IL-10 Counteracts IFN-γ to Alleviate Acute Lung Injury in a Viral-Bacterial Superinfection Model

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 110 - 120

Published: April 4, 2024

Immune activation is essential for lung control of viral and bacterial infection, but an overwhelming inflammatory response often leads to the onset acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Interleukin-10 (IL-10) plays a crucial role in regulating balance between antimicrobial immunity immunopathology. In current study, we have investigated IL-10 injury (ALI) induced by influenza A virus (IAV) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) coinfection. This unique coinfection model resembles pneumonia patients undergoing appropriate antibiotic therapies. Using global receptor (IL-10R) gene-deficient mice, as well vivo neutralizing antibodies, here show that deficiency promotes IFN-γ-dominant cytokine responses triggers animal death. Interestingly, this extreme susceptibility fully preventable IFN-γ neutralization during Further studies using mice with Il10ra deletion selective myeloid subsets reveal primarily acts on mononuclear phagocytes prevent IFN-γ/TNF-α hyper-production mortality. Importantly, anti-inflammatory signaling independent its inhibitory effect antiviral antibacterial defense. Collectively, our results demonstrate key mechanism preventing hypercytokinemia ARDS pathogenesis counteracting response.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling Muscle Impairment Associated With COVID-19 and the Role of 3D Culture in Its Investigation

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been considered a public health emergency, extensively investigated researchers. Accordingly, the tract main research focus, with some other studies outlining effects on neurological, cardiovascular, and renal systems. However, concerning SARS-CoV-2 outcomes skeletal muscle, scientific evidence is still not sufficiently strong to trace, treat prevent possible muscle impairment due COVID-19. Simultaneously, there considerable amount of reporting damage in context Among detrimental musculoskeletal conditions associated viral infection, most commonly described are sarcopenia, cachexia, myalgia, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Of note, risk developing sarcopenia during or after COVID-19 relatively high, which poses special importance condition amid infection. The yet uncovered mechanisms injury takes place lack published methods tailored study correlation between hinder ability healthcare professionals provide infected patients an adequate treatment plan. present review aims minimize this burden both thoroughly exploring interaction system examining cutting-edge 3D cell culture techniques capable revolutionizing dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Cardiac SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Involvement of Cytokines in Postmortem Immunohistochemical Study

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 787 - 787

Published: April 9, 2024

In the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, significant attention was given to pulmonary manifestations. However, cardiac involvement is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing prognosis, leading myocardial damage, heart failure, coronary syndromes, potentially lethal arrhythmic events, and sudden death. Despite these findings, there lack studies detailing necroscopic, macroscopic, microscopic changes associated with SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed investigate presence SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins in tissue using immunohistochemical techniques assess tropism. The analysis samples from deceased subjects, different stages conservation, confirmed be positive for via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), showed immunopositivity SARS-CoV-2-NP antigen 33% cases. Notably, leukocyte infiltrates sufficient diagnosing lymphocytic myocarditis not observed. central proinflammatory cytokines involved pathogenetic mechanism disease 19 (COVID-19) were researched method. A increase cytokine expression detected, indicating dysfunction during infection. These findings suggest that detection antigens inflammatory could crucial proper forensic assessment cause death, even

Language: Английский

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Post-COVID-19 Era Forensics: Hospital Autopsies, New Methodologies, and Medicolegal Perspectives

Forensic Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 8 - 8

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Background: Hospital autopsies, once considered fundamental to evidence-based medicine, have declined in many Western countries due legislative changes, faith-based objections, and inadequate funding public healthcare. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has revitalized interest their importance for determining cause of death generating health statistics. This study analyzes factors contributing this decline, with a focus on Italian context new medicolegal perspectives arising post-pandemic era. Methods: The research was conducted through an analysis 91 relevant scientific sources, including government documents, policy briefs, academic studies. Legislative regulatory influencing reduction hospital autopsies were examined, along technological that emerged following pandemic. Special attention given pandemic’s impact autopsy practices. Results: revealed perceived “low value” often stems from advancements, which led view these procedures as redundant. post-COVID-19 era, there been renewed awareness value significant implications statistics evolution forensic medicine. Conclusions: highlighted vital role delivering accurate medical information, prompting Moving forward, will need balance innovations traditional practices, paving way medicine data management.

