The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 28, 2023

Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, provides basis for common understanding these chronic diseases. In this study, we provide systematic review causes, mechanisms, treatments IR. The pathogenesis IR depends on genetics, obesity, age, drug effects. Mechanistically, any factor leading to abnormalities insulin signaling pathway leads host, including receptor abnormalities, disturbances internal environment (regarding inflammation, hypoxia, lipotoxicity, immunity), metabolic function organelles, other abnormalities. available therapeutic strategies are mainly exercise dietary habit improvement, chemotherapy based biguanides glucagon-like peptide-1, traditional Chinese medicine (e.g., herbs acupuncture) can also be helpful. Based current there still some vacancies follow up consider, is need define more precise biomarkers different lifestyle interventions, explore natural or synthetic drugs targeting treatment. This could enable treatment patients with multiple combined diseases, aim treating disease holistically reduce healthcare expenditures improve quality life extent.

Language: Английский

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Pediatric obesity—Long‐term consequences and effect of weight loss

Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 292(6), P. 870 - 891

Published: July 27, 2022

Abstract Childhood obesity is, according to the WHO, one of most serious challenges 21st century. More than 100 million children have today. Already during childhood, almost all organs are at risk being affected by obesity. In this review, we present current knowledge about diseases associated with childhood and how they weight loss. One major causative factor is obesity‐induced low‐grade chronic inflammation, which can be observed already in preschool children. This inflammation—together endocrine, paracrine, metabolic effects obesity—increases long‐term for several severe diseases. Type 2 diabetes increasingly prevalent adolescents young adults who had childhood. When it diagnosed individuals, morbidity mortality rate higher when occurs later life, more dangerous type 1 diabetes. also increases autoimmune such as multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, arthritis, well established that cardiovascular disease. Consequently, premature mortality, three times before 30 years age compared normal population. The risks modified However, reduction loss occurs. general, early loss—that puberty—is beneficial, but there marked disease‐specific differences.

Language: Английский

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Progress in the Relationship between Vitamin D Deficiency and the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children

Journal of Diabetes Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 8

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease, due to a large number of islet β cells damaged, resulting in absolute lack insulin, ultimately relying on insulin therapy. Vitamin D fat-soluble sterol derivative that not only participates calcium and phosphorus metabolism but also acts as immunomodulatory role by binding nuclear vitamin receptors regulate the expression transcription factors. Increasing evidence has shown immunoregulation anti-inflammatory effects, it may play T cell regulatory responses downregulation cathepsin G inhibition CD4+ activation protection from immune attack beneficial decreasing oxidative stress T1DM patients. Epidemiologic demonstrates involvement deficiency pathogenesis, with system improperly targeting destroying its own cells. In addition, polymorphisms genes critical for increase risk autoimmunity T1DM. this paper, relationship between molecular mechanism was discussed.

Language: Английский

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The Management of Diabetes Mellitus Using Medicinal Plants and Vitamins

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 9085 - 9085

Published: May 22, 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic metabolic disease that associated with hyperglycemia and several complications including cardiovascular kidney disease. DM caused by high levels of blood sugar in the body disruption insulin metabolism homeostasis. Over time, can induce life-threatening health problems such as blindness, heart disease, damage, stroke. Although cure has improved over past decades, its morbidity mortality rates remain high. Hence, new therapeutic strategies are needed to overcome burden this One prevention treatment strategy easily accessible diabetic patients at low cost use medicinal plants, vitamins, essential elements. The research objective review article study explore modalities based on plants vitamins. To achieve our objective, we searched scientific databases ongoing trials PubMed Central, Medline databases, Google Scholar websites. We also World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform collect relevant papers. Results numerous investigations revealed phytochemicals present (Allium sativum, Momordica charantia, Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Zingiber officinale) possess anti-hypoglycemic activities show promise for and/or control DM. intake vitamins C, D, E, or their combination improves diabetes reducing glucose, inflammation, lipid peroxidation, pressure levels. However, very limited studies have addressed benefits chemo-therapeutic/preventive agents management This paper aims addressing knowledge gap studying highlighting biomedical significance most potent hypoglycemic properties great potential prevent treat

Language: Английский

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FATORES ESTRESSORES PARA A EQUIPE DE ENFERMAGEM DAS UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

Published: June 30, 2023

SEM RESUMO

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The Role of Vitamin D and Its Molecular Bases in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease: State of the Art

