Impact of Chemical Properties of Human Respiratory Droplets and Aerosol Particles on Airborne Viruses’ Viability and Indoor Transmission DOI Creative Commons
Ajit Ahlawat, Sumit Kumar Mishra, Hartmut Herrmann

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1497 - 1497

Published: July 8, 2022

The airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as a potential pandemic challenge, especially in poorly ventilated indoor environments, such certain hospitals, schools, public buildings, and transports. impacts meteorological parameters (temperature humidity) physical property (droplet size) on the settings have previously investigated. However, chemical properties viral droplets aerosol particles (i.e., composition acidity (pH)) viability remain largely unknown. Recent studies suggest high organic content (proteins) supports prolonged survival virus by forming glassy gel-type structure that restricts inactivation process under low relative humidity (RH). In addition, was found at neutral pH, observed to be best (<5) pH (>10) values (enveloped bacteriophage Phi6). Due limited available information, this article illustrates an urgent need research impact exhaled viability. This will improve our fundamental understanding mechanisms.

Language: Английский

Dependence on relative humidity in the formation of reactive oxygen species in water droplets DOI Creative Commons
Mohammad Mofidfar, Masoud A. Mehrgardi, Yu Xia

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(12)

Published: March 15, 2024

Water microdroplets (7 to 11 µm average diameter, depending on flow rate) are sprayed in a closed chamber at ambient temperature, whose relative humidity (RH) is controlled. The resulting concentration of ROS (reactive oxygen species) formed the microdroplets, measured by amount hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O ), determined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and spectrofluorimetric assays after droplets collected. results found agree closely with one another. In addition, hydrated hydroxyl radical cations (•OH-H 3 + ) recorded from using mass spectrometry superoxide anions (•O − radicals (•OH) electron paramagnetic spectroscopy. As RH varies 15 95%, H shows marked rise factor about 3.5 going 50%, then levels off. By replacing water deuterium oxide (D O) but keeping gas surrounding O, spectrometric analysis demonstrates that air plays dominant role producing other ROS, which accounts for variation RH. increases, droplet evaporation rate decreases. These two facts help us understand why viruses both survive better low values, as indoor wintertime, disinfected more effectively higher summertime, thus explaining recognized seasonality airborne viral infections.

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Recent advancements in the measurement of pathogenic airborne viruses DOI Creative Commons
Jyoti Bhardwaj,

Seongkyeol Hong,

Junbeom Jang

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 420, P. 126574 - 126574

Published: July 5, 2021

Air-transmissible pathogenic viruses, such as influenza viruses and coronaviruses, are some of the most fatal strains spread rapidly by air, necessitating quick stable measurements from sample air volumes to prevent further diseases take appropriate steps rapidly. Measurements airborne generally require their collection into liquids or onto solid surfaces, with subsequent hydrosolization then analysis using growth method, nucleic-acid-based techniques, immunoassays. can also be performed in real time without sampling, where species-specific determination is disabled. In this review, we introduce recent advancements measurement viruses. Air sampling technologies for viral aerosols reviewed, special focus on effects damage sampled measurements. Measurement an interdisciplinary research area that requires understanding both aerosol technology biotechnology effectively address issues. Hence, review expected provide useful guidelines regarding virus detection methods particular applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

75
Estimating the impact of indoor relative humidity on SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission risk using a new modification of the Wells-Riley model DOI Creative Commons
Amar Aganović, Yang Bi, Guangyu Cao

et al.

Building and Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 205, P. 108278 - 108278

Published: Aug. 23, 2021

A novel modified version of the Wells-Riley model was used to estimate impact relative humidity (RH) on removal respiratory droplets containing SARS-CoV-2 virus by deposition through gravitational settling and its inactivation biological decay; effect RH susceptibility not considered. These effects were compared with achieved increased ventilation rate outdoor air. Modeling performed assuming that infected person talked continuously for 60 120 min. The results modeling showed infection risk depended size range virus-laden droplets. 0.5 ACH, change between 20% 53% predicted have a small risk, while at 6 ACH this had nearly no effect. On contrary, increasing from decrease half which is remarkably larger RH. It thus concluded more beneficial reducing airborne levels than changing indoor

Language: Английский

Citations

68
The physics of respiratory particle generation, fate in the air, and inhalation DOI Open Access
Lidia Morawska, Giorgio Buonanno, Alex Mikszewski

et al.

