Resurrecting the Ecological Underpinnings of Ocean Plankton Blooms

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 167 - 194

Published: Oct. 1, 2013

Nutrient and light conditions control phytoplankton division rates in the surface ocean and, it is commonly believed, dictate when where high concentrations, or blooms, of plankton occur. Yet after a century investigation, biomass accumulation show no correlation with cell rates. Consequently, factors controlling blooms remain highly controversial. In this review, we endorse view that are not governed by abiotic division, but rather reflect subtle ecosystem imbalances instigated climate forcings food-web shifts. The annual global procession thus represents report on recent history predator-prey interactions modulated physical processes that, almost coincidentally, also nutrient inputs.

Language: Английский

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Lake diatom responses to warming: reviewing the evidence

Journal of Paleolimnology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 1 - 35

Published: April 3, 2015

Language: Английский

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

European Journal of Phycology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 49(1), P. 20 - 46

Published: Jan. 2, 2014

The partitioning of organic matter (OM) between dissolved and particulate phases is an important factor in determining the fate carbon ocean. Dissolved (DOM) release by phytoplankton a ubiquitous process, resulting 2–50% fixed photosynthesis leaving cell. This loss can be divided into two components: passive leakage diffusion across cell membrane active exudation DOM surrounding environment. At present there no method to distinguish whether released via or exudation. Most explanations for remain hypothetical; as while has been measured extensively, relatively little work determine why released. Further research needed composition link physiological status environmental conditions. For example, causes physiology death are poorly understood, though increases permeability presumably release. Recent shown that interactions with bacteria both amount In response increasing CO2 atmosphere, climate change creating increasingly stressful conditions surface ocean, including warm water, low pH, nutrient supply high light. As ocean physics chemistry change, it hypothesized greater proportion primary production will directly water DOM. Changes have bottom-up effects on ecosystem structure function. There need how these changes affect particularly efficiency biological pump.

Language: Английский

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Climate change and dead zones

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 1395 - 1406

Published: Nov. 10, 2014

Abstract Estuaries and coastal seas provide valuable ecosystem services but are particularly vulnerable to the co‐occurring threats of climate change oxygen‐depleted dead zones. We analyzed severity predicted for existing zones, found that 94% zones in regions will experience at least a 2 °C temperature increase by end century. then reviewed how exacerbate hypoxic conditions through oceanographic, ecological, physiological processes. evidence suggests numerous variables including temperature, ocean acidification, sea‐level rise, precipitation, wind, storm patterns affect each those factors has potential act multiple pathways on both oxygen availability ecological responses hypoxia. Given variety strength mechanisms which exacerbates hypoxia, rates is changing, we posit contributing zone epidemic acting synergistically with one another recognized anthropogenic triggers hypoxia eutrophication. This multidisciplinary, integrated approach considers full range needed track potentially reverse spread

Language: Английский

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Terrestrial and Inland Water Systems

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 271 - 360

Published: Jan. 7, 2015

The topics assessed in this chapter were last by the IPCC 2007, principally WGII AR4 Chapters 3 (Kundzewicz et al., 2007) and 4 (Fischlin 2007), but also Sections 1.3.4 1.3.5 (Rosenzweig 2007). SPM stated "Observational evidence from all continents most oceans shows that many natural systems are being affected regional climate changes, particularly temperature increases," though they noted documentation of observed changes tropical regions Southern Hemisphere was sparse Fischlin al. (2007) found 20 to 30% plant animal species had been time considered be at increased risk extinction if global average increase exceeds 2°C 3°C above preindustrial level with medium confidence, substantial structure functioning terrestrial, marine, other aquatic ecosystems very likely under degree warming associated atmospheric CO2 concentration. No scale these findings. carbon stocks terrestrial high change land use change. report warned capacity adapt naturally combined effect stressors is exceeded greenhouse gas (GHG) emission continued or then-current rate.

