Responses of soil microbial communities to water stress: results from a meta‐analysis

Ecology, Journal Year: 2011, Volume and Issue: 93(4), P. 930 - 938

Published: Nov. 2, 2011

Soil heterotrophic respiration and nutrient mineralization are strongly affected by environmental conditions, in particular moisture fluctuations triggered rainfall events. When soil decreases, so does decomposers' activity, with microfauna generally undergoing stress sooner than bacteria fungi. Despite differences the responses of individual decomposer groups to availability (e.g., typically more sensitive fungi water stress), we show that decomposers at community level different soils surface litter, but similar across biomes climates. This results a nearly constant soil-moisture threshold corresponding point when biological activity ceases, potential about -14 MPa mineral -36 litter. is shown be comparable value where solute diffusion becomes inhibited soil, while litter it dehydration rather likely limits around point. Because these intrinsic constraints lack adaptation hydro-climatic regimes, changes patterns (primary drivers balance) may have dramatic impacts on carbon cycling.

Language: Английский

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Responses of soil heterotrophic respiration to moisture availability: An exploration of processes and models

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 72 - 85

Published: Jan. 24, 2013

Language: Английский

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Microbiomes in light of traits: A phylogenetic perspective

Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 350(6261)

Published: Nov. 5, 2015

A focus on the phenotypic characteristics of microorganisms-their traits-offers a path for interpreting growing amount microbiome data. We review key aspects microbial traits, as well approaches used to assay their phylogenetic distribution. Recent studies reveal that traits are differentially conserved across tree life and appear be in hierarchical fashion, possibly linked biochemical complexity. These results suggest predictive framework whereby genetic (or taxonomic) resolution variation among samples provides information about under selection. The organizational parallels seen human free-living microbiomes seem support this idea. Developments may offer predictions not only how composition responds changing environmental conditions, but also these changes alter health or functioning human, engineered, systems.

Language: Английский

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Defining trait-based microbial strategies with consequences for soil carbon cycling under climate change

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 1 - 9

Published: Sept. 25, 2019

Microorganisms are critical in terrestrial carbon cycling because their growth, activity and interactions with the environment largely control fate of recent plant inputs as well protected soil organic [1, 2]. Soil stocks reflect a balance between microbial decomposition stabilisation assimilated carbon. The can shift under altered environmental conditions [3], new research suggests that knowledge physiology may be for projecting changes improving prognosis climate change feedbacks [4–7]. Still, predicting ecosystem implications processes remains challenge. Here we argue this challenge met by identifying life history strategies based on an organism’s phenotypic characteristics, or traits, representing these models. What key traits change? Microbial growth survival impacted multiple determine responses to varying resource availability fluctuating abiotic [8]. Cellular maintenance activities (those do not produce growth) include production extracellular enzymes degrade acquire resources, biomolecular repair mechanisms, cellular integrity, osmotic balance, defence, antagonism, cell signalling motility [9–11]. It is conceivable investment into would generally high soils, highly heterogeneous temporally variable distribution stressful like extremes moisture, temperature, pH salinity [12, 13]. Selective pressures suboptimal could lead greater cellular-level physiological allocation relative (Fig. 1) thereby impacting processes. Open separate window Fig. 1 Schematic showing C flux includes depolymerisation, substrate uptake, assimilation, dissimilation, biomass synthesis non-growth production. Extracellular enzyme represents acquisition, stress protein linked tolerance reflects higher yield. Forked arrows signify metabolic points where hypothesised tradeoffs might occur. expected empirical relationships among also shown

Language: Английский

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Microbial regulation of terrestrial nitrous oxide formation: understanding the biological pathways for prediction of emission rates

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 39(5), P. 729 - 749

Published: April 30, 2015

The continuous increase of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) in atmosphere due to increasing anthropogenic nitrogen input agriculture has become a global concern. In recent years, identification microbial assemblages responsible for soil N2O production substantially advanced with development molecular technologies and discoveries novel functional guilds new types metabolism. However, few practical tools are available effectively reduce situ flux. Combating negative impacts fluxes poses considerable challenges will be ineffective without successfully incorporating microbially regulated processes into ecosystem modeling mitigation strategies. Here, we synthesize latest knowledge (i) key pathways regulating consumption terrestrial ecosystems critical environmental factors influencing their occurrence, (ii) relative contributions major biological emissions by analyzing natural isotopic signatures using stable isotope enrichment inhibition techniques. We argue that it is urgently necessary incorporate traits biogeochemical order estimation reliability emissions. further propose methodology oriented framework from gene scales more robust prediction future

Language: Английский

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Harnessing rhizosphere microbiomes for drought-resilient crop production

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6488), P. 270 - 274

Published: April 16, 2020

Root-associated microbes can improve plant growth, and they offer the potential to increase crop resilience future drought. Although our understanding of complex feedbacks between microbial responses drought is advancing, most knowledge comes from non-crop plants in controlled experiments. We propose that research efforts should attempt quantify relationships traits, explicitly focus on food crops, include longer-term experiments under field conditions. Overall, we highlight need for improved mechanistic during, particularly after, This requires integrating ecology with plant, microbiome, molecular approaches central making production more resilient climate.

Language: Английский

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Microbes as Engines of Ecosystem Function: When Does Community Structure Enhance Predictions of Ecosystem Processes?

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Feb. 24, 2016

Microorganisms are vital in mediating the earth's biogeochemical cycles; yet, despite our rapidly increasing ability to explore complex environmental microbial communities, relationship between community structure and ecosystem processes remains poorly understood. Here, we address a fundamental unanswered question ecology: 'When do need understand accurately predict function?' We present statistical analysis investigating value of data independently combination for explaining rates carbon nitrogen cycling within 82 global datasets. Environmental variables were strongest predictors process but left 44% variation unexplained on average, suggesting potential increase model accuracy. Although only 29% datasets significantly improved by adding information structure, observed improvement models mediated narrow phylogenetic guilds via functional gene data, conversely, facultative diversity metrics. Our results also suggest that can strengthen predictions respiration beyond biomass parameters, as 53% incorporating both sets compared 35% alone. represents first comprehensive research examining links function. Taken together, indicate greater understanding communities informed ecological principles may enhance relative assessments based physiology.

Language: Английский

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Microbial modulators of soil carbon storage: integrating genomic and metabolic knowledge for global prediction

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. 641 - 651

Published: Oct. 18, 2013

Language: Английский

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Controls on soil microbial community stability under climate change

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 1, 2013

Soil microbial communities are intricately linked to ecosystem functioning because they play important roles in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Still, we know little about how soil will be affected by disturbances expected with climate change. This is a significant gap understanding, as the stability of communities, defined community's ability resist recover from disturbances, likely has consequences for function. Here, propose framework predicting response change, based on specific functional traits present community, relative dominance r- K-strategists, environment. We hypothesize that abundance K-strategists inform resistance resilience change associated disturbances. also other factors soils, such moisture content presence plants, may enhance resilience. For example, recent evidence suggests grazers, resource availability, plant roots each impact community stability. explore these hypotheses offering three vignettes published data re-analyzed. Our results show measures well environmental properties like availability diversity higher trophic levels, can contribute explaining composition change-related However, further investigation experimental validation necessary directly test across wide range ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Microbial regulation of the soil carbon cycle: evidence from gene–enzyme relationships

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 2593 - 2604

Published: May 10, 2016

Language: Английский

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