The effects of urban life on animal immunity: Adaptations and constraints

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 895, P. 165085 - 165085

Published: June 26, 2023

Land transformation, including urbanization, is a dominant form of anthropogenic change to the global environment at dawn Anthropocene epoch. More and more species are brought into direct contact with humans, being either required develop broad-scale adaptations urban or filtered out from urbanized areas. While behavioural physiological forefront biology research, there accumulating evidence for divergent pathogen pressure across urbanization gradients, requiring adjustments in host immune function. At same time, immunity may be constrained by unfavourable components an environment, such as poor-quality food resources, disturbance, pollution. Here, I reviewed existing constrains system animals, focusing on recent implementation metabarcoding, genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic approaches research. show that spatial variation non-urban landscapes highly complex context-dependent, but solid pathogen-driven immunostimulation urban-dwelling animals. also genes coding molecules directly involved interactions pathogens prime candidates immunogenetic life. Evidence emerging landscape genomics transcriptomics life have polygenic nature, traits not among key biological functions experiencing microevolutionary changes response urbanization. Finally, provided recommendations future i) better integration different 'omic' obtain complete picture non-model animal taxa, ii) quantification fitness phenotypes genotypes gradient, iii) much broader taxonomic coverage (including invertebrates) necessary draw robust conclusions how general (or taxa-specific) responses animals

Language: Английский

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The impact of urbanization on health depends on the health metric, life stage and level of urbanization: a global meta-analysis on avian species

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2027)

Published: July 17, 2024

Stressors associated with urban habitats have been linked to poor wildlife health but whether a general negative relationship between urbanization and animal can be affirmed is unclear. We conducted meta-analysis of avian literature test biomarkers differed on average non-urban environments, there are systematic differences across species, biomarkers, life stages species traits. Our dataset included 644 effect sizes derived from 112 articles published 1989 2022, 51 bird species. First, we showed that was no clear impact when categorized the sampling locations as or non-urban. However, did find small this dichotomous variable replaced by quantitative representing degree at each location. Second, dependent type biomarker measured well individual stage, young individuals being more negatively affected. comprehensive analysis calls for future studies disentangle specific urban-related drivers might obscured in categorical versus comparisons.

Language: Английский

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Co-movements of income and urbanization through energy use and pollution: An investigation for world’s leading polluting countries

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 110381 - 110381

Published: May 31, 2023

Economic growth via urbanization helps in the accumulation of capital urban area. Again, to meet up demand, energy consumption increases sharply, and consequently as byproduct, magnitude carbon emission also environment. The existing literature did not focus upon high trajectory following urbanization. There is, thus, an interlink too between income magnitudes Therefore, co-movements urbanization, connotation among income, use Green House Gas emissions are area be explored for highly polluting nations. This study thus aims investigate whether uses GHG cointegrated or having world's top 20 nations period 1970–2018. first underpins a theoretical background association four indicators then goes empirical verifications using time series econometric exercise. Using Johansen cointegration test Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) variables results show that have long run associations well short causal interplays mostly developed countries list. Income latent explanatory powers through emissions. Hence, policy makers concerned should on controlling process order manage ultimately reach end sustainable development.

Language: Английский

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in little penguins and associations with urbanisation and health parameters

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 912, P. 169084 - 169084

Published: Dec. 4, 2023

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are increasingly detected in wildlife present concerning unknown health risks. While there is a growing body of literature describing PFAS seabird species, knowledge from temperate Southern Hemisphere regions lacking. Little penguins (Eudyptula minor) can nest forage within heavily urbanised coastal environments hence may be at risk exposure to pollutants. We analysed scat contaminated nesting soils (n = 50) 17 colonies lutruwita/Tasmania for 16 PFAS, plasma samples 45) nine colonies, three eggs 49 PFAS. 14 across the sample types with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) perfluorohexanesulfonic (PFHxS) most commonly detected. Mean concentration PFOS was 2.56 ± 4.3 ng/mL (

Language: Английский

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The Heterophil-to-Lymphocyte (H/L) Ratio Indicates Varying Physiological Characteristics in Nestlings Compared to Adults in a Long-Lived Seabird

Birds, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 4 - 4

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

The ratio of the innate heterophils to acquired lymphocytes (the H/L-ratio) has been advocated as a good indicator physiological stress. Little is known, however, about their development in wild birds. present study investigates how leucocyte profiles develop nestlings long-lived seabird, Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). We counted blood leucocytes 10 and 25 days age (n = 23), breeding adults around time hatching 40) calculated H/L-ratio for all three groups. further investigated if any variation counts could be explained by body condition or stress-related hormone corticosterone. 10-day-old better showed greater investment heterophils, which increased H/L-ratio. initial focus on immunity shifted towards days, aligning with that adults. In adult Kittiwakes, correlated lower H/L-ratio, reverse pattern young nestlings, this was not linked stress (corticosterone) levels. Overall, our findings suggest reflects ontogeny traits individual condition. As an indicator, values must interpreted depending age, its sensitivity may also vary. such, always reliable stress, particular related release glucocorticoid hormones.

Language: Английский

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Urban trace metal contamination is negatively associated with condition and wing morphology in a common waterbird

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 126046 - 126046

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Health Stress in Birds Increase with Urbanization in a Large Tropical City

EcoHealth, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2025

Language: Английский

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Scale-dependent landscape variables and linear infrastructures influence smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) abundance in wetlands of a heavily urbanized lake

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 22, 2025

Abstract The degradation of freshwater ecosystems due to land use changes is one the major driver global biodiversity loss and amphibian declines with these impacts varying across different spatial scales. Our study aimed assess how natural human-modified affects smooth newt ( Lissotriton vulgaris ) abundance in surrounding waterbodies Lake Balaton, a highly urbanized area. We conducted aquatic trap surveys at 32 wetland sites during breeding season quantified cover within 250, 500, 1000-m radius buffer zones. hypothesized that urban use, cropland, proximity roads railways would negatively correlate abundance, while wetlands areas (marshes, swamps, periodically flooded grasslands) terrestrial habitats (grasslands, forests woodlands) positively correlate, effects N-mixture models were used analyse survey data, estimating examining relationships covariates. Results revealed 500-m zone increased probably supporting metapopulation connectivity. In contrast, cropland 250 m affected abundance. Conservation efforts should prioritize providing newts adequate reducing disturbances from croplands, roads, railways.

Language: Английский

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Ecotoxicological consequences of urbanization: A multi-biomarker approach to assessing sewage treatment plant effects on free-living birds

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 258, P. 119424 - 119424

Published: June 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Multiple morphophysiological responses of a tropical frog to urbanization conform to the pace-of-life syndrome

Conservation Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The Pace-of-Life syndrome proposes that behavioural, physiological and immune characteristics vary along a slow-fast gradient. Urbanization poses several challenges to organisms. However, little is known about how the health status of frogs affected by urbanization in Tropics, which have faster more recent than northern hemisphere. Here, we analysed suite variables reflect whole organism health, reproduction, metabolic circulatory physiology leukocyte responses Leptodactylus podicipinus. Specifically, tested profile, erythrocyte morphometrics germ cell density, as well somatic indices nuclear abnormalities differ throughout adult life span between urban rural populations. We used Phenotypic Trajectory Analysis test effect age site on each multivariate data sets; Generalised Linear Model abnormalities. Somatic indices, abnormalities, profile differed populations, but less so for density. found large with having twice many frogs. Our results suggest pace life, response phenotypic compartments not fully concerted.

Language: Английский

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