High-density transcranial direct current stimulation to improve upper limb motor function following stroke: study protocol for a double-blind randomized clinical trial targeting prefrontal and/or cerebellar cognitive contributions to voluntary motion DOI Creative Commons
Xavier Corominas-Teruel, Martina Bracco, Montserrat Fibla

et al.

Trials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Dec. 4, 2023

Abstract Background Focal brain lesions following a stroke of the middle cerebral artery induce large-scale network disarray with potential to impact multiple cognitive and behavioral domains. Over last 20 years, non-invasive neuromodulation via electrical (tCS) stimulation has shown promise modulate motor deficits contribute recovery. However, weak, inconsistent, or at times heterogeneous outcomes using these techniques have also highlighted need for novel strategies assessment their efficacy in ad hoc controlled clinical trials. Methods We here present double-blind, sham-controlled, single-center, randomized pilot trial involving participants having suffered unilateral (MCA) resulting paralysis contralateral upper limb. Patients will undergo 10-day regime (5 days week 2 consecutive weeks) newly designed high-definition transcranial direct current (HD-tDCS) protocol. Clinical evaluations (e.g., Fugl Meyer, NIHSS), computer-based assessments (visuo-motor adaptation AX-CPT attention tasks), electroencephalography (resting-state task-evoked EEG) be carried out 3 time points: (I) Baseline, (II) Post-tDCS, (III) Follow-up. The study consists four-arm comparing on recovery three active anodal tDCS conditions: ipsilesional DLPFC tDCS, contralesional cerebellar combined + sham intervention. Fugl-Meyer Assessment extremity (FMA-UE) is selected as primary outcome measure quantify In every session, receive min high-density (up 0.63 mA/ $${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$$ cm 2 ) $${\mathrm{\pi cm}}^{2}$$ π electrodes. Electrode scalp positioning relative cortical surface (anodes cathodes) intensities are based biophysical optimization model distribution ensuring 0.25 V/m each chosen targets. Discussion Our gauge therapeutic accumulative sessions HD-tDCS improve limb dysfunctions presented by patients. parallel, we aim characterizing changes electroencephalographic (EEG) activity biomarkers effects identifying interactions between performance outcomes. work enrich our mechanistic understanding prefrontal contributions function its rehabilitation damage. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05329818. April 15, 2022.

Language: Английский

The cerebellum and the Mirror Neuron System: A matter of inhibition? From neurophysiological evidence to neuromodulatory implications. A narrative review DOI Creative Commons
Annibale Antonioni,

Emanuela Maria Raho,

Sofía Straudi

et al.

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 105830 - 105830

Published: July 26, 2024

Mirror neurons show activity during both the execution (AE) and observation of actions (AO). The Neuron System (MNS) could be involved motor imagery (MI) as well. Extensive research suggests that cerebellum is interconnected with MNS may critically in its activities. We gathered evidence on cerebellum's role functions, theoretically experimentally. Evidence shows plays a major AO MI lesions impair functions likely because, by modulating cortical inhibitory interneurons mirror properties, contribute to visuomotor matching, which fundamental for shaping properties. Indeed, strengthen sensory-motor patterns minimise discrepancy between predicted actual outcome, AE AO. Furthermore, through connections hippocampus, might internal simulations programs MI. Finally, cerebellar neuromodulation improve impact activity, we explored potential neurophysiological neurorehabilitation implications.

Language: Английский

Citations

16
Cerebellar Neurostimulation for Boosting Social and Affective Functions: Implications for the Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxia Patients DOI Creative Commons
Andrea Ciricugno, Viola Oldrati, Zaira Cattaneo

et al.

