Increased Excitability Induced in the Primary Motor Cortex by Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Nov. 28, 2018

Background: Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation (tUS) is an emerging technique that uses ultrasonic waves to noninvasively modulate brain activity. As with other forms of non-invasive stimulation (NIBS), tUS may be useful for altering cortical excitability and neuroplasticity a variety research clinical applications. The effects on are still unclear, further complications arise from the wide parameter space offered by various types devices, transducer arrangements, protocols. Diagnostic ultrasound imaging devices safe, readily available systems tUS. However, feasibility modifying activity diagnostic currently unknown. Objective: We aimed examine commercial device using protocol excitability. hypothesized applied motor cortex could induce changes in as measured transcranial magnetic (TMS) evoked potential (MEP) paradigm. Methods: Forty-three subjects were assigned receive either verum (n=21) or sham (n=22) single-blind design. Baseline was MEPs elicited TMS. subsequently administered same area 2 minutes, immediately followed repeated post-stimulation recorded up 16 minutes post-stimulation. Results: Verum increased (from baseline) 33.7% following (p = 0.009), 32.4% 0.047) 6 later, no longer significantly different baseline 11 By contrast, receiving showed significant MEP amplitude. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate delivered via commercially system transiently increases MEPs. available, present results suggest they offer promising tool modulating central nervous system. Further studies exploring use neuromodulation warranted.

Language: Английский

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Broadband near‐infrared emission enhancement in K₂Ga₂Sn₆O₁₆:Cr³⁺ phosphor by electron‐lattice coupling regulation

Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 103(9), P. 5067 - 5075

Published: April 14, 2020

Abstract Cr 3+ ‐doped phosphors have recently gained attention for their application in broadband near‐infrared phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs), but generally exhibit low efficiency. In this work, K 2 Ga Sn 6 O 16 :Cr (KGSO:Cr) phosphor was designed and synthesized. The experimental results show that the exhibited emissivity range 650‐1300 nm, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 220‐230 nm excited by wavelength 450 nm. With co‐doping Gd ions, internal quantum efficiency (IQE) KGSO:Cr increased from 34% to 48%. ions acted neither as activators nor sensitizers, justify crystal field environment efficient broad emission. Huang‐Rhys factor decreased increased, demonstrating nonradiative transitions were suppressed. An strategy enhancing luminescence properties is proposed first time. –co‐doped promising candidate NIR pc‐LEDs.

Language: Английский

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The Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Photobiomodulation Against Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 42(4), P. 955 - 971

Published: Dec. 10, 2020

Neurodegenerative diseases might be slow but relentless, as we continue to fail in treating or delaying their progression. Given the complexity pathogenesis of these diseases, a broad-acting approach like photobiomodulation can prove promising. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits, working by stimulating growth proliferation. The implications have been studied several neurodegenerative disease models. It has shown improve cell survival, decrease apoptosis, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, rescue mitochondrial function. In vivo models, it reportedly preserved motor cognitive skills. Beyond stimulation, molecular mechanisms which protects against neurodegeneration not very well studied. This review systematically undertaken study effects at level identify different biochemical pathways changes process. data showed involvement extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein (MAPK), B (Akt). addition, expression genes proteins playing roles was found influenced PBM, such neurotrophic factors secretases. Studying literature indicated that PBM translated potential tool, acting through spectrum work together decelerate progression organism, is difficult achieve pharmacological interventions.

Language: Английский

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Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity after stroke

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Aug. 16, 2022

Stroke remains a major cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide. The immune system plays an important role in determining the condition brain following stroke. As resident innate cells central nervous system, microglia are primary responders defense network covering entire parenchyma, exert various functions depending on dynamic communications with neurons, astrocytes, other neighboring under both physiological or pathological conditions. Microglia activation polarization is crucial for damage repair ischemic stroke, considered double-edged sword neurological recovery. can exist pro-inflammatory states promote secondary damage, but they also secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines neurotrophic factors facilitate recovery In this review, we focus mechanisms microglia-mediated neuroinflammation neuroplasticity after ischemia relevant potential microglia-based interventions stroke therapy.

