Therapeutic non-invasive brain treatments in Alzheimer’s disease: recent advances and challenges

Inflammation and Regeneration, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases and most common form dementia. Characterized by loss learning, memory, problem-solving, language, other thinking abilities, AD exerts a detrimental effect on both patients’ families’ quality life. Although there have been significant advances in understanding mechanism underlying pathogenesis progression AD, no cure for AD. The failure numerous molecular targeted pharmacologic clinical trials leads to an emerging research shift toward non-invasive therapies, especially multiple treatments. In this paper, we reviewed widely studied including photobiomodulation (PBM), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), direct current (tDCS), exercise therapy. Firstly, pathological changes challenges studies. We then introduced these therapies discussed factors that may affect effects therapies. Additionally, review possible mechanisms effects. Finally, summarized treatments future studies applications. concluded it would be critical understand exact find optimal treatment parameters improve translational value Moreover, combined use also promising direction sheds light or prevention

Language: Английский

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The Beneficial Role of Photobiomodulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1828 - 1828

Published: June 26, 2023

Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT), involves the use of light from a laser or light-emitting diode (LED) in treatment various disorders and it has recently gained increasing interest. Progressive neuronal loss with attendant consequences such cognitive and/or motor decline characterize neurodegenerative diseases. The available therapeutic drugs have only been able to provide symptomatic relief may present some side effects, thus precluding their treatment. Recently, there an exponential increase interest attention PBM therapy diseases animal studies. Because financial social burden on sufferers need for discovery potential inventions management, is pertinent examine beneficial effects cellular mechanisms by which modulates neural activity. Here, we highlight ways possess activity reported conditions (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s epilepsy, TBI, stroke) hope that serve alternative management because biological associated currently used

Language: Английский

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Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery with Photobiomodulation: Cellular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Future Potential

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 385 - 385

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a significant global health challenge, lacking effective pharmacological treatments. This shortcoming is attributed to TBI’s heterogeneous and complex pathophysiology, which includes axonal damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, persistent neuroinflammation. The objective of this study analyze transcranial photobiomodulation (PBM), employs specific red near-infrared light wavelengths modulate brain functions, as promising therapy address pathophysiology in single intervention. reviews the feasibility therapy, firstly by synthesizing PBM’s cellular mechanisms with each identified pathophysiological aspect. outcomes human clinical studies are then reviewed. findings support potential for treating TBI, notwithstanding variations parameters such wavelength, power density, dose, source positioning, pulse frequencies. Emerging data indicate that these plays role outcomes. Additionally, new research into effects on electrical properties polymerization dynamics neuronal microstructures, like microtubules tubulins, provides insights future parameter optimization. In summary, PBM represents multifaceted therapeutic intervention TBI vast may be fulfilled optimizing parameters. Future should investigate parameters, possible incorporating artificial intelligence.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation in obsessive–compulsive disorder: A literature review and hypothesis‐based potential of transcranial photobiomodulation

Journal of Neuroscience Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling neuropsychiatric that affects about 2%–3% of the global population. Despite availability several treatments, many patients with OCD do not respond adequately, highlighting need for new therapeutic approaches. Recent studies have associated various inflammatory processes pathogenesis OCD, including alterations in peripheral immune cells, cytokine levels, and neuroinflammation. These findings suggest inflammation could be promising target intervention. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t‐PBM) near‐infrared light noninvasive neuromodulation technique has shown potential disorders. However, its efficacy remains to fully explored. This study aimed review literature on detailing associations T‐cell populations, monocytes, NLRP3 inflammasome components, microglial activation, elevated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, CRP, IL‐1β, IL‐6. We also examined hypothesis‐based t‐PBM targeting these pathways focusing mechanisms modulation oxidative stress, regulation cell function, reduction deactivation neurotoxic microglia, upregulation BDNF gene expression. Our suggests promising, intervention modulate underlying processes. Future research should focus randomized clinical trials assess t‐PBM's optimal treatment parameters OCD. Biomarker analyses neuroimaging will important understanding relationship between symptom improvement following sessions.

Language: Английский

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CPT1A ameliorates microglia-induced neuroinflammation via facilitating VDR succinylation

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by impairments in cognition, memory, and movement, are becoming increasingly prevalent due to population aging, posing a significant threat public health. Extensive evidence suggests that neuroinflammation, mediated microglia, plays crucial role the development of these diseases. Notably, vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been shown regulate microglia activation controlling function neuroprotective D. This study aims elucidate potential VDR modulating neuroinflammation. To mimic BV2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 h. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) used measure release cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, MCP-1, TNF-α. Western blot performed assess relative protein expressions succinylation modifications. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments conducted determine interaction between carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A). Immunofluorescence staining was analyze localization VDR, CPT1A, COX-2, CD11b. Our findings demonstrated expression upregulated exposed LPS. Ectopic attenuated inflammatory response activation. We discovered (CPT1A) promoted succinylation. Further investigations revealed CPT1A enhanced stability binding lysine K117 being primary site. Importantly, depletion abrogated protective effects overexpression on microglia-mediated highlighted functioned as suppressor neuroinflammation facilitating succinylation, offering therapeutic targets management neurodegenerative

