Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 7910 - 7910

Published: April 26, 2023

Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from general pathology perspective, particularly with regard atherogenesis patterns in context both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In review, we analyze various typical phenomena outcomes cellular pro-inflammatory stress atherosclerosis, as well role endothelial dysfunction local systemic manifestations low-grade inflammation. We also present features immune development productive stable unstable plaques, along their similarities differences compared There are numerous factors that act inducers inflammatory process including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications such cardiogenic shock severe strokes, associated acute hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia lower extremities induces paracoagulation chronic Conversely, sepsis, other conditions, diseases contribute atherogenesis. summary, can be characterized an independent form inflammation, sharing but having fundamental variants (classic vasculitis).

Language: Английский

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METTL3: a multifunctional regulator in diseases

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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Role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: April 25, 2023

Abstract Programmed cell death (PCD) is regarded as a pathological form of with an intracellular program mediated, which plays pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and embryonic development. Pyroptosis new paradigm PCD, has received increasing attention due to its close association immunity disease. inflammatory mediated by gasdermin that promotes the release proinflammatory cytokines contents induced inflammasome activation. Recently, evidence studies shows pyroptosis crucial conditions like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, neurological (NDs), metabolic (MDs), suggesting targeting potential intervention for treatment these diseases. Based on this, review aims identify molecular mechanisms signaling pathways related activation summarizes current insights into complicated relationship between multiple human (CVDs, NDs, MDs). We also discuss promising novel strategy method treating focus pathway application clinics.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the therapeutic potential of Sirt6-enriched adipose stem cell-derived exosomes in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury: unfolding new epigenetic frontiers

Clinical Epigenetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract Background The management of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) presents continuous therapeutic challenges. NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) plays distinct roles in various disease contexts and is hence investigated for potential applications MIRI. This study aimed to examine the impact Sirt6-overexpressing exosomes derived from adipose stem cells (S-ASC-Exo) on MIRI, focusing their influence AIM2-pyroptosis mitophagy processes. sirtuin family proteins, particularly (Sirt6), play a pivotal role these explore effects Sirt6-enriched regulating Results Bioinformatic analysis revealed significant downregulation Sirt6 MIRI subjected control group, causing consequential increase pyroptosis regulator expressions. Therefore, our that influenced progression through regulation target proteins AIM2 GSDMD, associated with pyroptosis, p62 Beclin-1, related mitophagy. introduction S-ASC-Exo inhibited while enhancing Consequently, this led reduction GSDMD cleavage endothelial cells, catalyzing deceleration atherosclerosis. Extensive vivo vitro assays were performed validate expressions specific genes which affirmed dynamic modulation by exosomes. Furthermore, treatment drastically ameliorated cardiac functions limited infarct size, underlining cardioprotective attributes. Conclusions Our underscores managing We demonstrated profound effect, evident enhanced function attenuated tissue damage, strategic Given intricate interplay between aforementioned processes, comprehensive understanding pathways essential fully exploit Sirt6. Altogether, findings indicate promise as novel strategy treating injuries cardiovascular diseases at large. Future research needs underscore optimizing balance during ischemia avoid loss normal myocytes.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of dapagliflozin in improving arrhythmia-related outcomes after ablation for atrial fibrillation: a retrospective single-center study

Clinical Research in Cardiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 113(6), P. 924 - 932

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress disrupts vascular microenvironmental homeostasis affecting the development of atherosclerosis

Cell Biology International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(12), P. 1781 - 1801

Published: Oct. 6, 2024

Atherosclerosis is primarily an inflammatory reaction of the cardiovascular system caused by endothelial damage, leading to progressive thickening and hardening vessel walls, as well extensive necrosis fibrosis surrounding tissues, most necessary pathological process causing disease. When body responds harmful internal external stimuli, excess oxygen free radicals are produced oxidative stress occur in cells tissues. Simultaneously, activation immunological processes followed elevation radicals, which directly initiates release cytokines chemokines, resulting a detrimental cycle vascular homeostasis abnormalities. Oxidative contributes harm inflicted upon decrease nitric oxide levels. Nitric crucial for maintaining implicated development atherosclerosis. This study examines influence on formation atherosclerosis, facilitated milieu. It also provides overview pertinent targets pharmaceutical approaches treating this condition.

Language: Английский

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IL‑37 suppresses macrophage ferroptosis to attenuate diabetic atherosclerosis via the NRF2 pathway

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(6)

Published: May 3, 2023

IL-37 is a newly discovered inflammatory factor. However, the protective effect and underlying mechanisms of on atherosclerosis remain unclear. In present study, was used for intraperitoneal injection in diabetic ApoE-/- mice caused by streptozotocin. High glucose (HG)/ox-LDL to stimulate THP-1 original macrophage followed pretreatment vitro. The atheromatous plaque area, oxidative stress inflammation levels were evaluated, level ferroptosis detected vivo It identified that treatment significantly decreased area mice. not only improved blood lipid mice, but also reduced serum factors including IL-1β IL-18. Furthermore, increased GPX4 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (NRF2) aorta vitro experiment revealed inhibited HG/ox-LDL-induced macrophages, as evidenced cell membrane oxidation, malondialdehyde production expression. Moreover, it found enhanced translocation NRF2 while ML385, specific inhibitor, attenuated HG/ox-LDL. conclusion, suppressed attenuate progression via activating pathway.

Language: Английский

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Wilms tumor 1 associated protein promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells by accelerating TGF-β and enhances chemoradiotherapy resistance

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 149(7), P. 3977 - 3988

Published: Aug. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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TIGAR attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration via autophagy-mediated Keap1 degradation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation to suppress nucleus pulposus pyroptosis

Cellular Signalling, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111856 - 111856

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Preoperative and postoperative administration of vitamin C in cardiac surgery patients – settings, dosages, duration, and clinical outcomes: a narrative review

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 86(6), P. 3591 - 3607

Published: April 29, 2024

Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin capable of directly donating electrons to reactive oxygen species, attenuating electrical remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction in patients undergoing surgery (CS), considered one the most effective defenses against free radicals blood, thus being first antioxidants consumed during oxidative stress. The aim this review assess effects perioperative administration CS patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted order identify prospective cohort studies and/or randomized controlled trials reporting on among adult CS. Studies published between January 1980 December 2022 were included our search, resulting total 31 articles that met all inclusion criteria. There seems be beneficial effect supplementation arrhythmias such as postoperative atrial fibrillation, reduction ICU length stay, hospital ventilation time, inotropic demand, fatigue. can act scavenger decrease peroxidation lipids present cell membrane, protect myocardium postoperatively from ischemia/reperfusion injury, stress inflammation. It represents readily available cost-effective strategy could improve outcome CS, by reducing risk serious cardiovascular adverse events, both perioperatively postoperatively.

Language: Английский

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