The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
927, P. 172278 - 172278
Published: April 5, 2024
The
Wells-Riley
model
is
extensively
used
for
retrospective
and
prospective
modelling
of
the
risk
airborne
transmission
infection
in
indoor
spaces.
It
also
when
examining
efficacy
various
removal
deactivation
methods
infectious
aerosols
environment,
which
crucial
selecting
most
effective
control
technologies.
problem
that
large
variation
viral
load
between
individuals
makes
output
very
sensitive
to
input
parameters
may
yield
a
flawed
prediction
risk.
absolute
estimated
with
this
can
range
from
nearly
0
%
100
depending
on
load,
even
all
other
factors,
such
as
mechanisms
room
geometry,
remain
unchanged.
We
therefore
propose
novel
method
removes
sensitivity
load.
define
quanta-independent
maximum
before-after
difference
independent
quanta
factors
like
physical
activity,
or
dose-response
relationships.
data
needed
non-steady-state
calculation
are
just
rates,
volume,
occupancy
duration.
Under
steady-state
conditions
approach
provides
an
elegant
solution
only
dependent
before
after
applying
measures.
applied
compare
impact
relative
humidity,
ventilation
rate
its
effectiveness,
filtering
efficiency,
use
ultraviolet
germicidal
irradiation
results
demonstrate
comprehensive
understanding
strategies
infection,
enabling
rational
decisions
be
made
regarding
specific
context.
proposed
thus
practical
tool
mitigation
Building and Environment,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
206, P. 108387 - 108387
Published: Sept. 24, 2021
A
new
design
method
is
proposed
to
calculate
outdoor
air
ventilation
rates
control
respiratory
infection
risk
in
indoor
spaces.
We
propose
use
this
future
standards
complement
existing
criteria
based
on
the
perceived
quality
and
pollutant
removal.
The
makes
it
possible
required
rate
at
a
given
probability
of
quanta
emission
rate.
Present
work
used
for
SARS-CoV-2
consequently
can
be
applied
other
viruses
with
available
data.
was
case
studies
representing
typical
rooms
public
buildings.
To
reduce
infection,
total
airflow
per
infectious
person
revealed
most
important
parameter
risk.
Category
I
prescribed
EN
16798-1
standard
satisfied
many
but
not
all
type
spaces
examined.
started
from
about
80
L/s
room.
Large
variations
between
results
selected
made
impossible
provide
simple
rule
estimating
rates.
Consequently,
we
conclude
that
low
newly
developed
must
used.
Journal of Building Engineering,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
64, P. 105599 - 105599
Published: Nov. 26, 2022
In
the
past
few
years,
significant
efforts
have
been
made
to
investigate
transmission
of
COVID-19.
This
paper
provides
a
review
COVID-19
airborne
modeling
and
mitigation
strategies.
The
simulation
models
here
are
classified
into
infectious
risk
numerical
approaches
for
spatiotemporal
transmissions.
Mathematical
descriptions
assumptions
on
which
these
based
discussed.
Input
data
used
in
previous
studies
assess
dispersion
extracted
reported.
Moreover,
measurements
performed
study
within
indoor
environments
introduced
support
validations
anticipated
future
studies.
Transmission
strategies
recommended
recent
include
modifying
occupancy
ventilation
operations,
using
filters
air
purifiers,
installing
ultraviolet
(UV)
disinfection
systems,
personal
protection
compliance,
such
as
wearing
masks
social
distancing.
application
various
building
types,
educational,
office,
public,
residential,
hospital,
is
reviewed.
Recommendations
works
also
discussed
current
apparent
knowledge
gaps
covering
both
approaches.
Our
findings
show
that
different
measures
were
environments;
however,
there
no
conclusive
work
reporting
their
combined
effects
level
may
be
achieved.
further
should
conducted
understand
better
balance
between
mitigating
viral
transmissions
buildings
energy
consumption.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
962, P. 178286 - 178286
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Large
passenger
ships
are
characterised
as
enclosed
and
crowded
indoor
spaces
with
frequent
interactions
between
travellers,
providing
conditions
that
facilitate
disease
transmission.
This
study
aims
to
provide
an
ship
CO
Building and Environment,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
226, P. 109717 - 109717
Published: Oct. 23, 2022
Despite
the
risk
of
transmission
SARS-CoV-2,
Spanish
educational
centers
were
reopened
after
six
months
lockdown.
Ventilation
was
mostly
adopted
as
a
preventive
measure
to
reduce
virus.
However,
it
could
also
affect
indoor
air
quality
(IAQ).
Therefore,
here
we
evaluate
ventilation
conditions,
COVID-19
risk,
and
IAQ
in
secondary
school
university
classrooms
Toledo
(central
Spain)
from
November
2020
June
2021.
examined
by
monitoring
outdoor
CO2
levels.
CO2,
occupancy
hygrothermal
parameters,
allowed
estimating
relative
SARS-CoV-2
(Alpha
Omicron
BA.1),
Hr,
under
different
scenarios,
using
web
app
COVID
Riskairborne.
Additionally,
effect
on
evaluated
measuring
indoor/outdoor
(I/O)
concentration
ratios
O3,
NO2,
suspended
particulate
matter
(PM).
University
classrooms,
particularly
mechanically
ventilated
one,
presented
better
conditions
than
well
thermal
comfort
conditions.
The
estimated
Hr
for
ranged
intermediate
(with
surgical
masks)
high
(no
masks,
teacher
infected).
generally
good
all
at
ones,
with
I/O
below
unity,
implying
an
origin
gaseous
pollutants,
while
source
PM
heterogeneous.
Consequently,
controlled
mechanical
systems
are
essential
spaces,
wearing
well-fitting
FFP2–N95
masks
indoors
is
highly
recommended
minimize
other
airborne
infectious
diseases.
Sensors and Actuators B Chemical,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
376, P. 133001 - 133001
Published: Nov. 17, 2022
QRsens
represents
a
family
of
Quick
Response
(QR)
sensing
codes
for
in-situ
air
analysis
with
customized
smartphone
application
to
simultaneously
read
the
QR
code
and
colorimetric
sensors.Five
sensors
(temperature,
relative
humidity
(RH),
three
gas
(CO
2
,
NH
3
H
S))
were
designed
aim
proposing
two
end-use
applications
ambient
analysis,
i.e.,
enclosed
spaces
monitoring,
smart
packaging.Both
inks
deposited
by
standard
screen
printing
on
white
paper.To
ensure
minimal
light
dependence
during
real-time
was
programmed
an
effective
colour
correction
procedure
based
black
references
illumination
temperatures
(3000,
4000
5000
K).Depending
type
sensor
being
analysed,
this
integration
achieved
reduction
~71
-87%
QRsens's
temperature.After
correction,
exhibited
detection
range
0.7-4.1%,0.7-7.5
ppm,
0.13-0.7
ppm
CO
S,
respectively.In
summary,
study
presents
affordable
built-in
multi-sensing
platform
in
form
monitoring
potential
different
types
applications.
