Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(17), P. 9290 - 9290

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases by influencing inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress and aggregation pathological proteins. There is a search for new compounds that can prevent occurrence slow down their course. The aim this review to present AChE pathomechanism diseases. In addition, aims reveal benefits using inhibitors treat these selected were also assessed terms potential use described disease entities. Designing searching drugs targeting may future allow discovery therapies will be effective treatment

Language: Английский

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Neuroprotective Potentials of Flavonoids: Experimental Studies and Mechanisms of Action

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 280 - 280

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those related to aging, are on the rise, but drug therapies rarely curative. Functional disorders organic degeneration of nervous tissue often have complex causes, in which phenomena oxidative stress, inflammation cytotoxicity intertwined. For these reasons, search for natural substances that can slow down or counteract pathologies has increased rapidly over last two decades. In this paper, studies neuroprotective effects flavonoids (especially most widely used, hesperidin quercetin) animal models depression, neurotoxicity, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Parkinson’s reviewed. The literature topics amounts a few hundred publications vitro vivo (notably rodents) provides us with very detailed picture action mechanisms targets substances. These include decrease enzymes produce reactive oxygen ferroptosis, inhibition mono-amine oxidases, stimulation Nrf2/ARE system, induction brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and, case AD, prevention amyloid-beta aggregation. neuroinflammatory processes been documented as cytokine formation (mainly TNF-alpha IL-1beta) by microglia astrocytes, modulating number regulatory proteins such Nf-kB NLRP3/inflammasome. Although clinical trials humans still scarce, preclinical allow consider hesperidin, quercetin, other interesting safe dietary molecules be further investigated complementary treatments order prevent diseases moderate their deleterious effects.

Language: Английский

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Protective effects of polydatin amphiphilic chitosan nanocarriers against an aluminum chloride-induced model of Alzheimer’s disease in rats: relevance to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Language: Английский

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Behavioral and histological study on the neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone on the cerebellum in AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in rats through modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy

Journal of Molecular Histology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 56(2)

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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Tangerine, banana and pomegranate peels valorisation for sustainable environment: A review

Biotechnology Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29, P. e00574 - e00574

Published: Dec. 7, 2020

Over the last decade world has been generating a high quantity of tangerine peel waste (TPW), pomegranate (PPW) and banana (BPW). These peels have several economic benefits but there is mismanagement or inappropriate valorisation that could present risks to environment public health. In current review, we discussed use TPW, PPW BPW directly for animal feed, soil fertilization, specific compost production bio-adsorbent. We also these manufacturing value-added products including enzymes, essential oil other can be used in human food, medical cosmetic industry. Additionally, recent studies concerning by biorefinery bioethanol, biogas biohydrogen discussed. same context some about microorganisms isolated from medical, agronomic industrial interests

Language: Английский

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Inhibition of autophagy via activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to the protection of hesperidin against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury

International Journal of Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 30, 2018

Hesperidin has been reported to attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, its effect on autophagy during I/R and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The present study aimed investigate whether hesperidin inhibited I/R‑induced excessive through activating phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Male adult rats were pretreated with for a total 3 days prior ischemia in absence or presence LY294002, PI3K inhibitor, then subjected 30 min followed by reperfusion 4 h. Myocardial infarct size was measured Evans blue/triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Hematoxylin eosin staining used observing histological changes heart, serum levels creatine kinase‑MB (CK‑MB) cardiac troponin I (cTnI) enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, protein light chain (LC) 3Ⅱ, Beclin1, phosphorylated (p)‑mTOR, p‑Akt p‑PI3K determined western blot analysis. pretreatment significantly decreased size, damage CK‑MB cTnI. Furthermore, expression LC3Ⅱ Beclin1 downregulated p‑mTOR, markedly upregulated hesperidin. However, aforementioned effects as result reversed LY294002. These results demonstrated that reduced injury suppressing autophagy. Activation PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributed inhibitory

Language: Английский

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Natural products as a potential modulator of microglial polarization in neurodegenerative diseases

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 104253 - 104253

Published: May 3, 2019

Language: Английский

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Chenodeoxycholic Acid Ameliorates AlCl3-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Deterioration via Enhanced Insulin Signaling in Rats

Molecules, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 1992 - 1992

Published: May 24, 2019

Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and synthetic Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) ligands have shown promising outcomes in ameliorating insulin associated with various medical conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether CDCA treatment has any potential AD management through improving signaling. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups treated six consecutive weeks; control (vehicle), AD-model (AlCl3 50 mg/kg/day i.p) CDCA-treated group + 90 p.o from day 15). improved cognition as assessed by Morris Water Maze Y-maze tests preserved normal histological features. Moreover, lowered hippocampal beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42). Although no significant difference was observed level, reduced substrate-1 phosphorylation at serine-307 (pSer307-IRS1), while increased kinase B (Akt) activation, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARγ) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Additionally, activated cAMP response element-binding (CREB) enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic (BDNF). Ultimately, able improve sensitivity the hippocampi of AlCl3-treated rats, which highlights its management.

Language: Английский

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Neurotoxic effects of aluminium exposure as a potential risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease

Pharmacological Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 74(3), P. 439 - 450

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer’s Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 180 - 180

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, therapeutic approach still limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) established as an early driver several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In increased levels reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, inflammation. Thus, identification novel antioxidant molecules capable detecting, preventing, counteracting AD onset progression utmost importance. However, although studies have published, comprehensive up-to-date overviews principal anti-AD agents harboring properties remain scarce. this narrative review, we summarize role vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, carotenoids non-enzymatic antioxidants with diagnostic, preventative, potential, thereby offering insights into relationship between OS

Language: Английский

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