Long COVID: plasma levels of neurofilament light chain in mild COVID-19 patients with neurocognitive symptoms

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(10), P. 3106 - 3116

Published: April 27, 2024

Abstract It is well known the potential of severe acute respiratory coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to induce post-acute sequelae, a condition called Long COVID. This syndrome includes several symptoms, but central nervous system (CNS) main one neurocognitive dysfunction. Recently it has been demonstrated relevance plasma levels neurofilament light chain (pNfL), as biomarker early involvement CNS in COVID-19. The aim this study was investigate relationship between pNfL patients with symptoms and NfL prognostic these cases. A group 63 long COVID ranging from 18 59 years-old were evaluated, submitted battery assessment, subdivided different groups, according results. Plasma samples collected during assessment used for measurement Single molecule array (SIMOA) assays. Levels significantly higher when compared HC ( p = 0.0031). cognitive impairment fatigue presented without individually combined 0.0263, 0.0480, 0.0142, respectively). Correlation analysis showed that lost exacerbation evaluation had significative correlation 0.0219 0.0255, Previous reports suggested are related risk severity predict lethality Our findings demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 seems have long-term impact on brain, even who mild disease. measurements might be useful identify associated will need continuous monitoring treatment support.

Language: Английский

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Association of vaccine status, reinfections, and risk factors with Long COVID syndrome

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound global impact, characterized by high fatality rate and the emergence of enduring consequences known as Long COVID. Our study sought to determine prevalence COVID syndrome within population Northeastern Mexico, correlating it with patients' comorbidities, number reinfection, vaccination status. Employing an observational cross-sectional approach, we administered comprehensive questionnaire covering medical history, demographics, status, COVID-related symptoms, treatment. participant cohort included 807 patients, average age 41.5 (SD 13.6) years, women accounting 59.3% cohort. follow-up was 488 (IQR 456) days. One hundred sixty-eight subjects (20.9%) met criteria. more prevalent when reinfections (p = 0.02) less frequent they complete scheme 0.05). Through logistic regression, found that male gender (OR 0.5, p ≤ 0.001), blood types AB− 0.48, 0.003) O− 0.27, 0.001) in comparison A+ two doses vaccines 006) be protective factors against COVID; while higher BMI 1.04, 0.005) risk factor. We saw different vaccinated patients specific types, being female were associated increased having long-COVID.

Language: Английский

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Persistence of spike protein at the skull-meninges-brain axis may contribute to the neurological sequelae of COVID-19

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(12), P. 2112 - 2130.e10

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with long-lasting neurological symptoms, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using optical clearing and imaging, we observed accumulation of spike protein in skull-meninges-brain axis human COVID-19 patients, persisting long after viral clearance. Further, biomarkers neurodegeneration were elevated cerebrospinal fluid from COVID proteomic analysis skull, meninges, brain samples revealed dysregulated inflammatory pathways neurodegeneration-associated changes. Similar distribution patterns SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. Injection alone was sufficient to induce neuroinflammation, proteome changes axis, anxiety-like behavior, exacerbated outcomes mouse models stroke traumatic injury. Vaccination reduced but did not eliminate Our findings suggest persistent at borders may contribute lasting sequelae COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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The SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Promotes MAPK and NF-kB Activation in Human Lung Cells and Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Lung and Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1996 - 1996

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in January 2020 Wuhan, China, with a new designated SARS-CoV-2. principal cause of death from COVID-19 quickly emerged as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A key ARDS pathogenic mechanism is the "Cytokine Storm", which dramatic increase inflammatory cytokines blood. In last two years pandemic, pathology has some survivors, variety long-term symptoms occur, condition called post-acute sequelae (PASC) or "Long COVID". Therefore, there an urgent need to better understand mechanisms virus. spike protein on surface virus composed joined S1-S2 subunits. Upon S1 binding ACE2 receptor human cells, subunit cleaved and S2 mediates entry then released into blood, might be one pivotal triggers for initiation and/or perpetuation cytokine storm. this study, we tested hypothesis that sufficient activate signaling production, independent Our data support possible role activation production lung intestinal epithelial cells culture. These potential SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis PASC.

Language: Английский

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Aged brain and neuroimmune responses to COVID-19: post-acute sequelae and modulatory effects of behavioral and nutritional interventions

Immunity & Ageing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: April 12, 2023

Advanced age is one of the significant risk determinants for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related mortality and long COVID complications. The contributing factors may include age-related dynamical remodeling immune system, known as immunosenescence chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Both these induce an inflammatory milieu in aged brain drive changes microenvironment neurons microglia, which are characterized by a general condition inflammation, so-called neuroinflammation. Emerging evidence reveals that privilege aging be compromised. Resident cells, such astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes but also infiltrating monocytes, T cells macrophages participate complex intercellular networks multiple reciprocal interactions. Especially microglia playing regulatory role contribute to disturbing homeostasis impairments neuroimmune responses. Neuroinflammation trigger structural damage, diminish regeneration, neuronal cell death, modulate synaptic this manner negatively interfere with functions.In review article, we give insights into interactions highlight impact COVID-19 on functional systems already modulated We discuss potential ways severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proposed mechanisms biological development persisting conditions. summarize responsible COVID, including autoimmunity, direct virus-mediated cytotoxicity, hypercoagulation, mitochondrial failure, dysbiosis, reactivation other viruses, Cytomegalovirus (CMV). Finally, effects various interventional options can decrease propagation biological, physiological, psychosocial stressors activation inhibit triggering unbalanced modulatory bioactive nutritional compounds along multimodal benefits behavioral interventions moderate exercise, applied postinfectious order improve health.

