Climate change, adaptation, and phenotypic plasticity: the problem and the evidence

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 1 - 14

Published: Jan. 1, 2014

Abstract Many studies have recorded phenotypic changes in natural populations and attributed them to climate change. However, controversy uncertainty has arisen around three levels of inference such studies. First, it proven difficult conclusively distinguish whether are genetically based or the result plasticity. Second, not change is adaptive usually assumed rather than tested. Third, inferences that specific causal agent rarely involved testing – exclusion other potential drivers. We here review various ways which above been attempted, evaluate strength support each approach can provide. This methodological assessment sets stage for 11 accompanying articles attempt comprehensive syntheses what currently known about responses a variety taxa theory. Summarizing relying on results these reviews, we arrive at conclusion evidence genetic adaptation found some systems, but still relatively scarce. Most importantly, clear more needed must employ better inferential methods before general conclusions be drawn. Overall, hope present paper special issue provide inspiration future research guidelines best practices its execution.

Language: Английский

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Harmful algal blooms and climate change: Learning from the past and present to forecast the future

Harmful Algae, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 49, P. 68 - 93

Published: Oct. 22, 2015

Language: Английский

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Plastic and evolutionary responses to climate change in fish

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 68 - 87

Published: Jan. 1, 2014

Abstract The physical and ecological ‘fingerprints’ of anthropogenic climate change over the past century are now well documented in many environments taxa. We reviewed evidence for phenotypic responses to recent fish. Changes timing migration reproduction, age at maturity, juvenile migration, growth, survival fecundity were associated primarily with changes temperature. Although these traits can evolve rapidly, only two studies attributed formally evolutionary mechanisms. correlation‐based methods most frequently employed point largely ‘fine‐grained’ population environmental variability (i.e. rapid relative generation time), consistent plastic Ultimately, species will likely adapt long‐term warming trends overlaid on natural oscillations. Considering strong plasticity all studied, we recommend development expanded use capable detecting change, such as long term study selection coefficients temporal shifts reaction norms, increased attention forecasting adaptive response synergistic interactions multiple pressures be change.

Language: Английский

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Microorganisms and ocean global change

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 2(6)

Published: May 24, 2017

Language: Английский

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Southern Ocean Phytoplankton in a Changing Climate

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Feb. 16, 2017

Phytoplankton are the base of Antarctic food web, sustain wealth and diversity life for which Antarctica is renowned, play a critical role in biogeochemical cycles that mediate global climate. Over vast expanse Southern Ocean (SO), climate variously predicted to experience increased warming, strengthening wind, acidification, shallowing mixed layer depths, light (and UV), changes upwelling nutrient replenishment, declining sea ice, reduced salinity, southward migration ocean fronts. These expected alter structure function phytoplankton communities SO. The diverse environments contained within SO will be impacted differently by change; causing identity magnitude environmental factors driving biotic change vary among bioregions. Predicting net effect multiple climate-induced stressors over range complex. Yet understanding response vital if we predict future state/s ecosystem, estimate impacts on fisheries endangered species, accurately effects physical This review looks at major define SO, examines forecast environment, predicts likely these phytoplankton, considers ramifications trophodynamics feedbacks change. Predictions strongly suggest all regions productivity community composition with nature, even sign, varies depend upon sequence imposed. It affect biogeochemistry, carbon export, nutrition higher trophic levels.

Language: Английский

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Experimental strategies to assess the biological ramifications of multiple drivers of global ocean change—A review

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 2239 - 2261

Published: Feb. 24, 2018

Marine life is controlled by multiple physical and chemical drivers diverse ecological processes. Many of these oceanic properties are being altered climate change other anthropogenic pressures. Hence, identifying the influences multifaceted ocean change, from local to global scales, a complex task. To guide policy-making make projections future marine biosphere, it essential understand biological responses at physiological, evolutionary levels. Here, we contrast compare different approaches driver experiments that aim elucidate matrix change. We present benefits challenges each approach with focus on research, guidelines navigate through categories help identify strategies might best address research questions in fundamental physiology, experimental biology community ecology. Our review reveals field pulled complementary directions: need for reductionist obtain process-oriented, mechanistic understanding requirement quantify projected scenarios conclude recommendations how align contribute information needed science-based policy formulation.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary Rescue

