‘Langya’ Virus, A Zoonotic Henipavirus Recently Emerged in China, Public Health Concerns, and Counteracting Prevention and Control Measures- An Update DOI Open Access
Ranjit Sah, Jaffer Shah, P. S. Rao

et al.

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

The risk of 'zoonotic spillovers,' or the transmission viruses from animals to humans, has been raised by climate change and devastation nature, as infectious disease experts have long warned. Even world works stop spread currently unfolding pandemic coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) breakout monkeypox virus (MPXV), a new animal virus, Langya henipavirus (LayV), discovered in humans Eastern China. scientists say there is little danger spreading among but it shares genetic material with Hendra Nipah two other henipaviruses that infect cause life-threatening respiratory diseases. Humans infected LayV can expect experience high body temperature, cough, weariness, poor appetite, muscle discomfort, myalgia, nausea vomiting. It likely will humans. Currently, health authorities Taiwan organizations are tracking progress ailment ensure does not reach Researchers examined 25 species small wild for presence so far, shrews only ones tested positive virus's RNA. Based on these results, possible candidate natural reservoir. Too no therapies vaccines developed licensed like LayV. When fail alleviate viral infections, ribavirin may be next best thing. need novel vaccinations against infection timely delivery areas at epidemiological real. To lessen likelihood calamity being caused this newly developing crucial conduct active surveillance transparent globally collaborative manner. questions answered yet require additional study.

Language: Английский

Henipavirus zoonosis: outbreaks, animal hosts and potential new emergence DOI Creative Commons
Hongzhao Li,

Ji-Young V. Kim,

Bradley Pickering

et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 17, 2023

Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah (NiV) are biosafety level 4 zoonotic pathogens causing severe often fatal neurological respiratory disease. These agents have been recognized by the World Health Organization as top priority expected to result in future outbreaks. HeV has caused sporadic infections horses a small number of human cases Australia since 1994. The NiV Malaysia genotype (NiV-M) was responsible for 1998–1999 epizootic outbreak pigs with spillover humans Singapore. Since 2001, Bangladesh (NiV-B) predominant strain leading outbreaks almost every year India, hundreds humans. natural reservoir hosts fruit bats, which carry viruses without clinical manifestation. transmission pathways henipaviruses from bats remain poorly understood. Transmissions bridged an intermediate animal host, amplifies spreads Horses known NiV-M epidemic Singapore, respectively. During NiV-B Bangladesh, following initial thought be through consumption date palm sap, spread infection largely human-to-human transmission. Spillover recent India is less understood, primary route bat case(s) unknown no host established. This review aims provide concise update on epidemiology covering their previous current emphasis potential role livestock disease Also included up-to-date summary newly emerging henipa-like hosts. In these contexts we discuss knowledge gaps new challenges field propose directions.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
From fever to action: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses DOI Creative Commons
Muttiah Barathan

Pathogens and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 82

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness (AUFI) presents a clinical challenge, often characterized by sudden fever, non-specific symptoms, and potential life-threatening implications. This review highlights the global prevalence, types, challenges, implications of AUFI, especially in tropical subtropical regions where infectious diseases thrive. It delves into difficulties diagnosis, prevalence rates, regional variations, causes, ranging from bacterial viral infections to zoonotic diseases. Furthermore, it explores treatment strategies, preventive measures, critical role One Health approach addressing AUFI. The paper also addresses emerging risks ongoing outbreaks, including COVID-19, Rickettsia spp., other novel pathogens, emphasizing their impact on AUFI diagnosis management. Challenges resource-limited settings are analyzed, highlighting need for bolstered healthcare infrastructure, enhanced diagnostics, collaborative strategies. Amidst complexity threats, this underscores urgency multifaceted mitigate growing burden ensuring early appropriate treatment, effective prevention

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Unveiling emerging threats: Langya and Mojiang—A dance with unfamiliar foes DOI Creative Commons

Snehasis Nayak

Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Abstract Langya henipavirus (LayV) and Mojiang (MojV) are emerging zoonotic pathogens that were first identified in China 2018 2012 respectively, classified within the Henipavirus genus. This article presents an in-depth review of LayV MojV, focusing on their structural properties, viral entrance, consequences for human health. The pathogenic potential these viruses is investigated depth as well current diagnostic methods identifying MojV. Furthermore, treatment controlling MojV infections assessed, with a particular emphasis critical need tailored antiviral research. serves resource researchers healthcare professionals, offering up-to-date synthesis knowledge while underscoring significance public

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Genetic Diversity and Geographic Spread of Henipaviruses DOI
Yakhouba Kane, Betty Nalikka,

Alexander Tendu

et al.

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Henipaviruses, such as Hendra and Nipah viruses, are major zoonotic pathogens that cause encephalitis respiratory infections in humans animals. The recent emergence of Langya virus China highlights the need to understand henipavirus host diversity geographic spread prevent future outbreaks. Our analysis National Center for Biotechnology Information Virus VIRION databases revealed ≈1,117 sequences 142 complete genomes. Bats (64.7%) shrews (11.7%) dominated species record, genera Pteropus Crocidura contained key hosts Asia, Australia, Africa. Henipaviruses found Eidolon bat genus exhibited highest within-host genetic distance. Phylogenetic batborne rodent- or shrew-derived henipaviruses diverged ≈11,000 years ago first known lineage originating bats ≈9,900 ago. Pathogenic from their ancestors 2,800-1,200 Including atypical regions investigations is necessary control

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A conserved motif in Henipavirus P/V/W proteins drives the fibrillation of the W protein from Hendra virus DOI Creative Commons
Frank Gondelaud,

Christophe Bignon,

Denis Ptchelkine

et al.

