The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota–gut–brain communication

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 461 - 478

Published: May 23, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids From Gut Microbiota in Gut-Brain Communication

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 31, 2020

A substantial body of evidence supports that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulation metabolic, endocrine and immune functions. In recent years, there has been growing recognition involvement modulation multiple neurochemical pathways through highly interconnected gut-brain axis. Although amazing scientific breakthroughs over last few years have expanded our knowledge on communication between microbes their hosts, underpinnings microbiota-gut-brain crosstalk remain to be determined. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), main metabolites produced colon by bacterial fermentation dietary fibers resistant starch, are speculated play key neuro-immunoendocrine regulation. However, underlying mechanisms which SCFAs might influence brain physiology behavior not fully elucidated. this review, we will outline current about interactions. We also highlight how development future treatments for central nervous system (CNS) disorders can take advantage intimate mutual interactions with exploring function.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 23, 2022

Abstract The role of microbiota in health and diseases is being highlighted by numerous studies since its discovery. Depending on the localized regions, can be classified into gut, oral, respiratory, skin microbiota. microbial communities are symbiosis with host, contributing to homeostasis regulating immune function. However, dysbiosis lead dysregulation bodily functions including cardiovascular (CVDs), cancers, respiratory diseases, etc. In this review, we discuss current knowledge how links host or pathogenesis. We first summarize research healthy conditions, gut-brain axis, colonization resistance modulation. Then, highlight pathogenesis disease development progression, primarily associated community composition, modulation response, induction chronic inflammation. Finally, introduce clinical approaches that utilize for treatment, such as fecal transplantation.

Language: Английский

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Neuroprotective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mice: Gut microbiota, glial reaction and TLR4/TNF-α signaling pathway

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 48 - 60

Published: Feb. 20, 2018

Language: Английский

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Fecal microbiota transplantation protects rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease mice via suppressing inflammation mediated by the lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 signaling pathway through the microbiota-gut-brain axis

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, displaying not only well-known motor deficits but also gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Consistently, it has been increasingly evident that gut microbiota affects the communication between and brain in PD pathogenesis, known as microbiota-gut-brain axis. As an approach to re-establishing normal community, fecal transplantation (FMT) exerted beneficial effects on recent studies. Here, this study, we established chronic rotenone-induced mouse model evaluate protective of FMT treatment explore underlying mechanisms, which proves involvement dysbiosis pathogenesis via axis.We demonstrated induced by rotenone administration caused function impairment poor behavioral performances mice. Moreover, 16S RNA sequencing identified increase bacterial genera Akkermansia Desulfovibrio samples By contrast, remarkably restored microbial thus ameliorating dysfunctions Further experiments revealed alleviated intestinal inflammation barrier destruction, reducing levels systemic inflammation. Subsequently, attenuated blood-brain (BBB) suppressed neuroinflammation substantia nigra (SN), further decreased damage dopaminergic neurons. Additional mechanistic investigation discovered reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS) colon, serum, SN, thereafter suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway its downstream pro-inflammatory products both SN colon.Our current study demonstrates can correct ameliorate model, suppression mediated LPS-TLR4 possibly plays significant role. Further, prove involved genesis Video abstract.

Language: Английский

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Role of TLR4 in the gut-brain axis in Parkinson’s disease: a translational study from men to mice

Gut, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(5), P. 829 - 843

Published: Dec. 15, 2018

Objective Recent evidence suggesting an important role of gut-derived inflammation in brain disorders has opened up new directions to explore the possible gut-brain axis neurodegenerative diseases. Given prominence dysbiosis and colonic dysfunction patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), we propose that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated intestinal could contribute central PD-related neurodegeneration. Design To test this hypothesis performed studies both human tissue a murine model PD. Inflammation, immune activation microbiota composition were measured samples from subjects PD healthy controls rotenone or vehicle-treated mice. further assess TLR4 signalling PD-induced neuroinflammation, used TLR4-knockout (KO) mice conjunction oral administration Results Patients have barrier disruption, enhanced markers microbial translocation higher pro-inflammatory gene profiles biopsy compared controls. In regard, found increased expression bacterial endotoxin-specific ligand TLR4, CD3+ T cells, cytokine biopsies, characterised by decrease abundance SCFA-producing bacteria Rotenone treatment TLR4-KO revealed less inflammation, motor dysfunction, neuroinflammation neurodegeneration, relative rotenone-treated wild-type animals despite presence dysbiotic Conclusion Taken together, these suggest TLR4-mediated plays and/or which may be one key factors leading neurodegeneration

