Vitamins as excipients in pharmaceutical products

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107020 - 107020

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Excipients are ingredients in pharmaceutical products other than the active ingredient, added to facilitate manufacturing, enhance stability or modulate release and bioavailability. Vitamins diverse molecules essential for human nutrition that also can fulfil excipient functions. This review focuses on vitamins used as excipients provides an overview of functions various formulations. A thorough search was conducted understand current use marketed drug products, concluding many already functional excipients. widely different dosage forms, including oral, parenteral, topical formulations, alongside a broad range ingredients, biologics, small from biopharmaceutical classification system classes. Many examples improve performance formulation which they included presented mode action product is reviewed. Furthermore, potential future uses highlighted. Lastly, considerations well regulatory framework discussed.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective study

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 10, 2025

Background The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has necessitated urgent characterization prognostic biomarkers. This study aimed to delineate the epidemiological clinical predictors mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods A retrospective cohort was conducted on 123 patients with laboratory-confirmed admitted Huoshenshan Hospital (Wuhan, China) from 1 February 2020 30 April 2020. Kaplan–Meier curve multivariate Cox regression were used assess independent factors survival time. Statistical significance set at a p -value <0.05. Results exhibited rate 49.6% (61/123), critical type (HR = 7.970, 0.009), leukocytosis 3.408, 0.006), lymphopenia 0.817, 0.038) emerging as reduced survival. Critical-type demonstrated significantly elevated inflammatory markers (neutrophils: 10.41 ± 6.23 × 10 9 /L; CRP: 104.47 29.18 mg/L) coagulopathy (D-dimer: 5.21 2.34 μg/ml) compared non-critical cases. Deceased pronounced metabolic derangements, including hyperglycemia (9.81 2.07 mmol/L) hepatic dysfunction (ALP: 174.03 30.13 U/L). Conclusion We revealed features different types summarized in this paper. found that type, leukocyte, lymphocyte are risk affect time, which could be an early helpful marker improve management

Language: Английский

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Hyperimmune Plasma and Immunoglobulins against COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Life, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 214 - 214

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Since late 2019, the new SARS-CoV-2 virus belonging to Coronaviridae family has been responsible for COVID-19 pandemic, a severe acute respiratory syndrome. Several antiviral therapies, mostly derived from previous epidemics, were initially repurposed fight this not rarely life-threatening illness. Among them, however, only specific antibody-based therapy available against infection during first year of pandemic was represented by convalescent plasma (CCP). CCP, collected recovered individuals, contains high levels polyclonal antibodies different subclasses able neutralize infection. Tens randomized controlled trials have conducted last three years evaluate safety and clinical efficacy CCP in both hospitalized ambulatory patients, whose main results will be summarized narrative review. In addition, we present current knowledge on development anti-SARS-CoV-2 hyperimmune immunoglobulins.

Language: Английский

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A Structural Comparison of Oral SARS-CoV-2 Drug Candidate Ibuzatrelvir Complexed with the Main Protease (M^pro) of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV

JACS Au, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 3217 - 3227

Published: July 30, 2024

Ibuzatrelvir (1) was recently disclosed and patented by Pfizer for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has received fast-track status from USA Food Drug Administration (FDA) entered phase III clinical trials as a possible replacement Paxlovid. Like nirmatrelvir (2) in Paxlovid, this orally active drug candidate is designed to target viral main proteases (M

Language: Английский

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COVID‐19 retreats and world recovers: A silver lining in the dark cloud

Health care science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(4), P. 264 - 285

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), which the World Health Organization classified as Sixth Public Emergency Of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020, is no longer a PHEIC. Millions were affected due to unawareness. increase in fatalities and shortage of medicine was first outrage COVID‐19. As per Johns Hopkins COVID‐19 resource center database, it observed that has spread dynamically across 200+ nations worldwide affecting more than 600 million people from 2019 2023, over thousands victimized regularly at 2% mortality rate (approx.). In midway, mutant variants concern like omicron, delta have also created havoc caused significant impact public health, global economy, lifestyle. Since 2019, 3 years now passed dynamic statistics seem decelerated; moreover, prevalence fading. stopped recording data pandemic recently March 10, 2023. Hence, based facts, we are presenting concise report includes brief discussion pandemic. We highlighted epidemiology, emphasizing Indian COVID scenario, vaccination globe, psychosocial geopolitical consequences with background pathology, clinical management, response against triage. A lot changed still needs change after three tough Even though science progressed advanced research pointing toward future generations, there standard care supplied for COVID‐19‐like calamities. cases might declined but its influence society stagnant. This experience taught us that, despite our bleak beginnings, always hope must act foresight improve things generations.

