Insulin Resistance the Hinge Between Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes

High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 27(6), P. 515 - 526

Published: Sept. 22, 2020

Epidemiological studies have documented a high incidence of diabetes in hypertensive patients.Insulin resistance is defined as less than expected biologic response to given concentration the hormone and plays pivotal role pathogenesis diabetes. However, over last decades, it became evident that insulin not merely metabolic abnormality, but complex multifaceted syndrome can also affect blood pressure homeostasis. The dysregulation neuro-humoral neuro-immune systems involved pathophysiology both hypertension. These mechanisms induce chronic low grade inflammation interferes with signalling transduction. Molecular abnormalities associated include defects receptor structure, number, binding affinity, and/or capacity. For instance, hyperglycaemia impairs through generation reactive oxygen species, which abrogate insulin-induced tyrosine autophosphorylation receptor. Additional been described responsible for inhibition signalling, including proteasome-mediated degradation substrate 1/2, phosphatase-mediated dephosphorylation kinase-mediated serine/threonine phosphorylation substrates. Insulin key progression hypertension-induced target organ damage, like left ventricular hypertrophy, atherosclerosis kidney disease. Altogether these significantly contribute increase risk developing type 2

Language: Английский

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Heart failure in diabetes

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 125, P. 154910 - 154910

Published: Oct. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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Effects of Diet, Lifestyle, Chrononutrition and Alternative Dietary Interventions on Postprandial Glycemia and Insulin Resistance

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 823 - 823

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

As years progress, we are found more often in a postprandial than postabsorptive state. Chrononutrition is an integral part of metabolism, pancreatic function, and hormone secretion. Eating most calories carbohydrates at lunch time early afternoon, avoiding late evening dinner, keeping consistent number daily meals relative times eating occasions seem to play pivotal role for glycemia insulin sensitivity. Sequence nutrients also significant role, as foods low density such vegetables, salads, or soups consumed first, followed by protein then starchy lead ameliorated glycemic responses. There several dietary schemes available, intermittent fasting regimes, which may improve Weight loss important the treatment resistance, it can be achieved many approaches, low-fat, low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean-style diets, etc. Lifestyle interventions with small weight (7-10%), 150 min weekly moderate intensity exercise behavioral therapy approach highly effective preventing treating type 2 diabetes. Similarly, decreasing improves significantly responses, but extent this reduction should individualized, patient-centered, monitored. Alternative ingredients, vinegar, yogurt, whey protein, peanuts tree nuts considered ameliorating hyperglycemia resistance. This review aims describe available evidence about effects diet, chrononutrition, alternative on

Language: Английский

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Antioxidative properties of phenolic compounds and their effect on oxidative stress induced by severe physical exercise

The Journal of Physiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 72(1)

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

Abstract Extensive research has found strongly increased generation of reactive oxygen species, free radicals, and nitrogen species during acute physical exercise that can lead to oxidative stress (OS) impair muscle function. Polyphenols (PCs), the most abundant antioxidants in human diet, are increasing interest athletes as antioxidants. Current literature suggests supplementation effectively modulate these processes. This overview summarizes actual knowledge chemical biomechanical properties PCs their impact supplements on exercise-induced OS, inflammation control, performance. Evidence maintains PC have high potency positively redox homeostasis improve skeletal muscle's physiological functions. However, many studies failed present improvement Eleven 15 representative experimental reported a reduction severe OS markers or enhancement total antioxidant capacity; four eight performance outcomes. Further should be continued address safe, optimal dosage, timing training program different sports disciplines, effects response adaptations exercise.

Language: Английский

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Prediabetes Increases the Risk of Frailty in Prefrail Older Adults With Hypertension: Beneficial Effects of Metformin

Hypertension, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(7), P. 1637 - 1643

Published: May 16, 2024

Prediabetes has garnered increasing attention due to its association with cardiovascular conditions, especially hypertension, which heightens the risk of prefrailty and frailty among older individuals.