Language: Английский

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Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in Parkinson’s Disease

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 45, P. 53 - 61

Published: April 26, 2018

Language: Английский

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A gut bacterial amyloid promotes α-synuclein aggregation and motor impairment in mice

eLife, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 11, 2020

Amyloids are a class of protein with unique self-aggregation properties, and their aberrant accumulation can lead to cellular dysfunctions associated neurodegenerative diseases. While genetic environmental factors influence amyloid formation, molecular triggers and/or facilitators not well defined. Growing evidence suggests that non-identical proteins may accelerate reciprocal aggregation in prion-like fashion. humans encode ~30 amyloidogenic proteins, the gut microbiome also produces functional amyloids. For example, curli cell surface abundantly expressed by certain bacteria. In mice overexpressing human α-synuclein (αSyn), we reveal colonization curli-producing Escherichia coli promotes αSyn pathology brain. Curli expression is required for E. exacerbate αSyn-induced behavioral deficits, including intestinal motor impairments. Purified subunits biochemical assays, while oral treatment gut-restricted inhibitor prevents curli-mediated acceleration abnormalities. We propose exposure microbial amyloids gastrointestinal tract disease

Language: Английский

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Unraveling gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism

Movement Disorders, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 34(3), P. 396 - 405

Published: Dec. 21, 2018

Although several studies have suggested that abnormalities in gut microbiota may play a critical role the pathogenesis of PD, data are still extremely heterogeneous.16S gene ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed on fecal samples 350 individuals, subdivided into idiopathic PD (n = 193, whom 39 were drug naïve) stratified by disease duration, PSP 22), MSA and healthy controls (HC; n 113). Several confounders taken account, including dietary habits.Despite fact unadjusted comparison HC showed differences relative taxa abundances, significant results greatly reduced after adjusting for confounders. most these associated with lower abundance Lachnospiraceae only difference between de novo (remaining across almost all duration strata). Decreased increased Lactobacillaceae Christensenellaceae worse clinical profile, higher frequencies cognitive impairment, gait disturbances, postural instability. When compared HC, patients shared changes few exceptions: MSA, not lower, Prevotellaceae reduced; PSP, similar, Streptococcaceae reduced.Gut be an environmental modulator contribute to interindividual variability features. Data influenced need account future studies. Prospective needed elucidate net effect dysbiosis progression disease. © 2018 International Parkinson Movement Disorder Society.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease: Temporal stability and relations to disease progression

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 44, P. 691 - 707

Published: June 1, 2019

Several publications have described differences in cross-sectional comparisons of gut microbiota between patients with Parkinson's disease and control subjects, considerable variability the reported differentially abundant taxa. The temporal stability such alterations their relationship to progression not been previously studied a high-throughput sequencing based approach.We collected clinical data stool samples from 64 subjects twice, on average 2·25 years apart. Disease was evaluated changes Unified Rating Scale Levodopa Equivalent Dose, were characterized 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.We compared controls, stable those faster progression. There significant microbial communities controls when corrected for confounders, but timepoints. Specific bacterial taxa that differed at both timepoints included several ones, as Roseburia, Prevotella Bifidobacterium. In comparisons, inconsistent across methods timepoints, there some support different distribution enterotypes decreased abundance faster-progressing patients.The detected persisted after 2 years. While we found evidence connection progression, longer follow-up period is required confirm these findings.

Language: Английский

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