Unraveling the Emerging Niche Role of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 1357 - 1370

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Extracellular vesicles or exosomes, often known as EVs, have acquired significant attention in the investigations of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a distinct advantage actively researching fundamental mechanisms underlying various clinical symptoms diagnosing wide range cases. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can produce release which offer therapeutic benefits. Exosomes are tiny membranous produced by cellular entities originating from endosomes. Several studies reported that administering MSC-derived exosomes through intravenous infusions improves neurological recovery promotes neuroplasticity rats with damage. advantages be attributed to microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding regulatory RNAs significantly impact regulation posttranscriptional genes. Exosome-based therapies, do not involve cells, lately gained interest potential breakthrough enhancing accelerating for injuries neurodegenerative diseases. This article explores benefits drawbacks exosome treatment while emphasizing latest advancements this field significance.

Language: Английский

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Rosiglitazone regulates astrocyte polarization and neuroinflammation in a PPAR-γ dependent manner after experimental traumatic brain injury

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 110918 - 110918

Published: March 2, 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of high mortality and disability worldwide. Overactivation astrocytes overexpression inflammatory responses in the injured are characteristic pathological features TBI. Rosiglitazone (ROS) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist known for its anti-inflammatory activity. However, relationship between response involved ROS treatment astrocyte A1 polarization remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether improves dysfunction induced after TBI elucidate underlying mechanisms these functions. SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, TBI+ROS TBI+ PPAR-γ antagonist group (GW9662 + TBI). The rat model was prepared by CCI method; water content test wire grip scores suggested prognosis; FJB staining showed changes on morphology number neurons peripheral area cortical injury; ELISA, immunofluorescence staining, western blotting analysis revealed effects activation with degree Brain content, factor expression, higher than those sham-operated (P < 0.05); compared expression above indexes significantly lower 0.05). Compared C3 considerably substantially inhibitor can exert neuroprotective inhibiting through pathway based reduction factors

Language: Английский

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Neurotrauma—From Injury to Repair: Clinical Perspectives, Cellular Mechanisms and Promoting Regeneration of the Injured Brain and Spinal Cord

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 643 - 643

Published: March 13, 2024

Traumatic injury to the brain and spinal cord (neurotrauma) is a common event across populations often causes profound irreversible disability. Pathophysiological responses trauma exacerbate damage of an index injury, propagating loss function that central nervous system (CNS) cannot repair after initial resolved. The way in which lost consequence complex array mechanisms continue chronic phase post-injury prevent effective neural repair. This review summarises events traumatic (TBI) (SCI), comprising description current clinical management strategies, summary known cellular molecular secondary their role prevention A discussion emerging approaches promote neuroregeneration CNS presented. barriers promoting neurotrauma are pathways cell types occur on level. presents challenge traditional pharmacological targeting single pathways. It suggested novel multiple or using combinatorial therapies may yield sought-after recovery for future patients.

Language: Английский

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Brain Injury Biomarkers and Applications in Neurological Diseases

Chinese Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 24, 2024

Abstract Neurological diseases are a major health concern, and brain injury is typical pathological process in various neurological disorders. Different biomarkers the blood or cerebrospinal fluid associated with specific physiological processes. They vital identifying, diagnosing, treating injuries. In this review, we described for neuronal cell body (neuron-specific enolase, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1, αII-spectrin), axonal (neurofilament proteins, tau), astrocyte (S100β, glial fibrillary acidic protein), demyelination (myelin basic autoantibodies, other emerging (extracellular vesicles, microRNAs). We aimed to summarize applications of these their related interests limits diagnosis prognosis diseases, including traumatic injury, status epilepticus, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, infection. addition, reasonable outlook as ideal detection tools presented.

Language: Английский

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The evolving role of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) as biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic implications