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 605 - 627

Published: Sept. 21, 2017

Populations that experience severe stress may avoid extinction through adaptation by natural selection. This process is called evolutionary rescue and has been studied under different names in medicine, agriculture, conservation biology. It a component of the emerging field eco-evolutionary dynamics, which investigates how ecological attributes species evolve rapidly strong Its distinguishing feature to combine concept relative fitness with absolute synthetic theory persistent adaptation. The likelihood will depend both on population, particularly abundance variation, properties environment, rate severity deterioration. Medical interventions (e.g., administration antibiotics), agricultural practices application pesticides), population ecology effects introductions) provide numerous examples rescue. general tested laboratory experiments microbes, experimental evolution shows treatments affect frequency Overall, these have supported predictions theory: In particular, abundance, dispersal pronounced repeatable populations communities. Extending results major task for future research.

Language: Английский

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Rapid evolution of metabolic traits explains thermal adaptation in phytoplankton

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 133 - 142

Published: Nov. 26, 2015

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms that determine how phytoplankton adapt to warming will substantially improve realism of models describing ecological and biogeochemical effects climate change. Here, we quantify evolution elevated thermal tolerance in phytoplankton, Chlorella vulgaris . Initially, population growth was limited at higher temperatures because respiration more sensitive temperature than photosynthesis meaning less carbon available for growth. Tolerance high evolved after ≈ 100 generations via greater down‐regulation relative photosynthesis. By down‐regulating respiration, overcame metabolic constraint imposed by sensitivity efficiently allocated fixed Rapid carbon‐use efficiency provides a potentially general mechanism adaptation implies evolutionary responses modify cycles hence food web structure function under warming. Models futures ignore would usefully be revisited.

Language: Английский

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Climate change in the oceans: evolutionary versus phenotypically plastic responses of marine animals and plants

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 104 - 122

Published: Oct. 14, 2013

Abstract I summarize marine studies on plastic versus adaptive responses to global change. Due the lack of time series, this review focuses largely potential for evolution in animals and plants. The approaches were mainly synchronic comparisons phenotypically divergent populations, substituting spatial contrasts temperature or CO 2 environments temporal changes, assessments genetic diversity within populations traits important under available literature is biased towards gastropods, crustaceans, cnidarians macroalgae. Focal mostly environmental tolerances, which correspond phenotypic buffering, a plasticity type that maintains functional phenotype despite external disturbance. Almost all address coastal species are already today exposed fluctuations temperature, p H oxygen levels. Recommendations future research include (i) initiation analyses observational experimental encompassing diverse (including diapausing cues, dispersal traits, reproductive timing, morphology) (ii) quantification nongenetic trans‐generational effects along with components additive variance (iii) changes microbe–host associations holobiont model response change (iv) patterns increasingly fluctuating extreme conditions (v) joint consideration demography evolutionary adaptation rescue approaches.

Language: Английский

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Anthropogenic climate change drives shift and shuffle in North Atlantic phytoplankton communities

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(11), P. 2964 - 2969

Published: Feb. 22, 2016

Anthropogenic climate change has shifted the biogeography and phenology of many terrestrial marine species. Marine phytoplankton communities appear sensitive to change, yet understanding how individual species may respond anthropogenic remains limited. Here, using historical environmental observations, we characterize realized ecological niches for 87 North Atlantic diatom dinoflagellate taxa project changes in between mean (1951-2000) future (2051-2100) ocean conditions. We find that central positions core range 74% shift poleward at a median rate 12.9 km per decade (km⋅dec(-1)), 90% eastward 42.7 km⋅dec(-1) The is faster than previously reported taxa, predominance longitudinal shifts driven by dynamic multiple drivers, rather strictly poleward, temperature-driven redistribution habitats. A century significantly shuffles community composition basin-wide value 16%, compared with seasonal variations 46%. appears poised marked shuffle, which have broad effects on food webs biogeochemical cycles.

Language: Английский

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