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(20), P. 15485 - 15485

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

In the last decade, an increasing awareness was directed to role of Vitamin D in non-skeletal and preventive roles for chronic diseases. is essential hormone regulating calcium/phosphorous balance pathogenesis inflammation, insulin resistance, obesity. The main forms vitamin D, Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) Ergocalciferol D2) are converted into active form (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) thanks two hydroxylations liver, kidney, pancreas, immune cells. Some anti-inflammatory cytokines produced at higher levels by while some pro-inflammatory released lower levels. Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) expression increased, a state also linked low D. Regardless how it affects various pathways suggest that directly improves sensitivity secretion. level body may change ratio pro- cytokines, which would impact action, lipid metabolism, development function adipose tissue. Many studies have demonstrated inverse relationship between concentrations markers, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disease. It interesting note several long-term revealed correlation occurrence diabetes mellitus. supplementation people has controversial effects. While improvements sensitivity, glucose, others no significant effect on glycemic homeostasis inflammation. This review aims provide insight molecular basis type 1 2 diabetes, gestational

Language: Английский

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How inflammation dictates diabetic peripheral neuropathy: An enlightening review

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) constitutes a debilitating complication associated with diabetes. Although, the past decade has seen rapid developments in understanding complex etiology of DPN, there are no approved therapies that can halt development or target damaged nerve. Therefore, clarifying pathogenesis DPN and finding effective treatment crucial issues for clinical management DPN.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D and exercise improve VEGF-B production and IGF-1 levels in diabetic rats: insights the role of miR-1 suppression

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with the development of vascular damage in heart. In this study, researchers aimed to determine whether Aerobic Training (AT) and Vitamin D supplementation (Vit D) could alleviate heart complications caused by diabetes. The effects an eight-week AT program Vit on expression miR-1, IGF-1 genes, VEGF-B cardiomyocytes rats T2DM. This study was experimental investigation. Fifty male Wistar were divided into groups Non-Diabetic Obese Control (NC; n = 10), diabetic (n 40). then randomly four groups: plus (AT + D; n-=10), Diabetic (C; 10). exercise underwent treadmill training for 8 weeks at aerobic intensity equal 50–60% their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), which corresponded a speed 15–25 m/min 0% incline, 30–60 min per day, 5 days week. received 5,000 international units (IU) (combined sesame oil) week via single-dose injection. Data analyzed using one-way analysis variance (ANOVA) followed Tukey's post-hoc test multiple comparisons among groups. Paired data paired t-tests. results showed that BW, BMI, FI significantly decreased (p 0.001 all variables), variables) compared baseline. contrast, increased C 0.001, p 0.006, 0.020, respectively) NC Significant differences observed between terms visceral fat, insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR variables). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin levels varied 0.002). group both comparisons), upregulated downregulated miR-1 comparisons) groups, respectively. T2DM while decreasing miR-1. These more pronounced when combined. concludes combination has cardio-protective rats, counteracting abnormal angiogenesis induced are mediated, least part, upregulation VEGF-B, downregulation

Language: Английский

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Integrative Roles of Functional Foods, Microbiotics, Nutrigenetics, and Nutrigenomics in Managing Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 608 - 608

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Diabetes and obesity are globally prevalent metabolic disorders posing significant public health challenges. The effective management of these conditions requires integrated personalized strategies. This study conducted a systematic literature review, identifying 335 relevant papers, with 129 core articles selected after screening for duplicates irrelevant studies. focus the is on synergistic roles functional foods, microbiotics, nutrigenomics. Functional including phytochemicals (e.g., polyphenols dietary fibers), zoochemicals essential fatty acids), bioactive compounds from macrofungi, exhibit potential in enhancing insulin sensitivity, regulating lipid metabolism, reducing inflammatory responses, improving antioxidant capacity. Additionally, critical role gut microbiota highlighted, as its interaction foods facilitates modulation pathways. Nutrigenomics, encompassing nutrigenetics genomics, reveals how genetic variations single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) influence responses gene expression, forming feedback loop between habits, variations, microbiota, health. review integrates insights to propose comprehensive sustainable nutrition interventions, offering novel perspectives preventing managing type 2 diabetes obesity. Future clinical studies warranted validate long-term efficacy safety

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency on the Outcome of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 2310 - 2310

Published: May 15, 2023

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are public health concerns that have contributed to multiple negative outcomes. Recent studies revealed vitamin influence glycaemic control the development of diabetes complications. The goal this systematic review is summarise latest evidence on impact outcome Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. In PRISMA-guided review, articles were sourced from three databases, namely, PubMed, Scopus, Web Science. only included literature published 2012 until 2022, 33 eligible met inclusion criteria for review. critically appraised using Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). According our findings, or associated with mental status, macrovascular microvascular complications T2DM, metabolic syndrome, increased risk obesity, blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, control, nerve-related disease, musculoskeletal-related complications, reduced quality life. Due diverse implications insufficiency, screening levels in T2DM patients may be beneficial.

Language: Английский

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