Language: Английский

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Neoangiogenetic potential of Nd:YAG 1064 nm photobiomodulation in non-surgical healing of trauma induced periapical bone defects: a clinicalprospective pilot study

Lasers in Medical Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 40(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Near-infrared light reduces β-amyloid-stimulated microglial toxicity and enhances survival of neurons: mechanisms of light therapy for Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 18, 2022

Low-intensity light can decelerate neurodegenerative disease progression and reduce amyloid β (Aβ) levels in the cortex, though cellular molecular mechanisms by which photobiomodulation (PBM) protects against neurodegeneration are still early stages. Microglia cells play a key role pathology of Alzheimer's causing chronic inflammation. We present new results concerning PBM both oxidative stress microglia metabolism associated with activation metabolic processes 808 nm near-infrared light.The studies were carried out using healthy male mice to obtain microglial cell suspension from hippocampus. Oligomeric β-amyloid (1-42) was prepared used treat cells. Light irradiation performed diode lasers emitting at (30 mW/cm2 for 5 min, resulting dose 10 J/cm2). Mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS level studies, viability, apoptosis, necrosis assays epifluorescence microscopy. Phagocytosis, nitric oxide H2O2 production, arginase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities measured standard assays. Cytokines, glucose, lactate, ATP measurements ELISA. As our data normally distributed, two-way ANOVA test used.The induces shift glycolysis mitochondrial activity pro-inflammatory affected oligomeric Aβ. Thereby, anti-inflammatory increases. This process is accompanied decrease cytokines an phagocytosis. exposure decreases Aβ-induced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, enzyme that regulates rate pentose phosphate pathway, activates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidases further produce ROS. During co-cultivation neurons microglia, prevents death neurons, caused produced Aβ-altered microglia.These original clarify reasons how support use therapeutic research treatment disease.

Language: Английский

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The effect of photobiomodulation on the brain during wakefulness and sleep

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: July 28, 2022

Over the last seventy years or so, many previous studies have shown that photobiomodulation, use of red to near infrared light on body tissues, can improve central and peripheral neuronal function survival in both health disease. These improvements are thought arise principally from an impact photobiomodulation mitochondrial non-mitochondrial mechanisms a range different cell types, including neurones. This has downstream effects stimulatory protective genes. An often-neglected feature nearly all these is they been induced during state wakefulness. Recent when applied sleep, also be benefit, but way, by improving flow cerebrospinal fluid clearance toxic waste-products brain. In this review, we consider potential differential dependent arousal. We speculate cells systems depending whether it wakefulness may follow circadian rhythm. further arousal-dependent mediated through biophoton – ultra-weak emission network communication repair across

Language: Английский

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Photobiomodulation improves the synapses and cognitive function and ameliorates epileptic seizure by inhibiting downregulation of Nlgn3

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remains one of the most drug-resistant focal epilepsies. Glutamate excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation which leads to loss synaptic proteins neuronal death appear represent a pathogen that characterizes neurobiology TLE. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is rapidly growing therapy for attenuation degeneration harboring non-invasiveness benefits. However, detailed effects PBM on or remain unclear. We investigated whether tPBM exerts neuroprotective hippocampal neurons in mouse model by regulating synapse synapse-related genes.In an vitro study, we performed imaging analysis western blot primary from embryonic (E17) rat pups. In vivo RNA sequencing was identify gene regulatory PBM. Histological stain immunohistochemistry analyses were used assess connections, survival. Behavioral tests evaluate cognitive functions.PBM upregulated connections vitro. addition, it confirmed transcranial reduced degeneration, apoptosis, vivo. These supported results showing relation with networks functions. Specifically, Nlgn3 showed increase after silencing reversed positive effect Lastly, behavioral alterations including hypoactivity, anxiety impaired memory recovered along reduction seizure score PBM-treated mice.Our findings demonstrate attenuates epileptic excitotoxicity, neurodegeneration decline induced TLE through inhibition decrease excitotoxicity.

Language: Английский

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Photobiomodulation in Alzheimer’s Disease—A Complementary Method to State-of-the-Art Pharmaceutical Formulations and Nanomedicine?

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 916 - 916

Published: March 11, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as a neurodegenerative disorder, usually develops slowly but gradually worsens. It accounts for approximately 70% of dementia cases worldwide, and is recognized by WHO public health priority. Being multifactorial disease, the origins AD are not satisfactorily understood. Despite huge medical expenditures attempts to discover new pharmaceuticals or nanomedicines in recent years, there no cure many successful treatments available. The current review supports introspection on latest scientific results from specialized literature regarding molecular cellular mechanisms brain photobiomodulation, complementary method with implications AD. State-of-the-art pharmaceutical formulations, development nanoscale materials, bionanoformulations applications perspectives highlighted. Another goal this was speed transition completely paradigms multi-target management AD, facilitate remodeling through therapeutic models high-tech light lasers integrative nanomedicine future. In conclusion, insights interdisciplinary approach, including photobiomodulation (PBM) applied human clinical trials, combined drug delivery systems easily overcome protective barriers, could open avenues rejuvenate our central nervous system, most fascinating complex organ. Picosecond transcranial laser stimulation be successfully used cross blood-brain barrier together nanotechnologies, therapy. Original, smart targeted multifunctional solutions nanodrugs may soon developed treat

Language: Английский

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