Recent Research Trends in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 511 - 511

Published: March 14, 2024

Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic major health disorders. The exact mechanism of the neuroimmune dysfunctions these pathogeneses is currently not clearly understood. These show dysregulated inflammatory responses, activation neurons, glial cells, neurovascular unit damage associated with excessive release proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotoxic mediators, infiltration peripheral immune cells into brain, as well entry mediators through damaged endothelial blood–brain barrier tight junction proteins. Activation leads to many molecules that cause neuroinflammation neurodegeneration. Gulf War Illness (GWI) myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) also dysfunctions. Currently, there no effective disease-modifying therapeutic options available for diseases. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes, microglia, pericytes used models drug discovery. This review highlights certain recent trends in neuroinflammatory responses iPSC-derived applications

Language: Английский

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Polyglutamine (PolyQ) Diseases: Navigating the Landscape of Neurodegeneration

ACS Chemical Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(15), P. 2665 - 2694

Published: July 12, 2024

Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by expanded cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats encoding proteins with abnormally polyglutamine tract. A total nine polyQ have been identified, including Huntington's disease, six spinocerebellar ataxias, dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), and spinal bulbar muscular (SBMA). The this class each considered rare, yet constitute the largest monogenic disorders. While subtype has its own causative gene, certain pathologic molecular attributes implicated in virtually all diseases, protein aggregation, proteolytic cleavage, neuronal dysfunction, transcription dysregulation, autophagy impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction. Although animal models disease available helping to understand their pathogenesis access disease-modifying therapies, there is neither cure nor prevention for these only symptomatic treatments available. In paper, we analyze data from CAS Content Collection summarize research progress diseases. We examine publication landscape area effort provide insights into current knowledge advances developments. review most discussed concepts assess strategies combat Finally, inspect clinical applications products against development pipelines. objective broad overview evolving regarding outline challenges, evaluate growth opportunities further efforts combating

Language: Английский

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Advances in Stem Cell Therapy for Huntington’s Disease: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 42 - 42

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative characterized by uncontrolled movements, emotional disturbances, and progressive cognitive impairment. It estimated to affect 4.3 10.6 per 100,000 people worldwide, the mean prevalence rate among all published studies, reviews, genetic HD registries 5.7 100,000. A key feature of loss striatal neurons cortical atrophy. Although there no cure at present, discovery gene causing has brought us into a new DNA era therapeutic advances for several neurological disorders. PubMed was systematically searched using three search strings: ‘“Huntington disease” + “stem cell”’, ‘”Huntington Mesenchymal stromal cell’, “induced pluripotent stem cell”’. For each string, results were categorized based on cell type, papers that included clinical analysis as well. The data extracted up 2024. We did not include other databases in our have comparable systematic review literature topic. collected analyzed used critical interpretation present review. Data are presented chronologically studies published. Therapeutic strategies cells drawn lot interest possible therapies. Recent research indicates NSCs been most often utilized type treating HD. generated from variety sources, including patients’ somatic brain itself. There strong evidence supporting transplantation or their derivatives animal models, even if stem-cell-based preclinical trials still early stages. Current treatment only aims relieving symptoms rather than pathogenesis disease. models shown promise improving motor functions, therapy faces many challenges disadvantages immunosuppression immunorejection well ethical, technical, safety concerns. Further required definitive conclusion.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune and rheumatic immune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation in treatment autoimmune rheumatic immune diseases through randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two researchers conducted a comprehensive search Chinese English databases from their inception until Dec. 2023. The literature screening data extraction were then performed. Statistical analysis was carried out using RevMan 5.4 software. A total 42 relevant RCTs, involving 2,183 participants, ultimately included this study. These RCTs encompassed four types bone diseases, namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), spondyloarthritis, systemic sclerosis arthritis, lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS). systematic review indicates that MSC may improve RA, PSS. meta-analysis reveals significantly improved symptoms patients with OA [VAS (visual analogue scale): marrow: SMD = − 0.95, 95% CI 1.55 0.36, P 0.002; umbilical cord: 1.25, 2.04 0.46, adipose tissue: -1.26, -1.99 0.52, 0.0009)], SLE [Systemic disease activity index (SLEDAI): 2.32, 3.59 1.06, 0.0003], [clinical efficacy: RR 2.02, 1.53 2.67, < 0.00001]. However, not (Ssc). Importantly, did increase incidence adverse events (OA: 1.23, 0.93 1.65, 0.15; SLE: 0.83, 0.28 2.51, 0.76; Inflammatory disease: 0.99, 0.81 1.22, 0.96; Multiple sclerosis: 1.12, 1.53, 0.50), supporting its profile across studies. findings suggest holds promise for several while highlighting areas where further research is warranted. have potential treat diseases. Moreover. appears be relatively safe could considered as viable alternative option

Language: Английский

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Resveratrol-Enhanced Human Neural Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Mitigate MPP+-Induced Neurotoxicity Through Activation of AMPK and Nrf2 Pathways and Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in SH-SY5Y Cells

