Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(6), P. 336 - 348

Published: Feb. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Thyroid function during COVID-19 and post-COVID complications in adults: a systematic review

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, has presented multifaceted health challenges. COVID-19 primarily targets system but also affects multiple organ systems, including endocrine system. Emerging evidence suggests interactions between thyroid function, phase of COVID-19, and prolonged symptoms known as post-COVID sequalae or long COVID. Several studies have reported that can induce dysfunction, leading to conditions such thyroiditis alterations in hormone levels. mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 include direct viral infection cells, thyroiditis, causes inflammation transient sustained well an excessive systemic immune response (cytokine storm). This is associated with elevated levels cytokines, IL-6, disrupt function lead nonthyroidal illness (NTIS). Medications administered during phase, corticosteroids antiviral drugs, impact actions. involvement gland COVID, postacute sequelae infection, area not defined, potential implications for understanding managing this condition. Persistent low-grade affecting over time ongoing exacerbate pre-existing conditions. Viral infections, SARS-CoV-2, trigger worsen autoimmune diseases, Hashimoto’s Graves’ disease. Long COVID may hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, can, turn, affect hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) abnormal function. review was designed systematically capture recent literature on COVID-19-related dysfunction adult population, prognostic consequences effects patients A comprehensive search PubMed EMBASE databases conducted. systematic performed based Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Study quality assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). total 53 met inclusion criteria. summarises findings provides update current spectrum disorders, underscoring complex nature its far-reaching impacts human health.

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 and thyroid function: What do we know so far?

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was characterized as a pandemic in March, 2020 by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 is respiratory syndrome that can progress to acute distress syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction, and eventually death. Despite being considered disease, it known other organs systems be affected COVID-19, including thyroid gland. Thyroid gland, well hypothalamus pituitary, which regulate functioning of most endocrine glands, express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), main protein functions receptor SARS-CoV-2 binds enter host cells. In addition, gland extremely sensitive changes body homeostasis metabolism. Immune system cells are targets for hormones T3 T4 modulate specific immune responses, cell-mediated immunity, natural killer cell activity, antiviral action interferon (IFN) proliferation T- B-lymphocytes. However, studies show patients with controlled hypothyroidism hyperthyroidism do not have higher prevalence nor they worse prognosis when infected virus. On hand, retrospective observational studies, prospective case reports published last two years reported abnormal function related infection or even several weeks after its resolution. Indeed, variety disorders been documented patients, non-thyroidal illness (NTIS), subacute thyroiditis thyrotoxicosis. has already consequence administration vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, data revealed may occur during convalescence post-COVID condition phase. Although cellular molecular mechanisms completely understood, evidence suggests “cytokine storm” an important mediator this context. Thus, future needed better investigate pathophysiology dysfunction induced at both clinical levels.

Language: Английский

---

The prevalence of thyroid disorders in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Endocrine Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Objectives To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid disorders in COVID-19 patients. Data sources Scopus, PubMed, ISI Web Science, Google Scholar databases were used this review. We also consider results grey literature. Study selections Cohort, cross-sectional, case-control studies included. extraction synthesis The required data extracted by first author article reviewed second author. Pooled outcomes interest was applied using meta-prop method with pooled estimate after Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine Transformation stabilize variances. Outcomes measured different main study. diseases include non-thyroidal illness syndrome, thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, isolated elevated free T4, low T4. Results Eight articles included our meta-analysis(Total participants: 1654). events FT4, NTIS, thyrotoxicosis estimated (Pooled P = 3%, 95% CI:2–5%, I2: 78%), 2%, CI: 0–4%, 66%), 1%, 0–1%, 0%), 26%, 10–42%, 98%), 10%, 4–16%, 89%), respectively. Conclusion Thyroid dysfunction is common patients, high syndrome (NTIS) thyrotoxicosis. Our found 26% NTIS 10% Systematic registration PROSPERO CRD42022312601.

Language: Английский

---

The New Entity of Subacute Thyroiditis amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Infection to Vaccine

