Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17
Published: July 13, 2023
In
vertebrate
animals,
the
automatic,
rhythmic
pattern
of
breathing
is
a
highly
regulated
process
that
can
be
modulated
by
various
behavioral
and
physiological
factors
such
as
metabolism,
sleep–wake
state,
activity
level,
endocrine
signaling.
Environmental
light
influences
many
these
modulating
both
indirectly
organizing
daily
seasonal
rhythms
behavior
directly
through
acute
changes
in
neural
While
several
observations
from
rodent
human
studies
suggest
environmental
affects
breathing,
few
have
systematically
evaluated
underlying
mechanisms
clinical
relevance
on
regulation
respiratory
behavior.
Here,
we
provide
new
evidence
discuss
potential
neurobiological
which
modulates
breathing.
We
conclude
should
considered,
bench
to
bedside,
clinically
relevant
modulator
health
disease.
Respiration
is
a
brain
function
on
which
our
lives
essentially
depend.
Control
of
respiration
ensures
that
the
frequency
and
depth
breathing
adapt
continuously
to
metabolic
needs.
In
addition,
respiratory
control
network
has
organize
muscular
synergies
integrate
ventilation
with
posture
body
movement.
Finally,
coupled
cardiovascular
emotion.
Here,
we
argue
can
handle
this
all
by
integrating
brainstem
central
pattern
generator
circuit
in
larger
also
comprises
cerebellum.
Although
currently
not
generally
recognized
as
center,
cerebellum
well
known
for
its
coordinating
modulating
role
motor
behavior,
autonomic
nervous
system.
review,
discuss
regions
involved
respiration,
their
anatomical
functional
interactions.
We
how
sensory
feedback
result
adaptation
these
mechanisms
be
compromised
various
neurological
psychological
disorders.
demonstrate
generators
are
part
integrated
regions.
The Cerebellum,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(1), P. 210 - 239
Published: Dec. 28, 2022
Abstract
The
cerebellum
is
involved
in
many
motor,
autonomic
and
cognitive
functions,
new
tasks
that
have
a
cerebellar
contribution
are
discovered
on
regular
basis.
Simultaneously,
our
insight
into
the
functional
compartmentalization
of
has
markedly
improved.
Additionally,
studies
output
pathways
seen
renaissance
due
to
development
viral
tracing
techniques.
To
create
an
overview
current
state
understanding
efferents,
we
undertook
systematic
review
all
monosynaptic
projections
from
brainstem
diencephalon
mammals.
This
revealed
important
cerebellum,
motor
nuclei,
cerebral
cortex,
basal
ganglia,
predominantly
di-
or
polysynaptic,
rather
than
monosynaptic.
Strikingly,
most
target
areas
receive
input
three
showing
convergence
information
at
level.
Overall,
there
appeared
be
large
level
agreement
between
different
species
as
well
use
types
neural
tracers,
making
emerging
picture
solid
one.
Finally,
discuss
how
this
network
affected
by
range
diseases
syndromes,
with
also
non-cerebellar
having
impact
areas.
The Journal of Physiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 26, 2025
Abstract
The
cerebellum
is
critical
for
coordinating
movements
related
to
eating,
drinking
and
swallowing,
all
of
which
require
proper
control
the
tongue.
Cerebellar
Purkinje
cells
can
encode
tongue
movements,
but
it
unclear
how
their
simple
spikes
complex
induce
changes
in
shape
that
contribute
goal‐directed
movements.
To
study
these
relations,
we
recorded
stimulated
vermis
hemispheres
mice
during
spontaneous
licking
from
a
stationary
or
moving
water
spout.
We
found
rhythmic
with
both
spikes.
Increased
spike
firing
protrusion
induces
ipsiversive
bending
Unexpected
target
location
trigger
alter
subsequent
licks,
adjusting
trajectory.
Furthermore,
observed
increased
behavioural
state
at
start
end
bouts.
Using
machine
learning,
confirmed
alterations
cell
activity
accompany
licking,
different
often
exerting
heterogeneous
encoding
schemes.
Our
data
highlight
directional
movement
paramount
cerebellar
function
modulation
are
complementary
acquisition
execution
sensorimotor
coordination.
