Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Related Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 330 - 330

Published: Dec. 30, 2020

Obesity is an important aspect of the metabolic syndrome and often associated with chronic inflammation. In this context, inflammation organs participating in energy homeostasis (such as liver, adipose tissue, muscle pancreas) leads to recruitment activation macrophages, which secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-1β secretion, sustained C-reactive protein plasma levels NLRP3 inflammasome characterize The Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) enzyme a central regulator lipid metabolism fat storage. This catalyzes generation monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)-major components triglycerides stored droplets-from saturated acid (SFA) substrates. review, we describe molecular effects specific classes (saturated unsaturated) better understand impact different diets (Western versus Mediterranean) on context. Given beneficial MUFA-rich Mediterranean diet, also present most recent data role SCD1 activity modulation SFA-induced

Language: Английский

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Implications of altered NAD metabolism in metabolic disorders

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: May 11, 2019

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important coenzyme that participates in various energy metabolism pathways, including glycolysis, β-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides, it a required cofactor for post-translational modifications such as ADP-ribosylation deacetylation by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) sirtuins, respectively. Thus, NAD regulates metabolism, DNA damage repair, gene expression, stress response through these enzymes. Numerous studies have shown levels decrease with aging under disturbed nutrient conditions, obesity. Additionally, decline closely related to the development of metabolic disorders, diabetes fatty liver disease. In addition, many revealed administration precursors, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) riboside (NR), efficiently increase tissues prevent diseases. These precursors are contained natural foods, cow milk, vegetables, meats. Therefore, altered can be practical target nutritional intervention. Recently, several human clinical trials using been conducted investigate safety, pharmacokinetics, efficacy against disorders glucose intolerance. this review, we summarize current knowledge on implications diseases discuss outcomes recent trials.

Language: Английский

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The Effect of the Mediterranean Diet on Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials in Adults

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 3342 - 3342

Published: Oct. 30, 2020

The Mediterranean diet (MD) may provide metabolic benefits but no systematic review to date has examined its effect on a multitude of outcomes related health. This with meta-analysis (International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO; number CRD42019141459) aimed examine the MD's syndrome (MetSyn) incidence, components and risk factors (primary outcomes), incidence and/or mortality from MetSyn-related comorbidities receipt pharmacologic treatment for MetSyn (secondary outcomes). We searched Pubmed, Embase, Cumulative Index Nursing Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web Science controlled trials published until June 2019, comparing MD treatment, usual care, or different diets in adults. Studies not English promoting whole were excluded. Two authors independently extracted data assessed bias using Cochrane Collaboration's Risk Bias non-randomised studies (ROBINS-I) tools. Reporting followed Preferred Items Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses meta-regressions performed, heterogeneity was quantified I2 statistic. identified 2654 reports included 84 articles reporting 57 (n = 36,983). In random effects resulted greater beneficial changes 18 28 (body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic diastolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) total-, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- high-density (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, alanine transaminase, hepatic fat mass, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-a, flow-mediated dilatation) lower cardiovascular disease (risk ratio (RR) 0.61, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.42-0.80; 0%), stroke (RR 0.67, CI 0.35-0.98; 0%). Only six reported pharmacotherapy use, pooled analysis indicated differences between groups. Lack consistency comparator groups other study characteristics across high some outcomes, which could be considerably explained by meta-regressions. However, consistent direction observed vast majority examined. Findings support all most MetSyn, addition incidence. More are needed establish clinical use comorbidities. Despite levels this enabled comparison findings examination effects. effect, suggesting health, supports need promote dietary pattern adult populations.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms Involved in the Relationship between Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance: Impact on Clinical Practice

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 3491 - 3491

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Recent evidence has revealed anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D as well extra-skeletal activity. In this context, seems to be involved in infections, autoimmune diseases, cardiometabolic and cancer development. recent years, the relationship between insulin resistance been a topic growing interest. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) levels appear associated with most disorders described date. fact, deficiency may one factors accelerating development resistance. Vitamin is common problem population pathogenesis diseases related resistance, such obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MS) polycystic ovary (PCOS). An important question identification 25(OH)D capable generating an effect on glucose metabolism decrease risk developing disorders. The benefits supplementation/repletion bone health are known, although there biological plausibility linking status supported by basic clinical research findings, well-designed randomized trials necessary know molecular pathways association.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles: mediators of intercellular communication in tissue injury and disease

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Oct. 16, 2021

Abstract Intercellular communication is a critical process that ensures cooperation between distinct cell types and maintains homeostasis. EVs, which were initially described as cellular debris devoid of biological function, are now recognized key components in cell–cell communication. EVs known to carry multiple factors derived from their origin, including cytokines chemokines, active enzymes, metabolites, nucleic acids, surface molecules, can alter the behavior recipient cells. Since cargo reflects parental cells, damaged dysfunctional tissue environments offer an abundance information toward elucidating molecular mechanisms various diseases pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss most recent findings regarding role progression cancer, metabolic disorders, inflammatory lung given high prevalence these conditions worldwide important intercellular immune, parenchymal, stromal cells plays development states. We also consider clinical applications possibilities for use novel therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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