Protein Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(4)

Published: March 18, 2025

The Hendra (HeV) and Nipah (NiV) viruses are high-priority, biosafety level-4 pathogens that cause fatal neurological respiratory disease. Their P gene encodes not only the protein, an essential polymerase cofactor, but also virulence factors V W. We previously showed W protein of HeV (WHeV) forms amyloid-like fibrils one its subdomains, PNT3, fibrillates in isolation. However, fibrillation kinetics is much faster case full-length WHeV compared to suggesting another region contributes process. In this work, we identified spanning residues 2-110 (PNT1) as crucial implicated fibrillation. Through site-directed mutagenesis, combined with thioflavin T binding experiments negative-staining transmission electron microscopy, a predicted cryptic amyloidogenic (CAR) within PNT1 main driver deciphered underlying molecular mechanism. Using FTIR, enriched cross β-sheets. Sequence alignment revealed conservation CAR across Henipavirus genus enabled identification hitherto never reported pro-amyloidogenic motif. ability form was experimentally shown be common property shared by proteins. Overall, study sheds light on mechanisms calls for future studies aimed at exploring relevance newly motif valuable target antiviral approaches.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Redox-dependent formation of a viral amyloid and functional impact DOI Creative Commons
Frank Gondelaud, Alexandre Lalande, Giulia Pesce

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract The Hendra and Nipah viruses (HeV NiV) are zoonotic biosafety level-4 pathogens within the Paramyxoviridae family. We previously showed that their W proteins form amyloid-like fibrils in vitro . Here, we demonstrate also forms cellula cysteine residues crucial dictating ability of to fibrillate. oxidation state acts as a switch generate either amorphous aggregates or flexible fibrils. Ectopic expression HeV induces an oxidative stress were observed nuclei different cell lines, with fibrillation being impaired by substitutions. Finally, nuclear associated impairment NF-κB pathway transfected cells. This work provides experimental evidence for Henipavirus fibrillate cells first clues on functional impact. Significance Statement severe infecting humans livestock, classified among 8 highest priorities research WHO. protein, along V is virulence factor responsible antiviral response inhibition here its into occurs nucleus cells, formation dependent redox residues. sole transfection provokes production reactive oxygen species, creating suitable environment form. show enhance repression response, thus pointing new promising target.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Square the Circle: Diversity of Viral Pathogens Causing Neuro-Infectious Diseases DOI Creative Commons

Varvara Nurmukanova,

Alina D. Matsvay, Maria A. Gordukova

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 787 - 787

Published: May 15, 2024

Neuroinfections rank among the top ten leading causes of child mortality globally, even in high-income countries. The crucial determinants for successful treatment lie timing and swiftness diagnosis. Although viruses constitute majority infectious neuropathologies, diagnosing treating viral neuroinfections remains challenging. Despite technological advancements, etiology disease undetermined over half cases. identification pathogen becomes more difficult when infection is caused by atypical pathogens or multiple simultaneously. Furthermore, modern surge global passenger traffic has led to an increase cases infections not endemic local areas. This review aims systematize summarize information on neuroinvasive pathogens, encompassing their geographic distribution transmission routes. Emphasis placed rare involving aiming offer a comprehensive structured catalog agents with neurovirulence potential.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Development and evaluation of a quadruple real-time fluorescence-based quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting Langya, Mojiang, Nipah, and Cedar viruses DOI Creative Commons

Wen‐Jun He,

Tian Ma,

Yalan Wang

et al.

Biosafety and Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 80 - 87

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

The emerging viruses within the genus Henipavirus in family Paramyxoviridae pose a great threat to public biosafety. To develop quadruple real-time fluorescence-based quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay is pivotal for early warning of potential zoonotic infectious diseases. Specific primers and probes were designed relatively conserved regions based on whole genome sequences Langya virus (LayV), Mojiang (MojV), Nipah (NiV), Cedar (CedV), followed by establishment qRT-PCR detection method. No cross-reactivity was observed with other viral nucleic acids. optimal linear range LayV, MojV, NiV, CedV 101-108 copies/μL, lower limit 10 copies/μL. Three different DNA concentrations (104, 105, 106 copies/μL) tested 14 times, achieving good repeatability. standard deviation cycle threshold values each concentration <0.5 coefficient variation <3 %. Furthermore, amplification efficiency >90 %, correlation >0.99. established exhibits sensitivity, specificity, Therefore, it can be used detect related clinical specimens.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Structural insights into the Langya virus attachment glycoprotein DOI

Chenghai Wang,

Min Li,

Yufan Wang

et al.

Structure, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(8), P. 1090 - 1098.e3

Published: May 29, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
A Comparative Assessment of the Pathogenic Potential of Newly Discovered Henipaviruses DOI Creative Commons
Kristina Meier, Judith Olejnik, Adam J. Hume

et al.

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 587 - 587

Published: July 16, 2024

Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have led to the discovery of a plethora previously unknown viruses animal samples. Some these newly detected are closely related human pathogens. A prime example henipaviruses. Both Nipah (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) cause severe disease humans. Henipaviruses zoonotic origin, hosts, including intermediate play critical role viral transmission The natural reservoir hosts NiV HeV seem be restricted few fruit bat species

Language: Английский

Citations

2