Language: Английский

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Partitioning the Relative Importance of Phylogeny and Environmental Conditions on Phytoplankton Fatty Acids

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. e0130053 - e0130053

Published: June 15, 2015

Essential fatty acids (EFA), which are primarily generated by phytoplankton, limit growth and reproduction in diverse heterotrophs. The biochemical composition of phytoplankton is well-known to be governed both phylogeny environmental conditions. Nutrients, light, salinity, temperature all affect acid composition. However, the relative importance taxonomy environment on algal content has yet comparatively quantified, thus inhibiting predictions changes food quality response global change. We compiled 1145 published marine freshwater profiles, consisting 208 species from six major taxonomic groups, cultured a wide range conditions, used multivariate distance-based linear model quantify total variation explained each variable. Our results show that group accounts for 3-4 times more than most important condition variables. underscore conditions clearly but also account relatively low compared phylogeny. This suggests underlying mechanism determining basal aquatic habitats community composition, allows prediction environmental-scale EFA dynamics based data. dataset calculate seasonal long-chain (LCEFA; ≥C20 ɷ-3 ɷ-6 polyunsaturated acid) concentrations ɷ-3:ɷ-6 ratios Lake Washington using multi-decadal time series. These analyses temporal algal-derived LCEFA ecosystem undergone large as result shifting resource management practices, highlighting diatoms, cryptophytes dinoflagellates key sources LCEFA. Moreover, indicate future shifts towards cyanobacteria-dominated communities will lower ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Functional classifications and their application in phytoplankton ecology

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 60(4), P. 603 - 619

Published: Dec. 1, 2014

Summary Ecologists often group organisms based on similar biological traits or taxonomic criteria. However, the use of taxonomy in ecology has many drawbacks because taxa may include species with very different ecological adaptations. Further, characters evolve independently lineages. In this review, we examine main criteria that have been used identification nine modes classifying phytoplankton non‐taxonomically. These approaches are purely morphological and/or structural traits, more complex combinations including physiological and features. Different functional proved able to explain some fraction variance observed spatial temporal distribution patterns algal assemblages, although their effectiveness varies greatly, depending number characteristics used. The attribution single broad groups allowed a few classifications (e.g. Functional Groups , FG ) be assessment status. We stress misuse (by applying them under conditions other than those intended) can serious consequences for interpreting processes. Assigning cannot considered surrogate knowledge ecotypes, specific must always justified circumscribed within limits questions hypotheses. An important future challenge will integrate advances molecular genetics, metabolomics physiology conventional traits; form basis next generation classifications.

Language: Английский

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Perspective: Advancing the research agenda for improving understanding of cyanobacteria in a future of global change

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 101601 - 101601

Published: April 16, 2019

Language: Английский

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Climate Change and Eutrophication Induced Shifts in Northern Summer Plankton Communities

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. e66475 - e66475

Published: June 12, 2013

Marine ecosystems are undergoing substantial changes due to human-induced pressures. Analysis of long-term data series is a valuable tool for understanding naturally and anthropogenically induced in plankton communities. In the present study, seasonal monitoring were collected three sub-basins northern Baltic Sea between 1979 2011 statistically analysed trends interactions surface water hydrography, inorganic nutrient concentrations phyto- zooplankton community composition. The most conspicuous hydrographic change was significant increase late summer temperatures over study period. addition, salinity decreased dissolved increased some basins. Based on redundancy analysis (RDA), warming key environmental factor explaining observed communities: general total phytoplankton biomass, Cyanophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae Chrysophyceae, decrease Cryptophyceae throughout area, as well rotifers zooplankton, cladoceran copepod abundances We conclude that communities have shifted towards food web structure with smaller sized organisms, leading energy available grazing planktivorous fish. shift probably complex warming, eutrophication top-down pressure overexploitation resources, resulting trophic cascades.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary potential of marine phytoplankton under ocean acidification

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 140 - 155

Published: Nov. 25, 2013

Abstract Marine phytoplankton have many obvious characters, such as rapid cell division rates and large population sizes, that give them the capacity to evolve in response global change on timescales of weeks, months or decades. However, few studies directly investigate if this adaptive potential is likely be realized. Because this, evidence whether how marine may sparse. Here, we review help predict evolutionary responses phytoplankton. We find limited support from experimental evolution some taxa adapt ocean acidification, strong indications variation structure natural populations selection standing genetic likely. Furthermore, highlight body literature plastic acidification available, theory used link responses. taxonomic breadth spanned by phytoplankton, diversity roles they fill ecosystems biogeochemical cycles, stress necessity treating functional groups individually.

Language: Английский

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