Life, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 294 - 294

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are recognized as critical pathological mechanisms driving neurodegeneration PD. Exosome (Exo)-based therapies, particularly those derived from human neural stem cells (hNSCs), offer promising neuroprotective effects due to their ability transfer bioactive molecules that modulate cellular processes. Resveratrol (RES), polyphenolic compound with potent antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown enhance therapeutic potential cell (SC)-derived Exos. This study investigated RES-treated hNSCs-derived Exos (RES-hNSCs-Exos) on SH-SY5Y exposed 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), neurotoxin commonly used model Parkinsonian neurotoxicity. Treating MPP+ led significant reductions viability, mitochondrial increased activation inflammatory pathways. Treatment RES-hNSCs-Exos rescued MPP+-induced toxicity improving enhancing ATP production, increasing biogenesis, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The findings also demonstrated expression essential genes involved such PGC1α, NRF1, Tfam, indicating improved function presence RES-hNSCs-Exos. Further analysis revealed these protective were mediated activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Nrf2 signaling pathways, which promoted health reduced stress. Moreover, treatment suppressed downregulating NLRP3 inflammasome secretion pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β IL-18. In conclusion, results suggest exhibit against neurotoxicity function, inhibiting neuroinflammation. These highlight hNSCs-Exos novel strategy for diseases like PD, RES valuable enhancer efficacy.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic efficacy and promise of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer’s disease and other aging-related disorders

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 102088 - 102088

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Stem cells and bio scaffolds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: new insights

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular diseases are common worldwide. In order to improve survival quality of life for this patient population, extensive efforts being made establish effective therapeutic modalities. New treatment options needed, it seems. addition treating diseases, cell therapy is one the most promising medical platforms. One approaches in area stem therapy. biology, multipotent cells pluripotent divided into two types. There evidence that could be used as a approach based on multiple lines evidence. The effectiveness therapies humans has been studied several clinical trials. spite challenges associated with therapy, appears resolving them may lead disease patients. This an approach. By mounting these biological scaffolds, their effect can enhanced.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive review of drug resistance in mammalian cancer stem cells: implications for cancer therapy

Cancer Cell International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Cancer remains a significant global challenge, and despite the numerous strategies developed to advance cancer therapy, an effective cure for metastatic elusive. A major hurdle in treatment success is ability of cells, particularly stem cells (CSCs), resist therapy. These CSCs possess unique abilities, including self-renewal, differentiation, repair, which drive tumor progression chemotherapy resistance. The resilience linked certain signaling pathways. Tumors with pathway-dependent often develop genetic resistance, whereas those pathway-independent undergo epigenetic changes that affect gene regulation. can evade cytotoxic drugs, radiation, apoptosis by increasing drug efflux transporter activity activating survival mechanisms. Future research should prioritize identification new biomarkers molecules better understand use cutting-edge approaches, such as bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, nanotechnology, offers potential solutions this challenge. Key include developing targeted therapies, employing nanocarriers precise delivery, focusing on CSC-targeted pathways Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog Additionally, investigating multitarget inhibitors, immunotherapy, nanodrug delivery systems critical overcoming resistance cells.

Language: Английский

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Perinatal Tissue-Derived Stem Cells: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Challenging Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 976 - 976

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Over the past 20 years, stem cell therapy has been considered a promising option for treating numerous disorders, in particular, neurodegenerative disorders. Stem cells exert neuroprotective and benefits through different mechanisms, such as secretion of neurotrophic factors, replacement, activation endogenous cells, decreased neuroinflammation. Several sources have proposed transplantation restoration damaged tissue. recent decades, intensive research focused on gestational novel resource therapy. The present review provides an update preclinical/clinical applications treatment protein-misfolding diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), Huntington’s (HD) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, further studies should be encouraged to translate this therapeutic approach into clinical setting.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions

Nano Convergence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: May 13, 2024

Abstract Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders represent a profound public health challenge that affects millions of people around the world. Diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) exemplify complexities diversities complicate their early detection development effective treatments. Amid these challenges, emergence nanotechnology extracellular vesicles (EVs) signals new dawn for treating diagnosing CNS ailments. EVs are cellularly derived lipid bilayer nanosized particles pivotal in intercellular communication within have potential to revolutionize targeted therapeutic delivery identification novel biomarkers. Integrating with amplifies diagnostic capabilities, opening avenues managing diseases. This review focuses on examining fascinating interplay between theranostics. Through highlighting remarkable advancements unique methodologies, we aim offer valuable perspectives how approaches can bring about revolutionary change management. The objective is harness distinctive attributes forge personalized, efficient interventions disorders, thereby providing beacon hope affected individuals. In short, confluence heralds promising frontier impactful treatments against diseases, which continue pose significant challenges. By focusing personalized powerful methods, might improve quality patients.

Language: Английский

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