Neurovascular coupling impairment as a mechanism for cognitive deficits in COVID-19

Brain Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Components that comprise our brain parenchymal and cerebrovascular structures provide a homeostatic environment for proper neuronal function to ensure normal cognition. Cerebral insults (e.g. ischaemia, microbleeds infection) alter cellular physiologic processes within the neurovascular unit contribute cognitive dysfunction. COVID-19 has posed significant complications during acute convalescent stages in multiple organ systems, including brain. Cognitive impairment is prevalent complication patients, irrespective of severity SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, overwhelming evidence from vitro, preclinical clinical studies reported SARS-CoV-2-induced pathologies components are associated with impairment. Neurovascular disruption alters coupling response, critical mechanism regulates cerebromicrovascular blood flow meet energetic demands locally active neurons. Normal processing achieved through response involves coordinated action cells (i.e. neurons glia) cell types endothelia, smooth muscle pericytes). However, current work on COVID-19-induced yet investigate as causal factor. Hence, this review, we aim describe SARS-CoV-2's effects how they can impact decline disease. Additionally, explore potential therapeutic interventions mitigate Given great both individuals public health, necessity effort fundamental scientific research application becomes imperative. This integrated endeavour crucial mitigating deficits induced by its subsequent burden especially vulnerable population.

Language: Английский

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Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular System and the Risk Markers: A Systematic Review

SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Immune activation and immune-associated neurotoxicity in Long-COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 103 studies comprising 58 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 122, P. 75 - 94

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Management of cognitive impairment associated with post-COVID-19 syndrome: recommendations for primary care

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 22, 2024

Introduction: Although post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) with cognitive impairment is increasingly encountered in primary care, evidence-based recommendations for its appropriate management are lacking. Methods: A systematic literature search evaluating the diagnosis and treatment of associated PCS was conducted. Practical PCS-associated care summarized, based on an evaluation pharmacological plausibility clinical applications. Results: Currently, pathology remains unclear no high-quality data to support targeted interventions. Existing approaches directed towards symptom relief where counseling chronicity disease regular reassessments at 4- 8-week intervals considered reasonable. Patients should be informed encouraged adopt a healthy lifestyle that centers around balanced nutrition physical activities. They may also benefit from intake vitamins, micronutrients, probiotics. The administration Ginkgo biloba extract could offer safe potentially beneficial option. Other non-pharmacological measures include physiotherapy, digitally supported training, and, if indicated, ergotherapy or speech therapy. In most patients, symptoms improve within 8 weeks. If serious, ambiguous, when new occur, specialized diagnostic such as comprehensive neurocognitive testing neuroimaging initiated. Very few patients would require inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusion: debilitating condition affect daily functioning reduce work productivity. Management multidisciplinary approach, centering physical, cognitive, therapies.

Language: Английский

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Skeletal muscle adaptations and post-exertional malaise in long COVID

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

When acute SARS-CoV-2 infections cause symptoms that persist longer than 3 months, this condition is termed long COVID. Symptoms experienced by patients often include myalgia, fatigue, brain fog, cognitive impairments, and post-exertional malaise (PEM), which the worsening of following mental or physical exertion. There little consensus on pathophysiology exercise-induced PEM skeletal-muscle-related symptoms. In opinion article we highlight intrinsic mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial abnormalities, a muscle fiber type shift towards more glycolytic phenotype as main contributors to reduced exercise capacity in The mechanistic trigger for induce unknown, but rapid skeletal tissue damage intramuscular infiltration immune cells contribute PEM-related

Language: Английский

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Ocular Manifestations of COVID-19

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 101285 - 101285

Published: June 24, 2024

There is an increasing body of knowledge regarding how COVID-19 may be associated with ocular disease varying severity and duration. This article discusses the literature on manifestations COVID-19, including appraisal current evidence, suggested mechanisms action, comorbidities risk factors, timing from initial infection to diagnosis clinical red flags. The primarily comprises case reports series which inevitably lack control groups evidence support causality. However, these early data have prompted development larger population-based laboratory studies that are emerging. As new become available, a better true effects eye will possible. While pandemic was officially declared no longer "global health emergency" by World Health Organization (WHO) in May 2023, numbers continue rise. Reinfection different variants predicted lead growing cumulative burden disease, particularly as more chronic, multi-organ sequelae apparent potentially significant implications. postulated due three main mechanisms: firstly, there dysregulated immune response linked inflammatory disease; secondly, patients greater tendency towards hypercoagulable state, leading prothrombotic events; thirdly, severe requiring hospitalisation immunosuppressed administered corticosteroids or such diabetes mellitus at increased secondary infections, endophthalmitis rhino-orbital-mucormycosis. Reported ophthalmic associations therefore, include range conditions conjunctivitis, scleritis, uveitis, endogenous endophthalmitis, corneal graft rejection, retinal artery vein occlusion, non-arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy, glaucoma, neurological orbital sequelae. With need consider telemedicine consultation view COVID-19's infectivity, understanding present during following essential ensure appropriately triaged, prompt in-person examination for management sight-threatening life-threatening diseases.