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 960 - 960

Published: April 12, 2022

This is a review of full-length articles strictly concerning subacute thyroiditis (SAT) in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection (SVI) and COVID-19 vaccine (COV) that were published between 1st March 2020 21st 2022 PubMed-indexed journals. A total 161 cases reported as follows: 81 SAT-SVI (2 retrospective studies, 5 case series, 29 reports), 80 respective SAT-COV (1 longitudinal study, 14 17 reports; also, 1 prospective study included 12 patients, with 6 patients each category). To our knowledge, this represents largest cohort until present time. was detected adults aged 18 85 years, mostly middle-aged females. SAT-COVID-19 timing classifies SAT viral (synchronous infection, which an original feature SATs usually follow infection) post-viral (during recovery period or after within 8 weeks, up maximum 24 weeks). The clinical spectrum has two patterns: either accompanying severe multi-organ spreading (most frequent lung involvement) asymptomatic being single manifestation first presentation. Either way, may remain unrecognized. Some data suggest more intense neck pain, fever, hypothyroidism at 3 months are identified when compared non-SAT-SVI, but other authors have similar presentations outcomes. Post-COVID-19 fatigue be due residual post-SAT hypothyroidism. practical importance derives from fact thyroid hormone anomalies aggravate general status infections (particular concerns tachycardia/arrhythmias, cardiac insufficiency, ischemic events). If misdiagnosed, results unnecessary treatment anti-thyroid drugs even antibiotics for fever unknown cause. Once recognized, does not seem require particular approach non-COVID-19 cases, including need glucocorticoid therapy rate permanent complete resolution inflammation expected, except persistent follows few hours average 2 weeks (no pattern related second dose). Pathogenesis includes molecular mimicry immunoinflammatory anomalies, some suggested part ASIA syndrome (autoimmune/inflammatory induced by adjuvants). An alternative hypothesis vaccine-related increased autoimmunity vaccine-induced hyperviscosity; however, supported incomplete evidence. From what we know so far risk factors, prior episode non-SVI-SAT associated higher SAT-COV, nor previous history coronavirus itself. Post-vaccine less presentation good outcome. Generally, female sex prone developing any type SAT. HLA susceptibility probably both new types SATs. current low level statistical evidence expected change future. Practitioners should aware restrict immunization protocols case.

Language: Английский

---

The immune factors have complex causal regulation effects on inflammatory bowel disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Although a correlation between immune cell phenotypes and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been established, causal relationship remains unestablished.

Language: Английский

---

Suppression of Pituitary Hormone Genes in Subjects Who Died From COVID-19 Independently of Virus Detection in the Gland

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 107(8), P. 2243 - 2253

Published: May 14, 2022

Abstract Context Involvement of the pituitary gland in SARS-CoV-2 infection has been clinically suggested by hormone deficiency severe COVID-19 cases, altered serum adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) levels hospitalized patients, and cases apoplexy. However, direct viral not investigated. Objective To evaluate whether genome antigens could be present glands lethal COVID-19, to assess possible changes expression immune-related pituitary-specific genes. Methods were searched 23 patients who died from and, as controls, 12 subjects trauma or sudden cardiac death. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy utilized. Levels mRNA transcripts genes measured nCounter assay. Results The detected 14/23 (61%) group, controls. In SARS-CoV-2–positive pituitaries, was consistently PCR adeno- neurohypophysis. Immunohistochemistry, confirmed presence pituitary. Activation type I interferon signaling enhanced neutrophil cytotoxic cell scores found virus-positive glands. hormones developmental/regulatory suppressed all irrespective virus positivity. Conclusion Our study supports tropism for human encourages exploration dysfunction after COVID-19.

Language: Английский

---

Predictive Effects of FT3/FT4 on Diabetic Kidney Disease: An Exploratory Study on Hospitalized Euthyroid Patients with T2DM in China

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 2211 - 2211

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Objective: This study aims to explore the correlation between free-triiodothyronine (FT3)-to-free-thyroxine (FT4) ratio (FT3/FT4) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: retrospectively analyzed 1729 T2DM hospitalized Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, from January 2017 August 2021, including 1075 males 654 females. In accordance FT3/FT4, were divided into three groups. Results: (1) The levels glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG) postprandial (PBG) among groups significantly different, low FT3/FT4 group having highest HbA1c, FBG PBG (F = 39.39, p < 0.01; F 27.04, 5.76, 0.03; respectively). (2) proportion DKD is lowest high (χ2 25.83, 0.01). (3) Logistic regression showed that independent risk factors for (OR 2.36, 95 CI% 1.63, 3.43; Conclusion: A decrease an predictor occurrence T2DM.

Language: Английский

---

Impact of thyroid hormones on predicting the occurrence of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome in patients with sepsis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Background The prevalence of persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS) has an upward trend in sepsis patients can be associated with poor outcomes. Thyroid hormones are expected to correlated immunity, metabolism. Thus, the purpose this study was evaluate effect thyroid on occurrence PICS then further explore optimal level them sepsis. Methods This retrospective observational used online database Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV. Univariate multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed determine correlations between hormone levels PICS. A combination independent development factors established accuracy assessed using area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Results Patients divided into (n=205) non-PICS (n=671) groups. third quartiles triiodothyronine (T3) (60-80ng/dl) thyroxine (T4) (5.5-6.8ug/dl) had lowest incidence adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.33 (T3, p=0.009) 0.39 (T4, p=0.006), respectively, compared first T3 T4. For a pre-existing deficiency, severe deficiency (T3 &lt;60ng/dl) high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score significantly related incidence. AUC these combined parameters predicting 0.748 (all patients) 0.861 (patients without disease). Conclusions mild risk-adjusted (&lt;60ng/dl) SOFA risk occurrence.

Language: Английский

---

Risk factors for thyroid hormone replacement therapy after hemithyroidectomy and development of a predictive nomogram

Endocrine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(1), P. 85 - 94

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

---