Language: Английский

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Impact of vaccination and non-pharmacological interventions on COVID-19: a review of simulation modeling studies in Asia

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Epidemiological modeling is widely used to offer insights into the COVID-19 pandemic situation in Asia. We reviewed published computational (mathematical/simulation) models conducted Asia that assessed impacts of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions against their implications for vaccination strategy.A search PubMed database peer-reviewed, published, accessible articles English was performed up November 2022 capture studies Asian populations based on outcomes pandemic. Extracted data included model type (mechanistic compartmental/agent-based, statistical, both), intervention (pharmacological, non-pharmacological), procedures parameterizing age. Findings are summarized with descriptive statistics discussed terms evolving situation.The literature identified 378 results, which 59 met criteria extraction. China, Japan, South Korea accounted approximately half studies, fewer from South-East Mechanistic were most common, either compartmental (61.0%), agent-based (1.7%), or combination (18.6%) models. Statistical applied less frequently (11.9%). Pharmacological examined 59.3% considered vaccination, except one study an antiviral treatment. Non-pharmacological also 84.7% studies. Infection, hospitalization, mortality 91.5%, 30.5%, 30.5% respectively. Approximately a third age, including 10 mortality. Four these emphasized benefits prioritizing older adults under conditions limited supply; however, noted potential infection rates early younger adults. Few (5.1%) impact among children.Early pandemic, helped mitigate health burden COVID-19; indicates high population coverage effective vaccines will complement reduce reliance such interventions. Thus, increasing maintaining immunity levels through regular booster shots, particularly at-risk vulnerable groups, adults, might help protect public health. Future efforts should consider new alternative therapies alongside virus varied histories.

Language: Английский

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Causes and Effects of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Pregnant Women and its Association with Adverse Maternal, Placental, and Perinatal Outcomes

The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97(1), P. 73 - 84

Published: March 29, 2024

Populations identified to be severely affected by COVID-19, such as pregnant patients, require special consideration in vaccine counseling, access, and provider education. Maternal infection with COVID-19 poses a significant risk the maternal-fetal dyad known adverse placenta destruction [1-5]. Despite widespread access availability of vaccinations, hesitancy continues persist is highly prevalent populations [6-9]. Addressing multitude social ecological factors surrounding can aid providing holistic counseling [10]. However, are foremost shaped maternal concern over possible fetal effects from vaccination. While changes policy help foster acceptance, increasing global education incorporation motivational interviewing skills first steps towards acceptance.

Language: Английский

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1-L Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein S1 Subunit

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 4440 - 4440

Published: April 18, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted rapid research on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. Consequently, new data can be used to advance the molecular understanding of infection. present bioinformatics study discusses "spikeopathy" at level and focuses possible post-transcriptional regulation spike protein S1 subunit in host cell/tissue. A theoretical protein-RNA recognition code was check compatibility with mRNAs human transcriptome (1-L transcription). principle for this method is elucidated defined RNA binding GEMIN5 (gem nuclear organelle-associated 5) RNU2-1 (U2 spliceosomal RNA). Using described here, it shown that 45% genes/proteins identified by 1-L transcription are directly linked COVID-19, 39% indirectly 16% cannot currently associated COVID-19. stroke, diabetes, cardiac injury.

Language: Английский

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Toxicology of Antifungal and Antiviral Drugs

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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A review of the scientific literature on experimental toxicity studies of COVID-19 vaccines, with special attention to publications in toxicology journals

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 3, 2024

Abstract Since the reports of first cases COVID-19, in less than 5 years, a huge number documents regarding that disease and coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for infection, have been published. The tremendous scientific covers many topics on different issues directly related to COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. articles—including reviews—reporting adverse/side effects approved COVID-19 vaccines is considerable. A wide range reported humans after vaccination: thrombotic events/thrombocytopenia, myocarditis/pericarditis, cutaneous reactions, immune-mediated effects, psychiatric adverse events, systemic lupus erythematosus, reproductive toxicity, other miscellaneous effects. In contrast, information nonclinical studies conducted assess potential toxicity/adverse laboratory animals, comparatively very scarce. present review was aimed at revising literature animals toxic/adverse vaccines. addition, investigations those specific toxicology journals with highest impact factors examined one by one. results indicate most nonclinical/experimental adverse/toxic and/or candidates showed—in general terms—a good safety profile. Only some animal were certain found. However, rather surprising result has limited available (in databases PubMed Scopus) performed companies largest manufacturers mRNA world. It assumed these conducted. they not published journals, which does allow judgment international community, including toxicologists.

Language: Английский

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