Language: Английский

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Assessing Biomarkers in Viral Infection

Advances in experimental medicine and biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 159 - 173

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Pneumonia and Cytokine Storm Syndrome

Advances in experimental medicine and biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 307 - 319

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Impact of COVID-19 on Ocular Surface Health: Infection Mechanisms, Immune Modulation, and Inflammatory Responses

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 68 - 68

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has presented formidable challenges to global health since its emergence in late 2019. While primarily known for respiratory symptoms, it can also affect the ocular surface. This review summarizes effects of SARS-CoV-2 on surface immunity and inflammation, focusing infection mechanisms, immune responses, clinical manifestations. Ocular though uncommon, include conjunctivitis, dry eye, blurred vision. binds ACE2 receptors epithelial cells, facilitating viral entry, replication, local dissemination. The innate responses involving corneal cells are discussed, alongside mechanisms antigen presentation adaptive immunity. examines roles cytokines chemokines mediating inflammation explores impact cytokine storms chronic health. Additionally, interplay between systemic is highlighted, analyzing how COVID-19 influences These insights underscore broader implications beyond localized infection. By consolidating current findings, this aims guide preventive therapeutic strategies while identifying directions future research mitigate consequences COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic plasma exchange accelerates immune cell recovery in severe COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Immunological disturbances (anti-type I IFN auto-antibody production, cytokine storm, lymphopenia, T-cell hyperactivation and exhaustion) are responsible for disease exacerbation during severe COVID-19 infections. In this study, we set up a prospective, randomised clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04751643) performed therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in patients order to decrease excess cytokines auto-antibodies assess whether adding TPE the standard treatment (ST, including corticosteroids plus high-flow rate oxygen) could help restore immune parameters limit progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As expected, performing decreased amount anti-type improved elimination or limited production certain inflammatory mediators (IL-18, IL-7, CCL2, CCL3, etc.) circulating blood patients, compared ST controls. Interestingly, while did not influence changes ARDS throughout protocol, it proved more effective than reversing preventing reducing exhaustion, notably fraction who had an early favourable outcome. also restored appropriate numbers CD4+ CD8+ memory populations increased number virus-specific T cells these patients. Our results therefore indicate that addition sessions accelerates cell recovery contributes development antiviral responses some with disease.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 infection exacerbates fibrosis and develops new-onset asthma in damaged lung by polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 494, P. 138430 - 138430

Published: May 1, 2025

Modern society faces a variety of respiratory-related threats from the increased use chemicals and periodic outbreaks infectious diseases. This study investigates connection between chemically-induced lung damage SARS-CoV-2 infection, addressing critical research gap. To investigate this connection, we conducted using mouse model to assess infection symptoms in lungs injured by polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG-p). Our revealed that PHMG-p-Induced Lung Injury (PILI) mice exhibited severe inflammatory responses following infection. Cytokine storm-related factors were significantly elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluids infected PILI mice, indicating RNA-seq analysis showed upregulated genes associated with respiratory tract diseases immune responses. Downregulated primarily involved lipid metabolism processes. We also identified alterations four _genes linked asthma development correlating clinical observations patients. findings suggest chemically damaged may exacerbate potentially lead new-onset asthma. highlights risk severity emphasizes need for heightened awareness health individuals exposed chemicals, especially during disease outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Liver pathology in COVID-19 related death and leading role of autopsy in the pandemic

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 200 - 220

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Information on liver involvement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 is currently fragmented.To highlight the pathological changes found during autopsy of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 positive patients.A systematic literature search PubMed was carried out until June 21, 2022.A review reveals that pre-existing and elevation enzyme these are not common; elevations tend to be seen those critical conditions. Despite poor expression viral receptors liver, it seems virus able infect this organ therefore cause damage. Unfortunately, date, for inside frequent (16% cases) only a small number show presence virus. In most cases, macroscopic assessment lacking, while microscopic evaluation livers has revealed congestion (42.7%) steatosis (41.6%). Less finding hepatic inflammation or necrosis (19%) portal (18%). The microthrombi, frequently lungs, infrequent 12% cases presenting thrombotic formations within vascular tree.To greatest problem interpreting modifications remains association damage direct action virus, rather than alterations induced by hypoxia hypovolemia undergoing oxygen therapy decompensated patients.

Language: Английский

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