The Cerebellum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 1651 - 1677

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Beyond motor deficits, spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients also suffer cognitive decline and show socio-affective difficulties, negatively impacting on their social functioning. The possibility to modulate cerebello-cerebral networks involved in cognition through cerebellar neurostimulation has opened up potential therapeutic applications for ameliorating affective difficulties. present review offers an overview of the research modulation functions both healthy individuals different clinical populations, published time period 2000-2022. A total 25 records reporting either transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or direct current (tDCS) studies were found. investigated populations comprised pathological conditions, including but not limited SCA syndromes. reviewed evidence supports that is effective improving abilities reducing symptoms neurological psychiatric associated with damage impairments involve cerebellum. These findings encourage further explore rehabilitative effects deficits experienced by abnormalities, as patients. Nevertheless, conclusions remain tentative at this stage due heterogeneity characterizing protocols, study methodologies patients' samples.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
How and where Effectively Apply Cerebellum Stimulation: The frequency-dependent Modulation of Cerebellar Output by Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation DOI Creative Commons
Vincenzo Romano, Mario Manto

The Cerebellum, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Preclinical insights into gamma-tACS: foundations for clinical translation in neurodegenerative diseases DOI Creative Commons
Guillermo Sánchez-Garrido Campos,

Ángela M. Zafra,

Marta Estévez-Rodríguez

et al.

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: March 12, 2025

Gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation (gamma-tACS) represents a novel neuromodulation technique with promising therapeutic applications across neurodegenerative diseases. This mini-review consolidates recent preclinical and clinical findings, examining the mechanisms by which gamma-tACS influences neural oscillations, enhances synaptic plasticity, modulates neuroimmune responses. Preclinical studies have demonstrated capacity of to synchronize neuronal firing, support long-term neuroplasticity, reduce markers neuroinflammation, suggesting its potential counteract processes. Early indicate that may improve cognitive functions network connectivity, underscoring ability restore disrupted oscillatory patterns central performance. Given intricate multifactorial nature gamma development tailored, optimized tACS protocols informed extensive animal research is crucial. Overall, presents avenue for advancing treatments resilience in range conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Effects of cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation on balance and gait in healthy subjects DOI Creative Commons
Valerio Sveva, Andrea Guerra, Massimiliano Mangone

et al.

Clinical Neurophysiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that modulates cortical oscillations and influences behavior. This study aimed to explore the effects of cerebellar theta (5 Hz) gamma (50 tACS on human balance gait through kinematic analysis. Nineteen right-handed healthy subjects participated in three randomized motor tasks: postural standing (PS), initiation (GI), cycle (GC). Participants underwent theta-, gamma-, or sham-tACS over cerebellum while data were collected using force platform an 8-camera optoelectronic system. Theta-tACS significantly influenced behavior during PS GC, but not GI. Specifically, it reduced Maximum Radius, Total Trace Length, Longitudinal Range, Area PS, decreased Stride Width GC. In contrast, gamma-tACS had no significant effect any parameters across tasks. Cerebellar theta-tACS may enhance stability control individuals. We hypothesize entrain theta-resonant neurons cortex, affecting networks involved gait. highlights tACS's potential as treatment for disorders associated with dysfunction.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
New Perspectives on Non-Invasive Cerebellar Stimulation for Social and Affective Functions in Children and Adolescents DOI Creative Commons
Ludovica Pasca, Romina Romaniello, Renato Borgatti

et al.

The Cerebellum, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(4)

Published: April 26, 2025

Cerebellar dysfunction affects socio-affective abilities beyond motor control. Recent studies suggest that non-invasive cerebellar neurostimulation can modulate social cognition networks, offering potential therapeutic benefits for children with autism, ADHD, and mood disorders. However, its application in pediatrics remains largely unexplored. This review summarizes emerging pediatric research on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) direct current (tDCS). We discuss their mechanisms, benefits, safety considerations, highlighting preliminary findings feasibility effectiveness. Ethical concerns technical challenges related to neuroanatomy parameters are also addressed. While early results promising, further clinical trials neurophysiological essential optimize protocols confirm long-term efficacy. Advancing our understanding of involvement functions could lead innovative rehabilitation strategies neurodevelopmental

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Neuronavigated Cerebellar 50 Hz tACS: Attenuation of Stimulation Effects by Motor Sequence Learning DOI Creative Commons
Rebecca Herzog, Christina Bolte, Jan‐Ole Radecke

