Cost, environmental impact, and resilience of renewable energy under a changing climate: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 741 - 764

Published: Oct. 28, 2022

Abstract Energy derived from fossil fuels contributes significantly to global climate change, accounting for more than 75% of greenhouse gas emissions and approximately 90% all carbon dioxide emissions. Alternative energy renewable sources must be utilized decarbonize the sector. However, adverse effects such as increasing temperatures, extreme winds, rising sea levels, decreased precipitation, may impact energies. Here we review energies with a focus on costs, energies, environment, economy, decarbonization in different countries. We solar, wind, biomass, hydropower, geothermal energy. observe that price solar photovoltaic has declined $0.417 2010 $0.048/kilowatt-hour 2021. Similarly, prices have by 68% onshore 60% offshore concentrated power, 14% biomass Wind hydropower production could decrease much 40% some regions due whereas appears least impacted source. Climate change can also modify productivity, growth, chemical composition, soil microbial communities. Hydroelectric power plants are most damaging environment; photovoltaics carefully installed reduce their impact. turbines minimal environmental impact; therefore, they should implemented extensively. Renewable electricity industry 2050, drastically reducing emissions, contributing mitigation. By establishing zero emission concept, future is promising, potential replace fuel-derived limit temperature rise 1.5 °C 2050.

Language: Английский

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Endemism increases species' climate change risk in areas of global biodiversity importance

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 109070 - 109070

Published: April 9, 2021

Language: Английский

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Projecting terrestrial biodiversity intactness with GLOBIO 4

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 760 - 771

Published: Nov. 3, 2019

Abstract Scenario‐based biodiversity modelling is a powerful approach to evaluate how possible future socio‐economic developments may affect biodiversity. Here, we evaluated the changes in terrestrial intactness, expressed by mean species abundance (MSA) metric, resulting from three of shared pathways (SSPs) combined with different levels climate change (according representative concentration [RCPs]): oriented towards sustainability (SSP1xRCP2.6), determined politically divided world (SSP3xRCP6.0) and continued global dependency on fossil fuels (SSP5xRCP8.5). To this end, first updated GLOBIO model, which now runs at spatial resolution 10 arc‐seconds (~300 m), contains new modules for downscaling land use quantifying impacts hunting tropics, quantify change, use, habitat fragmentation nitrogen pollution. We then used model project intactness 2015 2050 as function corresponding selected scenarios. estimated area‐weighted MSA 0.56 2015. Biodiversity declined all scenarios, yet decline was smaller scenario (−0.02) than regional rivalry fossil‐fuelled development scenarios (−0.06 −0.05 respectively). further found considerable variation projected among regions, large losses particularly sub‐Saharan Africa. In some scenario‐region combinations, recovery due reduced demands agricultural land, counteracted increased other pressures (notably road disturbance). Effective measures halt or reverse should not only reduce demand (e.g. increasing productivity dietary changes) but also focus reducing mitigating pressures.

Language: Английский

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Emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) during composting and vermicomposting: Measurement, mitigation, and perspectives

Energy Nexus, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 100092 - 100092

Published: June 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Interactive effects of changes in UV radiation and climate on terrestrial ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, and feedbacks to the climate system

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 1049 - 1091

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Terrestrial organisms and ecosystems are being exposed to new rapidly changing combinations of solar UV radiation other environmental factors because ongoing changes in stratospheric ozone climate. In this Quadrennial Assessment, we examine the interactive effects ozone, climate on terrestrial biogeochemical cycles context Montreal Protocol. We specifically assess organisms, agriculture food supply, biodiversity, ecosystem services feedbacks system. Emphasis is placed role extreme events altering exposure potential biodiversity. also address responses plants increased temporal variability radiation, change (e.g. drought, temperature) crops, driving breakdown organic matter from dead plant material (i.e. litter) biocides (pesticides herbicides). Our assessment indicates that interact various ways affect structure function ecosystems, by protecting layer, Protocol continues play a vital maintaining healthy, diverse land sustain life Earth. Furthermore, its Kigali Amendment mitigating some negative consequences limiting emissions greenhouse gases carbon sequestration vegetation pool.

