which means that the majority of waste ends up in landfills or ocean. Increasing upcycling is a critical strategy addressing issues caused by pollution, but there several technical limitations to overcome. This article reviews advancements polymer technology aim improve efficiency waste. In food packaging, natural polymers with excellent gas barrier properties self-cleaning abilities have been introduced as environmentally friendly alternatives existing materials reduce food-derived contamination. Upcycling valorization approaches emerged transform into high-value-added products. Recent development recyclable high-performance plastics include design super engineering thermoplastics chemical bonds thermosets make them biodegradable. Further research needed develop more cost-effective scalable technologies address pollution problem through sustainable upcycling.

Language: Английский

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Bio-based poly (butylene succinate): Recent progress, challenges and future opportunities

European Polymer Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 110855 - 110855

Published: Oct. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in biobased and biodegradable polymer nanocomposites, nanoparticles, and natural antioxidants for antibacterial and antioxidant food packaging applications

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 3673 - 3716

Published: June 17, 2022

Abstract Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and natural antioxidant compounds are an emerging trend in the food industry. Incorporating these substances biobased biodegradable matrices as polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, chitosan) proteins has highlighted potential active packaging applications due to more significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, UV blocking, oxygen scavenging, water vapor permeability effects, low environmental impact. In recent years, migration of metal NPs oxides contact their toxicological have raised concerns about safety nanomaterials. this review, we provide a comprehensive overview main polymer nanocomposites, inorganic NPs, antioxidants, use packaging. The intrinsic properties actives materials evaluated extend shelf‐life, safety, quality. Toxicological aspects understand current controversy on applying some nanomaterials synergism plant‐derived vitamins, polyphenols, carotenoids) essential oils (EOs) potentiated antibacterial nanocomposite films. Biodegradable films based green NPs—this is biosynthesized from plant extracts–showed suitable mechanical barrier had lower impact offered efficient protection. Furthermore, AgNPs TiO 2 released ions into contents insufficiently cause harm human cells, which could be helpful understanding critical gaps progress field.

Language: Английский

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