Hyperglycemia and Oxidative Stress: An Integral, Updated and Critical Overview of Their Metabolic Interconnections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9352 - 9352

Published: May 27, 2023

This review focuses on the multiple and reciprocal relationships that exist between oxidative stress, hyperglycemia diabetes related metabolic disorders. Human metabolism uses most of consumed glucose under aerobic conditions. Oxygen is needed in mitochondria to obtain energy, as well for action microsomal oxidases cytosolic pro-oxidant enzymes. relentlessly generates a certain amount reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although ROS are intracellular signals necessary some physiological processes, their accumulation leads hyperglycemia, progressive resistance insulin. A cellular versus an antioxidant equilibrium would regulate levels, but pro-inflammatory conditions feed back each other relevance interconnections tends increase those Hyperglycemia promotes collateral through protein kinase C, polyols hexosamine routes. In addition, it also facilitates spontaneous auto-oxidation formation advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which turn interact with receptors (RAGE). The mentioned processes undermine structures, finally giving place progressively greater degree stress further alterations, complications. NFκB major transcription factor involved expression mediators, while Nrf2 regulating response. FoxO equilibrium, its role controversial. summarizes key factors linking diverse routes enhanced vice versa, emphasizing desirable balance proteins.

Language: Английский

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Polysaccharides with antioxidant activity: Extraction, beneficial roles, biological mechanisms, structure-function relationships, and future perspectives: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 300, P. 140221 - 140221

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and ROS Link Diabetes and Cancer

Journal of Molecular Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 96 - 119

Published: March 1, 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for one-sixth of deaths globally, whereas cancer is the second leading cause death in U.S. T2DM a known risk factor many cancers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-altered metabolic and signaling pathways link to cancer. These reprogrammed contribute diabetic complications, impact redox balance (oxidative stress), have differential roles early late stages A respiratory chain that highly reduced (as under hyperglycemic conditions) or if cofactors accumulate, ROS are greatly elevated. may mutations mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) result further elevations. The amplification results activation PKC, an overarching pathway activates MAPK with subsequent regulation several factors pathophysiological manifestations An upregulation PKC leads deregulation NF-kß, which regulates PKB/P13/Akt orchestrates cell survival, growth, proliferation, glucose metabolism manifested It also affects Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS-1), decreasing insulin-stimulated transport uptake, disrupting contributing development T2DM. Dyslipidemia hallmark ROS-induced lipid peroxidation systemic inflammation, producing inflammatory prostaglandins, cytokines, chemokines tumor rapid modulation immunity. dual role makes antioxidant therapy precarious be responsible controversial results. system delivers directly mitochondria useful inhibiting formation during pre-diabetic stage, must halted later retard metastasis.

Language: Английский

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Dextran-Gold Nanoparticle-Based Tablets and Swabs for Colorimetric Detection of Urinary H₂O₂

ACS Applied Nano Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Diagnosis of oxidative stress is essential to avoiding serious life-threatening situations. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) a potential biomarker stress. Herein, we introduce reagent-free nanoscale approach for the colorimetric detection urinary H2O2 utilizing dextran-gold nanoparticles (dAuNPs). The plasmonic properties these are central their function, leveraging high surface area and tunable optical characteristics sensitive detection. We transformed colloidal dAuNPs solution into two formats: as tablet (dAuNPs-Tablet) or impregnated on cotton swab (dAuNPs-Swab). assay generates hydroxyl radical (•OH) from via Fenton reaction, followed by nanoscale-driven using sensors. In presence in sample, red color turns blue due salt-induced aggregation. transition observed •OH-assisted degradation dextran layer around dAuNPs, leading loss stability subsequent aggregation dAuNPs. Sodium chloride acts aggregating agent, enhancing interactions. limit artificial urine found be 50 μM sensor 100 sensor. more stable compared which gradually loses stability, after one month, with approximately 40% within three months. Interference studies demonstrate selectivity both platforms Notably, investigated levels human samples healthy volunteers (both female male) before green tea consumption. decrease level postgreen consumption suggests role antioxidants mitigating utilization nanoprobes our research not only enhances understanding dynamics but also drives advancements point-of-care platforms, offering enhanced portability ease use nanoprobes. These open exciting avenues healthcare diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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Hormesis and Oxidative Distress: Pathophysiology of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Open Question of Antioxidant Modulation and Supplementation

