The integrated brain network that controls respiration

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 8, 2023

Respiration is a brain function on which our lives essentially depend. Control of respiration ensures that the frequency and depth breathing adapt continuously to metabolic needs. In addition, respiratory control network has organize muscular synergies integrate ventilation with posture body movement. Finally, coupled cardiovascular emotion. Here, we argue can handle this all by integrating brainstem central pattern generator circuit in larger also comprises cerebellum. Although currently not generally recognized as center, cerebellum well known for its coordinating modulating role motor behavior, autonomic nervous system. review, discuss regions involved respiration, their anatomical functional interactions. We how sensory feedback result adaptation these mechanisms be compromised various neurological psychological disorders. demonstrate generators are part integrated regions.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive-Affective Functions of the Cerebellum

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(45), P. 7554 - 7564

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

The cerebellum, traditionally associated with motor coordination and balance, also plays a crucial role in various aspects of higher-order function dysfunction. Emerging research has shed light on the cerebellum's broader contributions to cognitive, emotional, reward processes. influence autonomic further highlights its significance regulating motivational emotional states. Perturbations cerebellar development have been implicated neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. An increasing appreciation for neuropsychiatric symptoms that arise from dysfunction underscores importance elucidating circuit mechanisms underlie complex interactions between cerebellum other brain regions comprehensive understanding behavior. By briefly discussing new advances mapping affective, autonomic, social processing reviewing neuropathology beyond domain, this Mini-Symposium review aims provide broad perspective intersections limbic health disease.

Language: Английский

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The cerebellum and its connections to other brain structures involved in motor and non-motor functions: A comprehensive review

Behavioural Brain Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 465, P. 114933 - 114933

Published: March 6, 2024

Language: Английский

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The cerebellum and anxiety

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Although the cerebellum is traditionally known for its role in motor functions, recent evidence points toward additional involvement of an array non-motor functions. One such function anxiety behavior: a series studies now implicate anxiety. Here, we review regarding possible anxiety—ranging from clinical to experimental manipulation neural activity—that collectively cerebellum, and possibly specific topographical locus within as one orchestrators responses.

Language: Английский

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Cerebellar control of targeted tongue movements

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Abstract The cerebellum is critical for coordinating movements related to eating, drinking and swallowing, all of which require proper control the tongue. Cerebellar Purkinje cells can encode tongue movements, but it unclear how their simple spikes complex induce changes in shape that contribute goal‐directed movements. To study these relations, we recorded stimulated vermis hemispheres mice during spontaneous licking from a stationary or moving water spout. We found rhythmic with both spikes. Increased spike firing protrusion induces ipsiversive bending Unexpected target location trigger alter subsequent licks, adjusting trajectory. Furthermore, observed increased behavioural state at start end bouts. Using machine learning, confirmed alterations cell activity accompany licking, different often exerting heterogeneous encoding schemes. Our data highlight directional movement paramount cerebellar function modulation are complementary acquisition execution sensorimotor coordination. These results bring us closer understanding clinical implications disorders swallowing. image Key points When drinking, make directed towards source. fire rhythmically tune position source affects direction report also adjust right direction.

Language: Английский

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Cerebellar contributions to dystonia: unraveling the role of Purkinje cells and cerebellar nuclei

Dystonia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Dystonias are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that result in altered physiology associated with motor movements. Both the basal ganglia and cerebellum, brain regions involved learning, sensory perception integration, reward, have been implicated pathology dystonia, but cellular subcellular mechanisms remain diverse for some forms elusive. The goal current review is to summarize recent evidence cerebellar involvement different subtypes dystonia focus on Purkinje cell (PC) nuclei (CN) dysfunction, find commonalities could lay groundwork future development therapeutics patients dystonia. Here we will briefly discuss physical functional connections between cerebellum how these contribute dystonic symptoms. We proceed use human animal model data contributions types specific dystonias movement where secondary symptom. Ultimately, suggest PC CN irregularity be locus through impaired calcium dynamics.

Language: Английский

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The little brain and the seahorse: Cerebellar-hippocampal interactions

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: March 23, 2023

There is a growing appreciation for the cerebellum beyond its role in motor function and accumulating evidence that hippocampus interact across range of brain states behaviors. Acute chronic manipulations, simultaneous recordings, imaging studies together indicate coordinated coactivation bidirectional functional connectivity relevant various physiological functions, including spatiotemporal processing. This likely supported by multiple circuit paths. It also important temporal lobe epilepsy: impacted seizures epilepsy, modulation cerebellar circuitry can be an effective strategy to inhibit hippocampal seizures. review highlights some recent key hippobellum literature.

Language: Английский

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Structured connectivity in the output of the cerebellar cortex

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 9, 2024

Abstract The spatial organization of a neuronal circuit is critically important for its function since the location neurons often associated with function. In cerebellum, major output cerebellar cortex are synapses made from Purkinje cells onto in nuclei, yet little has been known about these synapses. We explored this question using whole-cell electrophysiology and optogenetics acute sagittal slices to produce connectivity maps cortical mice. observed non-random where cell inputs clustered transverse zones: while many nuclear received single zone, several multi-zonal motifs were also observed. Single receiving input all four zones overrepresented our data. These findings reveal that spatially structured represents locus multimodal integration cerebellum.

Language: Английский

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Converging and Diverging Cerebellar Pathways for Motor and Social Behaviors in Mice

The Cerebellum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 1754 - 1767

Published: May 23, 2024

Abstract Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies has shown that the cerebellum contributes to cognitive functions, including social behaviors. Now cerebellum’s role in a wider range of behaviors been confirmed, question arises whether via same mechanisms with which it modulates movements. This review seeks answer guides motor through identical pathways. It focuses on cerebellar cells, synapses, or genes are manipulated cell-type specific manner followed by testing effects These show both anatomically restricted cortex-wide manipulations can lead impairments without abnormal control, vice versa. suggest employs different cellular, synaptic, molecular pathways for Future warrant focus diverging wide neural functions.

Language: Английский

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The cerebellum's understated role and influences in the epilepsies

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 183, P. 106160 - 106160

Published: May 18, 2023

Approximately 1 in 26 people will develop epilepsy their lifetime, but current treatment options leave as many half of all patients with uncontrolled seizures. In addition to the burden seizures themselves, chronic can be associated cognitive deficits, structural changes, and devastating negative outcomes such sudden unexpected death (SUDEP). Thus, major challenges research surround need both new therapeutic targets for intervention well shed light on mechanisms by which lead comorbidities outcomes. Despite not being traditionally or seizures, cerebellum has emerged only a brain region that serve an important target seizure control, one may also profoundly impacted epilepsy. Here, we discuss targeting potential pathway insights gained from recent optogenetic studies. We then review observations cerebellar alterations during epilepsy, focus. Cerebellar critical patient outcomes, highlighting more comprehensive understanding appreciation epilepsies.

Language: Английский

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