Language: Английский

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Cellular Metabolism: A Fundamental Component of Degeneration in the Nervous System

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 816 - 816

Published: May 11, 2023

It is estimated that, at minimum, 500 million individuals suffer from cellular metabolic dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), throughout the world. Even more concerning knowledge that disease intimately tied to neurodegenerative disorders, affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems well leading dementia, seventh cause of death. New innovative therapeutic strategies address metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth factor signaling with erythropoietin (EPO), risk factors apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) can offer valuable insights for clinical care treatment disorders impacted by disease. Critical insight into modulation these complex pathways are required since mTOR pathways, AMPK activation, improve memory retention in Alzheimer's (AD) DM, promote healthy aging, facilitate clearance β-amyloid (Aß) tau brain, control inflammation, but also may lead cognitive loss long-COVID syndrome through mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial cytokine release, APOE-ε4 if autophagy other programmed cell death left unchecked.

Language: Английский

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Overview of the potential use of fluvoxamine for COVID-19 and long COVID

Discover Mental Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: March 21, 2023

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented a serious worldwide threat to public health since its emergence in late 2019. From safety point of view, drug repurposing received particular attention. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that the use fluvoxamine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with potent sigma-1 receptor agonism, early-stage infection might be associated prevention deterioration individuals SARS-CoV-2 infection, although several reports shown low dose fluvoxamine may ineffective. There is increasing evidence can cross blood–brain barrier, resulting number psychiatric and neurologic symptoms COVID-19 survivors. Importantly, about half survivors experience variety long-term sequelae, including symptoms, known as long COVID. In this priority review, author presents an overview potential treatment

Language: Английский

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Vaccination after developing long COVID: Impact on clinical presentation, viral persistence, and immune responses

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 136 - 145

Published: Sept. 17, 2023

Vaccination protects against severe COVID-19 manifestations. For those with post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) or long COVID, the impact of vaccination on evolution symptoms, immune responses, and viral persistence is unclear.In this prospective observational cohort study, we evaluated number PCC affected organ systems, psychological well-being scores before after patients received vaccination. We simultaneously biomarkers systemic inflammation levels plasma cytokines/chemokines. measured intracellular SARS-CoV-2 antigens, immunoreactivity to antigens in blood.COVID-19 was associated decreases symptoms (pre-vaccination: 6.56 ± 3.1 vs post-vaccination: 3.92 4.02; P <0.001) systems 3.19 1.04 1.89 1.12; <0.001), increases World Health Organization (WHO)-5 Well-Being Index Scores 42.67 22.76 56.15 22.83; <0.001). Patients also had significantly decreased several pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines including sCD40L, GRO-⍺, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1⍺, interleukin (IL)-12p40, G-colony stimulating factor (CSF), M-CSF, IL-1β, stem cell (SCF). participants presented a certain level toward SARS-CoV-2, that boosted S1 antigen persisted blood participants, mostly non-classical monocytes, regardless receiving vaccination.Our study shows higher responses brings forward possible role for mitigating by decreasing inflammation. observed products independent could be involved perpetuating through monocytes.

Language: Английский

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The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of disorders influence entire body significantly affect nervous system impacting greater than one billion people disability peripheral as well cognitive loss, now seventh leading cause death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such DM, neurologic remain significant challenge treatment care individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall progression. These clinical challenges to address interplay between warrant innovative strategies can focus upon underlying mechanisms aging-related oxidative stress, cell senescence, death. Programmed pathways involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis play critical role oversee processes include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, inflammatory activation. silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

Language: Английский

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The emerging pandemic recent: SARS-CoV-2

Life Cycle, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Jan. 22, 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), induces coughing, vomiting, or fever. occurrence, duration, and severity of these symptoms vary from person to person, which makes the COVID-19 infection ranging those a mild cold death in cases. cause differences can be found individual characteristics patient. Age, former diseases patient, they medications took such characteristics. As SARS-CoV-2 affects lung, related lung as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, cystic fibrosis, moderate asthma, hypertension, embolism are especially more dangerous human body when infected SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, through various methods including comparing mutant viruses subunits COVID-19, we aimed describe risk factors deterioration strain during pandemic.

Language: Английский

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