Obesity and chronic kidney disease

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 324(1), P. E24 - E41

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically during the past decades, which been a major health problem. Since 1975, number people with worldwide nearly tripled. An increasing studies find as driver chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, and mechanisms are complex include hemodynamic changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, activation renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Obesity-related is characterized by glomerulomegaly, often accompanied localized segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions. In these patients, early symptoms atypical, microproteinuria being main clinical manifestation nephrotic syndrome rare. Weight loss RAAS blockers have protective effect on obesity-related CKD, but even so, significant proportion patients eventually progress to end-stage renal despite treatment. Thus, it critical comprehend underlying CKD create new tactics for slowing or stopping progression. this review, we summarize current knowledge disease, its pathological future perspectives

Language: Английский

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Melatonin inhibits ferroptosis and delays age-related cataract by regulating SIRT6/p-Nrf2/GPX4 and SIRT6/NCOA4/FTH1 pathways

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 114048 - 114048

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Cataracts are the main cause of reversible blindness worldwide. The ageing lens caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is mostly related to oxidative stress (OS). Little known about whether OS induced UVB enhances sensitivity epithelial cells ferroptotic stress, which may be a new mechanism leading age-related cataracts (ARCs).Ferroptosis was detected transmission electron microscopy (TEM), iron assay, lipid peroxidation (MDA) real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Genetic engineering technology used investigate regulatory relationship among Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2), receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) ferritin heavy chain (FTH1). Knockdown overexpression SIRT6 locally in vivo rats were performed probe ferroptosis ARCs.Here, we observed that can drastically induce vitro. Surprisingly, inhibition direct reason melatonin rescued B-3, SRA01/04 HEK-293 T survival; pan-caspase inhibitor Z-Vad-FMK did not significantly reverse death UVB-irradiated compared with UVB+DMSO group. an upstream regulator phosphorylated Nrf2 (p-Nrf2) NCOA4 cells. Melatonin inhibited through SIRT6/p-Nrf2/GPX4 SIRT6/COA4/FTH1 pathways neutralize toxicity, protected against vitro delayed cataract formation exposure rats.Our findings reveal novel causal role pathogenesis ARCs, raises possibility selectively targeting activation resistance as latent antioxidative therapeutic strategy for ARCs.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of and Potential Medications for Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Granulosa Cells: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9205 - 9205

Published: May 24, 2023

Granulosa cells are essential for follicle initiation and development, their abnormal function or apoptosis is a crucial factor leading to follicular atresia. A state of oxidative stress occurs when the balance between production reactive oxygen species regulation antioxidant system disturbed. Oxidative one most important causes granulosa cells. in female reproductive diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome premature ovarian failure. In recent years, studies have confirmed that mechanism closely linked PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, MAPK FOXO axis, Nrf2 NF-κB mitophagy. It has been found drugs sulforaphane, Periplaneta americana peptide, resveratrol can mitigate functional damage caused by on This paper reviews some mechanisms involved describes underlying pharmacological treatment

Language: Английский

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Significance of Melatonin in the Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Disease Management

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(8), P. 5541 - 5571

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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The dissemination, health risks, and mitigation approaches of antibiotic resistance genes in the gut microbiome

Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100634 - 100634

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Natural products as LSD1 inhibitors for cancer therapy

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 621 - 631

Published: June 20, 2020

Natural products generally fall into the biologically relevant chemical space and always possess novel biological activities, thus making them a rich source of lead compounds for new drug discovery. With recent technological advances, natural product-based discovery is now reaching era. have also shown promise in epigenetic discovery, some advanced clinical trials or are presently being used clinic. The histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), an important class demethylases, has fundamental roles development various pathological conditions. Targeting LSD1 been recognized as promising therapeutic option cancer treatment. Notably, with different chemotypes including protoberberine alkaloids, flavones, polyphenols, cyclic peptides effectiveness against LSD1. These provide scaffolds developing inhibitors. In this review, we mainly discuss identification inhibitors, analysis co-crystal structures LSD1/natural product complex, antitumor activity their modes action. We briefly challenges faced field. believe review will landscape

Language: Английский

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Use of Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Where Are We?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 3779 - 3779

Published: March 29, 2022

Cancer represents a large group of diseases accounting for nearly 10 million deaths each year. Various treatment strategies, including surgical resection combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have been applied cancer treatment. However, the outcomes remain largely unsatisfying. Melatonin, as an endogenous hormone, is associated circadian rhythm moderation. Many physiological functions melatonin besides sleep–wake cycle control identified, such antioxidant, immunomodulation, anti-inflammation. In recent years, increasing number studies described anticancer effects melatonin. This has drawn our attention to potential usage in clinical setting, although huge obstacles still exist before its wide administration accepted. The exact mechanisms behind unclear, specific characters impede vivo investigation. this review, we will summarize latest advances studies, chemical properties, possible effects, ongoing trials. Importantly, challenges application be discussed, accompanied perspectives on future development. Finally, using proposed. present article provide comprehensive foundation applying preventive therapeutic agent

Language: Английский

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Polymeric micelles: A novel drug delivery system for the treatment of breast cancer

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77, P. 103886 - 103886

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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The effects and molecular mechanism of heat stress on spermatogenesis and the mitigation measures

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 68(5-6), P. 331 - 347

Published: June 19, 2022

Under normal conditions, to achieve optimal spermatogenesis, the temperature of testes should be 2-6 °C lower than body temperature. Cryptorchidism is one common pathogenic factors male infertility. The increase testicular in cryptorchidism patients leads disorder regulation and balance, induces oxidative stress response germ cells, destroys integrity sperm DNA, yields morphologically abnormal sperm, excessive apoptosis cells. These physiological changes can reduce fertility lead This paper describes causing heat stress, including lifestyle behavioral factors, occupational environmental (external factors), clinical caused by pathological conditions (internal factors). Studies have shown that wearing tight pants or an inappropriate posture when sitting for a long time daily life, ambient different seasons areas, cause temperature, response, fertility. occurrence causes within testis such as increased cell apoptosis, DNA damage gene expression, chromosome aneuploidy, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, etc. At end article, we list some substances relieve tissues, trigonelline, melatonin, R. apetalus, angelica powder. protect tissue stress.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive review of melatonin as a promising nutritional and nutraceutical supplement

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. e24266 - e24266

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

BackgroundMelatonin is an indoleamine hormone secreted by the pineal gland at night and has essential role in regulating human circadian rhythms (the internal 24-h clock) sleep-wake patterns. However, it recently gained considerable attention for its demonstrated ability disease management. This review discusses major biological activities of melatonin, metabolites as nutritional supplements, bioavailability food sources.MethodsThe information acquisition process involved conducting a comprehensive search across academic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, Embase, Springer using relevant keywords. Only most recent, peer-reviewed articles published English language were considered inclusion.ResultsThe molecular mechanisms which melatonin induces therapeutic effects have been subject various studies.ConclusionWhile was initially understood to only regulate rhythms, recent studies indicate that far-reaching effect on organs physiological systems, such immunity, cardiovascular function, antioxidant defense, lipid hemostasis. As potent antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory agent, multiple applications proposed melatonin.

Language: Английский

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