Language: Английский

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Application of Gene Editing for Climate Change in Agriculture

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Sept. 7, 2021

Climate change imposes a severe threat to agricultural systems, food security, and human nutrition. Meanwhile, efforts in crop livestock gene editing have been undertaken improve performance across range of traits. Many the targeted phenotypes include attributes that could be beneficial for climate adaptation. Here, we present examples emerging applications research initiatives are aimed at improvement crops response change, discuss technical limitations opportunities therein. While only few translated production thus far, numerous studies settings demonstrated potential potent address near future.

Language: Английский

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How do we best synergize climate mitigation actions to co‐benefit biodiversity?

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. 2555 - 2577

Published: Dec. 24, 2021

A multitude of actions to protect, sustainably manage and restore natural modified ecosystems can have co-benefits for both climate mitigation biodiversity conservation. Reducing greenhouse emissions limit warming less than 1.5 or 2°C above preindustrial levels, as outlined in the Paris Agreement, yield strong land, freshwater marine reduce amplifying feedbacks from ecosystem changes. Not all strategies are equally effective at producing co-benefits, some fact counterproductive. Moreover, social implications often overlooked within climate-biodiversity nexus. Protecting biodiverse carbon-rich environments, ecological restoration potentially habitats, deliberate creation novel taking into consideration a locally adapted meaningful (i.e. full consequences considered) mix these measures, result most robust win-win solutions. These be further enhanced by avoidance narrow goals, long-term views minimizing losses intact ecosystems. In this review paper, we first discuss various that evidence demonstrates negatively impact biodiversity, resulting unseen unintended negative consequences. We then examine co-deliver societal benefits. give examples solutions, categorized 'protect, restore, create', different regions world could expanded, upscaled used innovation.

Language: Английский

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Seeing the forest for the trees: Assessing genetic offset predictions from gradient forest

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 403 - 416

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Gradient Forest (GF) is a machine learning algorithm designed to analyze spatial patterns of biodiversity as function environmental gradients. An offset measure between the GF-predicted association adapted alleles and new environment (GF Offset) increasingly being used predict loss environmentally under rapid change, but remains mostly untested for this purpose. Here, we explore robustness GF Offset assumption violations, its relationship measures fitness, using SLiM simulations with explicit genome architecture metapopulation. We evaluate in: (1) neutral model no adaptation; (2) monogenic "population genetic" single locus; (3) polygenic "quantitative two adaptive traits, each adapting different environment. found be broadly correlated fitness offsets both locus architectures. However, demography, genomic architecture, nature can all confound relationships fitness. promising tool, it important understand limitations underlying assumptions, especially when in context predicting maladaptation.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Biofortification Approaches Used to Improve Micronutrient-Dense Plants That Are a Sustainable Solution to Combat Hidden Hunger

Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 475 - 500

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

Language: Английский

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Thermal remote sensing for plant ecology from leaf to globe

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(9), P. 1996 - 2014

Published: June 30, 2022

Abstract Surface temperatures are mechanistically linked to vegetation biophysical and physiological processes. Although remote sensing in the thermal infrared (TIR) domain can offer novel insights into impacts of changing surface on vegetation, transformative potential for plant ecology has not yet been realized. Remotely sensed be used derive stomatal behaviour identify stressful environmental conditions near‐real time. Plant species, traits structural characteristics evaluated with high spectral resolution TIR emissivity. Beyond canopy scales, enhance inferences obtained from manipulative experiments empirical evidence, providing unique insight shifts species ranges phenology climate conditions. Scaling leaf traits, structure regional patterns require an integrated understanding both process technology. Theory linking dynamics is summarized energy balance perspective. We outline scaling considerations including morphology balance, influences convective heat exchange confounding non‐vegetated surfaces. Synthesis . introduce a unifying framework link globe through sensing. Recent emerging advances sensors, data availability analytics, together synergies between other sources, present timely opportunity ecologists advance our physiology, biogeography

Language: Английский

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