These
results
bring
us
closer
understanding
clinical
implications
disorders
swallowing.
image
Key
points
When
drinking,
make
directed
towards
source.
fire
rhythmically
tune
position
source
affects
direction
report
also
adjust
right
direction.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
117(27), P. 15967 - 15976
Published: June 22, 2020
Significance
The
network
connecting
the
insular
cortex,
central
nucleus
of
amygdala,
and
a
caudal
hypothalamic
nuclear
complex
including
parasubthalamic
(PSTN)
is
interest
due
to
its
role
in
controlling
feeding
behavior.
Here,
we
show
that
organization
this
similar
basal
ganglia
network,
implying
both
fit
within
simplified
structural
plan
forebrain.
Then,
demonstrate
PSTN
modulates
behavior
response
hedonic
factors
normally
inducing
“reward
effect.”
involved
“non-feed”
equivalent
“non-reward”
evaluation:
“I
don’t
want
consume
food,
recognized
as
good,
because
I
am
not
conducive
emotional
or
physiological
state.”
Neuropharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
256, P. 110003 - 110003
Published: May 22, 2024
Neuromodulation
such
as
deep
brain
stimulation
(DBS)
is
advancing
a
clinical
intervention
in
several
neurological
and
neuropsychiatric
disorders,
including
Parkinson's
disease,
dystonia,
tremor,
obsessive-compulsive
disorder
(OCD)
for
which
DBS
already
applied
to
alleviate
severely
afflicted
individuals
of
symptoms.
Tourette
syndrome
drug
addiction
are
two
additional
disorders
trial
or
proposed
treatment.
However,
some
major
remaining
obstacles
prevent
this
from
reaching
its
full
therapeutic
potential.
Side-effects
have
been
reported,
not
all
DBS-treated
relieved
their
One
target
area
electrodes
the
subthalamic
nucleus
(STN)
plays
important
roles
motor,
affective
associative
functions,
with
impact
on
example
movement,
motivation,
impulsivity,
compulsivity,
well
both
reward
aversion.
The
multifunctionality
STN
complex.
Decoding
anatomical-functional
organization
could
enhance
strategic
targeting
human
patients.
located
close
proximity
zona
incerta
(ZI)
para-subthalamic
(pSTN).
Together,
STN,
pSTN
ZI
form
highly
heterogeneous
clinically
area.
Rodent-based
experimental
studies,
opto-
chemogenetics
viral-genetic
tract
tracings,
provide
unique
insight
into
complex
neuronal
circuitries
behavior
high
spatial
temporal
precision.
This
research
field
has
advanced
tremendously
over
past
few
years.
Here,
we
an
inclusive
review
current
literature
pre-clinical
fields
centered
around
laboratory
mice
rats;
three
enigmatic
structures
brought
together
context
relevance
treatment
strategies.
Specific
emphasis
placed
methods
manipulation
behavioral
impact.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 23, 2024
Abstract
The
brain
processes
an
array
of
stimuli,
enabling
the
selection
appropriate
behavioural
responses,
but
neural
pathways
linking
interoceptive
inputs
to
outputs
for
feeding
are
poorly
understood
1–3
.
Here
we
delineate
a
subcortical
circuit
in
which
brain-derived
neurotrophic
factor
(BDNF)-expressing
neurons
ventromedial
hypothalamus
(VMH)
directly
connect
motor
centres,
controlling
food
consumption
and
jaw
movements.
VMH
BDNF
neuron
inhibition
increases
intake
by
gating
sequences
through
projections
premotor
areas
jaw.
When
is
unavailable,
elicits
consummatory
behaviours
directed
at
inanimate
objects
such
as
wooden
blocks,
perimesencephalic
trigeminal
area
(pMe5)
evokes
rhythmic
activity
these
decreased
during
when
proximity
not
consumed.
Activity
also
increased
obese
animals
after
leptin
treatment.
receive
monosynaptic
from
both
agouti-related
peptide
(AgRP)
proopiomelanocortin
arcuate
nucleus
(Arc),
constitutive
activation
blocks
orexigenic
effect
AgRP
activation.
These
data
indicate
Arc
→
pMe5
that
senses
energy
state
animal
regulates
state-dependent
manner.