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

Developing effective disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) requires reliable diagnostic, disease activity, and progression indicators. While desirable, identifying biomarkers NDs can be difficult because of the complex cytoarchitecture brain distinct cell subsets seen in different parts central nervous system (CNS). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, cell-derived, membrane-bound involved intercellular communication transport cell-specific cargos, such as proteins, Ribonucleic acid (RNA), lipids. The types EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies based on their size origin biogenesis. A growing body evidence suggests that mediated through is responsible disseminating important proteins implicated traumatic injury (TBI) other NDs. Some studies showed TBI a risk factor In terms therapeutic potential, outperform alternative synthetic drug delivery methods they transverse blood-brain barrier (BBB) without inducing immunogenicity, impacting neuroinflammation, immunological responses, prolonged bio-distribution. Furthermore, EV production varies across represents intracellular processes. Moreover, proteomic markers, which represent variety pathological processes, cellular damage or have been frequently studied neurotrauma research. However, blood-based short half-lives easily susceptible to degradation. EV-based may genetic neurometabolic abnormalities occur post-TBI. These not caught by proteomics, less degradation hence more reflective these modifications (cellular neuroinflammation). current narrative comprehensive review, we sought discuss contemporary knowledge better understanding research TBI, thus its applications modern medicine. utilization circulating diagnosis, developments therapies, managing associated challenges opportunities.

Language: Английский

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Differential proteomic profile of lumbar and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

Pathological cerebral conditions may manifest in altered composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Although diagnostic CSF analysis seeks to establish pathological disturbances brain proper, is generally sampled from lumbar compartment for reasons technical ease and ethical considerations. We here aimed compare molecular obtained ventricular versus compartments a relevance employing as proxy bathing tissue. was collected 46 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) during their workup (lumbar samples) connection subsequent diversion shunt surgery (ventricular samples). The mass-spectrometry-based proteomic profile determined these samples addition, selected biomarkers were quantified ELISA (S100B, neurofilament light (NfL), amyloid-β (Aβ40, Aβ42), total tau (T-tau) phosphorylated (P-tau) forms). latter extended include paired porcine cerebromedullary cistern closely related ventricles. In 1231 proteins detected human CSF. Of these, 216 distributed equally two compartments, whereas 22 preferentially (or solely) present four neurodegeneration Alzheimer's disease displayed differential distribution, some higher T-tau, P-tau) lower (NfL, Aβ40, Aβ42) levels compartment. samples, all most abundant overall differs between so does distribution clinically employed biomarkers. However, range biomarkers, one can reliably employ if or lumbar/cranial index particular molecule has been established. It therefore important verify compartmental preference interest prior extrapolating that bordering brain.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive Outcome After Complicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Neurotrauma, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40(19-20), P. 1995 - 2014

Published: March 25, 2023

Cognitive outcome for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with positive imaging (complicated mTBI) was compared that mTBI normal (uncomplicated and moderate to severe TBI, using meta-analysis. Twenty-three studies utilizing objective neurocognitive tests were included in the analysis. At less than 3 months post-injury, complicated associated poorer cognitive outcomes uncomplicated mTBI, but deficits not comparable those moderate-severe TBI. After a similar pattern detected. Beyond months, relative present processing speed, memory, executive function, language, although latter may be result of reduced semantic fluency. The effect size these domains more marked available data support use as distinct classification prediction outcome. extent deficit small unlikely cause significant disability. However, patients constitute broad category encompassing individuals who differ markedly nature intracranial abnormality, further are warranted. Limitations include small, selected samples; variations TBI severity classification; absence validity ("effort") testing; differing methodology; lack long-term follow-up.

Language: Английский

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Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes provide neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury through the lncRNA TUBB6/Nrf2 pathway

Brain Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1824, P. 148689 - 148689

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Research Advances in Neuroblast Migration in Traumatic Brain Injury

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(10), P. 1 - 13

Published: March 20, 2024

Neuroblasts were first derived from the adult mammalian brains in 1990s by Reynolds et al. Since then, persistent neurogenesis subgranular zone (SGZ) of hippocampus and subventricular (SVZ) has gradually been recognized. To date, reviews on neuroblast migration have largely investigated glial cells molecular signaling mechanisms, while relationship between vasculature cell remains a mystery. Thus, this paper underlines partial biological features unravels significance mechanisms process to further clarify theoretically neural repair mechanism after brain injury. Neuroblast presents three modes according characteristics that act as scaffolds during process: gliophilic migration, neurophilic vasophilic migration. Many molecules, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), stromal cell-derived 1 (SDF-1), vascular endothelial growth (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), affect synergistically regulating neuroblasts target areas along blood vessels. However, precise role vessels needs be explored. The in-depth study will most probably provide theoretical basis breakthrough for clinical treatment injury diseases.

Language: Английский

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Reprogramming metabolic microenvironment for nerve regeneration via waterborne polylactic acid-polyurethane copolymer scaffolds

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 315, P. 122942 - 122942

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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