Agriculture,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 182 - 182
Published: Jan. 25, 2024
This
study
was
conducted
to
investigate
the
drying
kinetics
and
internal
external
mass
transfer
characteristics
of
walnuts
for
an
understanding
mechanism.
The
characteristics,
color
walnut
during
hot
air
(HAD)
were
investigated
under
different
initial
moisture
content
(IMC)
(0.35,
0.39,
0.43
g
water/g
wet
mass)
temperatures
(50,
60,
70,
80
°C).
results
indicated
that
IMC
temperature
both
have
significant
effects
on
process
walnut,
showing
higher
IMC,
longer
preheating
time,
smaller
effective
diffusivity
(Deff)
coefficient
(hm),
but
reverse
temperature.
values
Deff
hm
ranged
from
4.94
×
10−10
1.44
10−9
m2/s
1.24
10−7
3.90
m/s,
respectively.
activation
energy
diffusion
21.56
23.35
kJ/mol
28.92
33.43
kJ/mol,
Multivariate
linear
prediction
models
also
established
estimating
as
a
function
HAD
parameters.
has
greater
effect
kernel
lightness
than
IMC.
Verma
et
al
model
could
be
used
describe
walnut.
findings
contribute
mechanisms
in
practical
value
evaluation
improvement
systems.
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
21(2), P. 1702 - 1731
Published: Feb. 17, 2022
Tree
nuts
are
important
economic
crops
and
consumed
as
healthy
snacks
worldwide.
In
recent
years,
the
increasing
needs
for
more
efficient
effective
postharvest
processing
technologies
have
been
driven
by
growing
production,
higher
quality
standards,
stricter
food
safety
requirements,
development
of
new
harvesting
methods,
demand
to
achieve
energy
saving
carbon
neutralization.
Among
all,
related
drying,
disinfection,
disinfestation
downstream
processes,
such
blanching,
kernel
peeling,
roasting,
most
processes
influencing
products.
These
make
up
largest
contribution
consumptions
environmental
impacts
stemming
from
tree
nut
production.
Although
many
studies
conducted
improve
efficiency
sustainability,
preserve
product
safety,
information
these
is
fragmented
a
centralized
review
highlighting
technology
advancements
would
benefit
industry.
this
comprehensive
review,
almonds,
walnuts,
pistachios
selected
representative
nuts.
Current
statuses,
advances,
ongoing
challenges
in
scientific
research
well
industrial
practices
summarized.
Some
perspectives
applications
waste
by-products
(such
hulls
shells)
also
discussed.
addition,
future
trends
highlighted.
The
material
presented
here
will
help
both
stakeholders
scientists
better
understand
provide
technological
recommendations
competitiveness
Foods,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(3), P. 624 - 624
Published: Feb. 1, 2023
Impurity
detection
is
an
important
link
in
the
chain
of
food
processing.
Taking
walnut
kernels
as
example,
it
difficult
to
accurately
detect
impurities
mixed
before
packaging
process.
In
order
identify
small
kernels,
this
paper
established
improved
model
based
on
original
YOLOv5
network
model.
Initially,
a
target
layer
was
added
neck
part,
improve
ability
for
impurities,
such
broken
shells.
Secondly,
Tansformer-Encoder
(Trans-E)
module
proposed
replace
some
convolution
blocks
network,
which
can
better
capture
global
information
image.
Then,
Convolutional
Block
Attention
Module
(CBAM)
sensitivity
channel
features,
make
easy
find
prediction
region
dense
objects.
Finally,
GhostNet
introduced
lighter
and
rate.
During
test
stage,
sample
photos
were
randomly
chosen
model's
efficacy
using
training
set,
derived
from
database
that
previously
created.
The
mean
average
precision
measure
multi-category
recognition
accuracy
results
demonstrate
(mAP)
reaches
88.9%,
6.7%
higher
than
also
other
networks.
Moreover,
significantly
identifying
rate
only
reduced
by
3.9%,
meets
demand
real-time
provides
technical
reference
food.
International Journal of Environmental & Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
104(8), P. 1719 - 1729
Published: Feb. 28, 2022
Heavy
metals
are
the
most
considerable
pollutants
of
marine
organisms
due
to
their
toxic
and
cumulative
properties.
The
heavy
metal
(lead:
Pb,
cadmium:
Cd,
mercury:
Hg,
tin:
Sn)
contents
were
examined
in
92
samples
canned
tuna
from
market
eight
Iranian
cities
using
atomic
absorption
spectrophotometry.
In
addition,
estimated
daily
intake
(EDI),
hazard
quotient
(HQ)
total
(THQ)
calculated.
None
tested
exceeded
Iran
National
Standards
Organization
(INSO)
Codex
limits
for
Cd
Sn.
amount
Pb
city
Qom
allowable
limit.
HQ
percentile
95%
Sn,
was
equal
0.0096,
0.185,
0.0099
0.0021,
respectively.
THQ
lower
than
one
all
suggesting
that
health
risk
associated
with
consumption
major
is
negligible.
Due
fact
some
samples,
especially
collected
a
particular
have
higher
level
standard
limits,
it
recommended
authorities
take
more
control
measures
maintain
public
health.