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1613 - 1613

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Alterations of redox homeostasis leads to a condition resilience known as hormesis that is due the activation redox-sensitive pathways stimulating cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Instead, supraphysiological production reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds antioxidant defence oxidative distress. This induces damage biomolecules responsible or co-responsible for onset several chronic pathologies. Thus, dietary supplementation has been proposed in order prevent aging, cardiovascular degenerative diseases well carcinogenesis. However, this approach failed demonstrate efficacy, often leading harmful side effects, particular patients affected by cancer. In latter case, an based on endogenous depletion, ROS overproduction, shown interesting potential enhancing susceptibility anticancer therapies. Therefore, deep investigation molecular involved balance crucial identify new targets useful development more effective therapeutic approaches. The review herein provides overview pathophysiological role focuses attention positive negative aspects modulation with intent find insights successful clinical application.

Language: Английский

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Cellular Metabolism: A Fundamental Component of Degeneration in the Nervous System

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 816 - 816

Published: May 11, 2023

It is estimated that, at minimum, 500 million individuals suffer from cellular metabolic dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), throughout the world. Even more concerning knowledge that disease intimately tied to neurodegenerative disorders, affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems well leading dementia, seventh cause of death. New innovative therapeutic strategies address metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth factor signaling with erythropoietin (EPO), risk factors apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) can offer valuable insights for clinical care treatment disorders impacted by disease. Critical insight into modulation these complex pathways are required since mTOR pathways, AMPK activation, improve memory retention in Alzheimer's (AD) DM, promote healthy aging, facilitate clearance β-amyloid (Aß) tau brain, control inflammation, but also may lead cognitive loss long-COVID syndrome through mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial cytokine release, APOE-ε4 if autophagy other programmed cell death left unchecked.

Language: Английский

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The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of disorders influence entire body significantly affect nervous system impacting greater than one billion people disability peripheral as well cognitive loss, now seventh leading cause death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such DM, neurologic remain significant challenge treatment care individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall progression. These clinical challenges to address interplay between warrant innovative strategies can focus upon underlying mechanisms aging-related oxidative stress, cell senescence, death. Programmed pathways involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis play critical role oversee processes include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, inflammatory activation. silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Potential of Carotenoids in Preventing and Managing Metabolic Disorders

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1584 - 1584

Published: June 7, 2024

Carotenoids constitute compounds of significant biological interest due to their multiple activities, such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiadipogenic, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprehends a series metabolic abnormalities (e.g., hypertension, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia) that can affect children, adolescents, the elderly. The treatment MetS involves numerous medications, which, despite efficacy, pose challenges prolonged use, high costs, various side effects. derivatives have been proposed alternative treatments because they reduce serum triglyceride concentrations, promote insulin response, inhibit adipogenesis, downregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. However, carotenoids are notably sensitive pH, light exposure, temperature. This review addresses activity lycopene, lutein, fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, crocin, β-carotene towards MetS. It includes discussion sources, extraction methods, characterization techniques for analyzing carotenoids. Encapsulation approaches critically reviewed alternatives prevent degradation improve performance A brief overview physiopathology epidemiology diseases, including MetS, is also provided.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress in alcoholic liver disease, focusing on proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids: A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 278, P. 134809 - 134809

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Translational Research on Bee Pollen as a Source of Nutrients: A Scoping Review from Bench to Real World

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 2413 - 2413

Published: May 22, 2023

The emphasis on healthy nutrition is gaining a forefront place in current biomedical sciences. Nutritional deficiencies and imbalances have been widely demonstrated to be involved the genesis development of many world-scale public health burdens, such as metabolic cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, bee pollen emerging scientifically validated candidate, which can help diminish conditions through nutritional interventions. This matrix being extensively studied, has proven very rich well-balanced nutrient pool. this work, we reviewed available evidence interest source. We mainly focused richness nutrients its possible roles main pathophysiological processes that are directly linked imbalances. scoping review analyzed scientific works published last four focusing clearest inferences perspectives translate cumulated experimental preclinical into clinically relevant insights. promising uses for malnutrition, digestive health, disorders, other bioactivities could helpful readjust homeostasis (as it also true case anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant needs), well benefits diseases, were identified. knowledge gaps identified, along with practical challenges hinder establishment fructification these uses. A complete data collection made major range botanical species allows more robust clinical information.

Language: Английский

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