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 2218 - 2218

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an emerging non-invasive technique that induces electric fields to modulate cerebellar function. Although the effect of cortical tACS seems be state-dependent, impact concurrent motor activation and duration on effects has not yet been examined. In our study, 20 healthy subjects received neuronavigated 50 Hz for 40 s or min, each during performance using a sequence learning task (MSL) at rest. We measured evoked potential (MEP) before two time points after application assess corticospinal excitability. Additionally, we investigated online MSL. Individual field simulations were computed evaluate distribution fields, showing focal in right hemisphere with highest intensities lobe VIIb, VIII IX. Corticospinal excitability was only increased applied min rest, cancelled this effect. addition, better (shorter reaction times) learned sequences tACS, indicating more pronounced under compared first s.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Optimizing the montage for cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS): a combined computational and experimental study DOI Creative Commons
Fatemeh Sadeghi, Jonas Misselhorn, Christian Gerloff

et al.

Journal of Neural Engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 026060 - 026060

Published: April 1, 2022

Abstract Objective . The application of cerebellar transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is limited by the absence commonly agreed montages and also presence unpleasant side effects. We aimed to find most effective tACS montage with minimum effects (skin sensations phosphenes). Approach first simulated five (return electrode on forehead, buccinator, jaw, neck positions, additionally focal high-definition ring electrodes) compare induced current, then stimulated healthy participants evaluated for different varying frequencies. Main results simulation revealed a descending order density in cerebellum from forehead respectively. Montages inducing higher intensity eyeballs during resulted stronger broader phosphenes sessions. Strong co-stimulation brainstem was observed neck. Skin did not differ between or propose jaw as an optimal choice maximizing while minimizing unwanted Significance These findings contribute adopting standard protocol. combination computational modelling experimental data offers improved control, safety, effectiveness, reproducibility all brain practices.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Cerebellar non-invasive stimulation of social and emotional mentalizing: A meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons
Frank Van Overwalle, Naem Haihambo, Qianying Ma

et al.

Imaging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 1 - 25

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The present meta-analysis investigated the impact of non-invasive stimulation, using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and magnetic (TMS) targeting posterior cerebellum, on social emotional mentalizing about others. Prior research has convincingly shown that cerebellum supports cognition. We identified 14 studies with appropriate control conditions (i.e., sham, site), which exclude general learning effects task or placebo effects. included 29 where before during a was applied healthy samples. results showed significant evidence sustained anodal tDCS TMS generally improved performance after in comparison sham conditions, small effect size. In contrast, cathodal mixed facilitatory inhibitory results. addition, short pulses, administered aim interfering ongoing processes, induced but consistent effect. Control tasks without components also improvement TMS, suggesting may improve other functions. This not case for did modulate non-social non-emotional tasks. Taken together, this shows cerebellar neurostimulation confirms causal role socio-emotional cognition, improving skills, may, therefore, have important clinical applications pathologies cognition is impaired.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Transcranial direct current stimulation for gait recovery following stroke: A systematic review of current literature and beyond DOI Creative Commons
Xavier Corominas-Teruel,

Rosa María San Segundo Mozo,

Montserrat Fibla Simó

et al.

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Background Over the last decade, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has set promise contributing to post-stroke gait rehabilitation. Even so, results are still inconsistent due low sample size, heterogeneity of samples, and tDCS design differences preventing comparability. Nonetheless, updated knowledge in neurophysiology technologies opens up opportunities massively improve treatments. Objective The systematic review aims summarize state-of-the-art on effects applied stroke subjects for rehabilitation, discuss strategies factoring individual subject profiles, highlight new promising strategies. Methods MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, CINAHL were searched randomized clinical trials using recovery before 7 February 2022. In order provide statistical support review, we analyzed achieved effect sizes performed comparisons. Results A total 24 records finally included our totaling n = 651 subjects. Detailed analyses revealed 4 (17%) studies with large (≥0.8), 6 (25%) medium ones (≥0.5), yielding (≤ 0.2). Statistically significant negative correlations (rho −0.65, p 0.04) ( 0.03) argued favor interventions sub-acute phase. Finally, a bifocal montage (anodal M1 ipsilesional cathodal contralesional) respect anodal M1. Conclusion Our highlights potential contribute following stroke, although also urgent need subject-customized considering severity, type or time-course, use network-based multifocal approaches guided by computational biophysical modeling. Systematic registration PROSPERO: CRD42021256347.

Language: Английский

Citations

7