Language: Английский

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Near‐Infrared Windows I and II Phosphors for Theranostic Applications: Spectroscopy, Bioimaging, and Light‐Emitting Diode Photobiomodulation

Advanced Optical Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(11)

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Abstract The importance and practicality of near‐infrared (NIR) light for the biomedical field has attached to academe industry with development technology. Luminescent materials different doping strategies are promising candidates covering biological windows from 700 nm 1 nm. relationship between NIR light, nanophosphors, tissue towards function diagnostic therapy in is explored clearly, which corresponds diffuse reflection spectroscopy bioimaging light‐emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation. diseases can be monitored specific chromophore absorption under source, also traced dynamic change environment by luminescent materials. Especially brain diseases, cytochrome c oxidase mitochondria as crucial photoreceptor activated irradiation achieve non‐invasive treatment neuron protection recovery. attributed LED or nanophosphors show potential theranostic approaches Cr 3+ ‐ Ni 2+ ‐activated phosphors I II presented optical properties explore feasibility practicability precise medical future.

Language: Английский

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Design of broadband near-infrared Y_0.57La_0.72Sc_2.71(BO₃)₄:Cr³⁺ phosphors based on one-site occupation and their application in NIR light-emitting diodes

Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(35), P. 11761 - 11771

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

A novel broadband near-infrared Y 0.57 La 0.72 Sc 2.71 (BO 3 ) 4 :Cr 3+ phosphor based on one-site occupation was designed by introducing a distorted octahedral structure.

Language: Английский

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Photobiomodulation Therapy and the Glymphatic System: Promising Applications for Augmenting the Brain Lymphatic Drainage System

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 2975 - 2975

Published: March 10, 2022

The glymphatic system is a glial-dependent waste clearance pathway in the central nervous system, devoted to drain away metabolic products and soluble proteins such as amyloid-beta. An impaired brain can increase incidence of neurovascular, neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative diseases. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy serve non-invasive neuroprotective strategy for maintaining optimizing effective clearance. In this review, we discuss crucial role drainage removing toxins metabolites from brain. We review recent animal research on neurotherapeutic benefits PBM also highlight cellular mechanisms cerebral system. Animal has shed light beneficial effects through amyloid-beta via meningeal lymphatic vessels. Finally, PBM-mediated blood–brain barrier permeability with subsequent rise Aβ PBM-induced relaxation vessels vasodilation process will be discussed. conclude that promotion cranial extracranial function might promising treatment diseases associated cerebrospinal fluid outflow abnormality.

Language: Английский

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Non-invasive transcranial brain modulation for neurological disorders treatment: A narrative review

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 307, P. 120869 - 120869

Published: Aug. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

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Transcranial photobiomodulation enhances visual working memory capacity in humans

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(48)

Published: Dec. 2, 2022

Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a safe and noninvasive intervention that has shown promise for improving cognitive performance. Whether tPBM can modulate brain activity thereby enhance working memory (WM) capacity in humans remains unclear. In this study, we found 1064-nm applied to the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) improves visual increases occipitoparietal contralateral delay (CDA). The CDA set-size effect during retention mediated between subsequent WM capacity. behavioral benefits corresponding changes were absent with at wavelength of 852 nm or stimulation left PFC. Our findings provide converging evidence PFC improve

Language: Английский

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Advances in photobiomodulation for cognitive improvement by near-infrared derived multiple strategies

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Abstract Cognitive function is an important ability of the brain, but cognitive dysfunction can easily develop once brain injured in various neuropathological conditions or diseases. Photobiomodulation therapy a type noninvasive physical that gradually emerging field neuroscience. Transcranial photobiomodulation has been commonly used to regulate neural activity superficial cortex. To stimulate deeper activity, advanced techniques conjunction with photosensitive nanoparticles have developed. This review addresses mechanisms on neurons and networks discusses advantages, disadvantages potential applications alone combination nanoparticles. its associated strategies may provide new breakthrough treatments for improvement.

Language: Английский

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