Language: Английский

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Postacute Sequelae of COVID (PASC or Long COVID): An Evidenced-Based Approach

Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(9)

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

Abstract While the acute manifestations of infectious diseases are well known, in some individuals, symptoms can either persist or appear after period. Postviral fatigue syndromes recognized with other viral infections and described coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We have a growing number individuals that for weeks, months, years. Here, we share evidence regarding abnormalities associated postacute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC) therapeutics. describe physiological biochemical seen reporting PASC. several evidence-based interventions to offer patients. It is expected this understanding mechanisms driving PASC benefits certain therapeutics may not only lead better outcomes those but also potential treating postinfectious sequelae.

Language: Английский

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Cardiac involvement in Fabry disease: Implications of retinal vessel analysis in detecting early microvascular alterations despite ERT

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Abstract Background Cardiac complications driven by microvascular changes are one of the primary reasons for mortality in patients with Fabry disease (FD). While enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) can effectively clear globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) deposits endothelium, it remains controversial whether ERT fully resolves dysfunction, particularly advanced cases. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study 63 FD patients, whom 60 had quality retinal vessel analysis (RVA) data and were age- gender-matched to healthy control group (HC, n=60, matched out 204). Associations severity, echocardiographic laboratory parameters, explored. Results exhibited significantly reduced venular flicker-induced dilation (vFID, 3.5% ± 1.6% vs. 4.6% 2.4%; p = 0.006), narrower central arteriolar equivalents (CRAE, 165.2 µm [153.5 - 183.2] 183.2 [174.7 191.4], < 0.001), lower arteriolar-venular ratio (AVR, 0.82 [0.74 0.87] 0.86 [0.82 0.91]; 0.001) compared HC, independent cardiovascular risk factors. Despite ERT, health incompletely recovered severely affected patients. Narrower arterioles closely associated parameters markers cardiac involvement. Additionally, CRAE demonstrated accuracy comparable LysoGb3 levels identifying GLA variants potential phenotype. elevated chronic inflammation endothelial dysfunction markers, including Rantes, MCP1, CXCL10, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, VEGF. In variants, higher inflammatory impaired microcirculation. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that RVA detect alterations FD, offering non-invasive approach assessing severity monitoring health. The persistence despite may reflect need earlier interventions. Longitudinal studies warranted further explore predictive value Fabry-related outcomes. Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06758648 ; Unique identifier: NCT06758648 . Novelty Significance What Is Known? (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder characterized accumulation (Gb3), leading complications. Enzyme pharmacological chaperone (PCT) available treatments, but their ability reverse uncertain. Retinal tool previously used monitor systemic diseases. New Information Does This Article Contribute? abnormalities, narrowing dilation, detectable even receiving ERT. strongly offers non-invasive, cost-effective method assess could serve as valuable stratification FD. Summary rare genetic significant due progressive Gb3. Although cornerstone management, we abnormalities persist treatment, disease. By employing RVA, highlights close association between narrowing, involvement severity. These underscore health, involvment results suggest interventions adjunctive therapies targeting be necessary improve outcomes play pivotal role routine care providing insights into vascular optimizing Fabry-specific therapies.

Language: Английский

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Changes in cerebrovascular reactivity within functional networks in older adults with long-COVID

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 26, 2025

Introduction Cognitive symptoms are reported in the vast majority of individuals with long-COVID and there is growing support to suggest neurovascular mechanisms may play a role. Older adults at increased risk for developing complications associated COVID-19, including heightened cognitive decline. Cerebrovascular Reactivity (CVR), marker health, has been linked age related decline role long-COVID, however, this not yet explored. Methods The present study examined group differences CVR 31 older compared cognitively unimpaired without symptoms. Follow up analyses were conducted examine how was both subjective neuropsychological (NP) test performance. A subject-specific approach, Distribution-Corrected Z-scores (DisCo-Z), used. Results Analyses revealed demonstrated significantly greater incidence extreme clusters within brain (&gt;100 voxels) functional networks thought drive attention executive function. Extreme positive positively number negatively correlated NP Discussion These findings among first provide link between functioning changes relevant aging mechanistic studies long-COVID.

Language: Английский

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Understanding Fatigue

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

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