Language: Английский

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Circulating exosomes and gut microbiome induced insulin resistance in mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia: Effects of physical activity

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 64, P. 103208 - 103208

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Gut microbiota (GM) contribute to obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH), promotes IR alters GM. Since circulating exosomes are implicated in IR, we examined the effects of IH physical activity (PA) mice on GM, colonic epithelium permeability, systemic plasma exosome cargo, visceral white adipose tissues (vWAT) IR.C57BL/6 were exposed or room air (RA) for 6 weeks with without PA (n = 12/group), GM changes assessed, as well naïve adipocyte sensitivity. Fecal transfers (FMT) performed 5/group), followed fecal 16S rRNA sequencing, exosome-induced sensitivity evaluated.Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) ordinates revealed B-diversity among FMT recipients that accounted 64% principal component 1 (PC1) 12.5% (PC2) total variance. Dominant families genera IH-exposed FMT-treated preserved, IH-FMT induced increased gut permeability. Plasma from decreased pAKT/AKT responses exogenous adipocytes vs. IH+PA RA (p 0.001).IH exposures mimicking OSA induce increase alter latter inducing dysfunction (increased IR). Furthermore, these alterations improved PA. Thus, leads perturbations a singular GM-circulating pathway disrupts homeostasis resulting metabolic dysfunction, reflected IR.This study was supported grants National Institutes Health HL130984 HL140548 University Missouri Tier 2 grant. The has not received any funding pharmaceutical other industrial corporations.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Exercise on Immunity, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3394 - 3394

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Physical exercise represents an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy beneficially modifying the course of multiple diseases. The protective mechanisms are manifold; primarily, they elicited by alterations in metabolic inflammatory pathways. Exercise intensity duration strongly influence provoked response. This narrative review aims to provide comprehensive up-to-date insights into beneficial effects physical illustrating impact moderate vigorous on innate adaptive immunity. Specifically, we describe qualitative quantitative changes different leukocyte subsets while distinguishing between acute chronic effects. Further, elaborate how modifies progression atherosclerosis, leading cause death worldwide, representing a prime example disease triggered Here, counteracts causal contributors thereby improves outcomes. In addition, identify gaps that still need be addressed future.

Language: Английский

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Obesity: the perfect storm for heart failure

ESC Heart Failure, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 1841 - 1860

Published: March 15, 2024

Abstract Obesity condition causes morphological and functional alterations involving the cardiovascular system. These can represent substrates for different diseases, such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, sudden cardiac death, heart failure (HF) with both preserved ejection fraction (EF) reduced EF. Different pathogenetic mechanisms may help to explain association between obesity HF including left ventricular remodelling epicardial fat accumulation, endothelial dysfunction, microvascular dysfunction. Multi‐imaging modalities are required appropriate recognition of subclinical systolic dysfunction typically associated obesity, echocardiography being most cost‐effective technique. Therapeutic approach in patients is challenging, particularly regarding EF which few strategies high level evidence available. Weight loss extreme importance HF, a primary therapeutic intervention. Sodium–glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors have been recently introduced novel tool management patients. The present review aims at analysing recent studies supporting pathogenesis, diagnosis, HF.

Language: Английский

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The interface of depression and diabetes: treatment considerations

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

This state-of-the-art review explores the relationship between depression and diabetes, highlighting two-way influences that make treatment challenging worsen outcomes of both conditions. Depression diabetes often co-occur share genetic, lifestyle, psychosocial risk factors. Lifestyle elements such as diet, physical activity, sleep patterns play a role on development management conditions, need for integrated strategies. The evidence suggests traditional strategies focusing either condition in isolation fall short addressing intertwined nature depression. Instead, care models encompassing psychological support medical are recommended to improve efficacy patient adherence. Such require collaboration across multiple healthcare disciplines, including endocrinology, psychiatry, primary care, offer holistic approach care. also identifies significant patient-related barriers effective management, stigma, resistance, health literacy, which be addressed through patient-centered education systems. Future directions research include longitudinal studies diverse populations further elucidate causal relationships exploration novel therapeutic targets, well effectiveness aimed at preventing onset one individuals diagnosed with other.

Language: Английский

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Federated intelligence of anomaly detection agent in IoTMD-enabled Diabetes Management Control System

Future Generation Computer Systems, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 128, P. 395 - 405

Published: Oct. 28, 2021

Language: Английский

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