Nature Reviews Physics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(11), P. 723 - 734

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

59
Mango anthracnose disease: the current situation and direction for future research DOI Creative Commons
Aboagye Kwarteng Dofuor, Naa Kwarley-Aba Quartey,

Angelina Fathia Osabutey

et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Mango anthracnose disease (MAD) is a destructive of mangoes, with estimated yield losses up to 100% in unmanaged plantations. Several strains that constitute

Language: Английский

Citations

37
Airborne virus transmission via respiratory droplets: Effects of droplet evaporation and sedimentation DOI Open Access
Majid Rezaei, Roland R. Netz

Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55, P. 101471 - 101471

Published: May 30, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

53
Development of a dual point humidity sensor using POF based on twisted fiber structure DOI Creative Commons

Sadam Hussian,

Mujahid Mehdi, Abdul Ghaffar

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 10, 2024

The humidity has often been measured through a single point sensor. Where, the could be varied at different locations as well depending on environmental conditions. present paper developed dual measuring sensor by using polymer optical fiber (POF) based illuminating fiber. sensor's basic structure is to twist two fibers and bend them certain radius. However, cascading of twisted micro (TMB-1 TMB-2). twisting couples light from one another side coupling method. An increase in level leads change reflective index, which helps get variation coupled intensity. To measure humidity, sensors are placed into control chamber random positions. power reading significantly linear when increases 30 80%. fast response about 1 s recovery time 4 s. Furthermore, chemical coating applied improve sensitivity. Between 80% range both TMB-1 TMB-2 have appropriate sensitivity detection limits, 680.8 nW/% 763.9 1.37% 1.98%, respectively. variable positions, points well-stable, easy, straightforward, uses less expensive

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Review of factors affecting virus inactivation in aerosols and droplets DOI Creative Commons
Alexandra Longest, Nicole C. Rockey, Seema S. Lakdawala

et al.

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(215)

Published: June 1, 2024

The inactivation of viruses in aerosol particles (aerosols) and droplets depends on many factors, but the precise mechanisms are not known. system involves complex physical biochemical interactions. We reviewed literature to establish current knowledge about these identify gaps. identified 168 relevant papers grouped results by following factors: virus type structure, or droplet size, temperature, relative humidity (RH) evaporation, chemical composition droplet, pH atmospheric composition. These factors influence dynamic microenvironment surrounding a virion thus may affect its inactivation. Results indicate that experience biphasic decay as carrier aerosols undergo evaporation equilibrate with air, their final state (liquid, semi-solid solid) RH. Virus stability, RH temperature interrelated, effects multifaceted still completely understood. Studies impact stability have raised new questions require further exploration. frequent practice studying large culture media limit our understanding for transmission, so we encourage use physiologically size future research.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Modeling the impact of indoor relative humidity on the infection risk of five respiratory airborne viruses DOI Creative Commons
Amar Aganović, Yang Bi, Guangyu Cao

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 7, 2022

With a modified version of the Wells-Riley model, we simulated size distribution and dynamics five airborne viruses (measles, influenza, SARS-CoV-2, human rhinovirus, adenovirus) emitted from speaking person in typical residential setting over relative humidity (RH) range 20-80% air temperature 20-25 °C. Besides transformation virus-containing droplets due to evaporation, respiratory absorption, then removal by gravitational settling, model also considered mechanism ventilation. The trend magnitude RH impact depended on virus. For rhinovirus adenovirus humidifying indoor 20/30 50% will be increasing infection risk, however, this risk increase negligible for weak adenovirus. Humidification have potential benefit decreasing only influenza when there is large decrease 20 50%. Regardless dry solution composition, humidification overall via long-range transmission SARS-CoV-2. Compared at constant ventilation rate, rate moderate levels 0.5 → 2.0 h

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Water evaporation from solute-containing aerosol droplets: Effects of internal concentration and diffusivity profiles and onset of crust formation DOI Open Access
Majid Rezaei, Roland R. Netz

Physics of Fluids, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

The evaporation of droplets is an important process not only in industrial and scientific applications, but also the airborne transmission viruses other infectious agents. We derive analytical semi-analytical solutions coupled heat mass diffusion equations within a spherical droplet ambient vapor phase that describe aqueous free containing nonvolatile solutes. Our results demonstrate solute-induced water vapor-pressure reduction considerably slows down dominates solute-concentration dependence time. evaporation-induced enhanced solute concentration near surface, which accounted for using two-stage description, found to further slow-down drying process. On hand, presence solutes produce lower limit size can be reached by and, also, reduce cooling droplet, tend decrease Overall, first two effects are dominant, meaning time increases Local variation diffusivity inside its consequence coefficient, does significantly change Crust formation on surface final equilibrium producing hollow particle, outer radius determined as well.

Language: Английский

Citations

30