Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids to produce lipid mediators

Essays in Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 64(3), P. 401 - 421

Published: July 3, 2020

Abstract The chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology and molecular biology of oxylipins (defined as a family oxygenated natural products that are formed from unsaturated fatty acids by pathways involving at least one step dioxygen-dependent oxidation) complex occasionally contradictory subjects continue to develop an extraordinarily rapid rate. term includes docosanoids (e.g. protectins, resolvins maresins, or specialized pro-resolving mediators), eicosanoids octadecanoids plant oxylipins, which derived either the omega-6 (n-6) omega-3 (n-3) families polyunsaturated acids. For example, eicosanoid is used embrace those biologically active lipid mediators C20 acids, include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic related derivatives. key enzymes for production prostanoids prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases (cyclo-oxygenases), while lipoxygenases oxidases cytochrome P450 produce numerous other metabolites. In plants, lipoxygenase pathway C18 yields variety important products, especially jasmonates, have some comparable structural features functions. Related produced non-enzymic means (isoprostanes), acid esters hydroxy (FAHFA) now being considered together with functional perspective. all kingdoms life, usually act through specific receptors, short half-lives functions in innumerable biological contexts.

Language: Английский

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Producing Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Review of Sustainable Sources and Future Trends for the EPA and DHA Market

Resources, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 148 - 148

Published: Dec. 16, 2020

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFA) are recognized as being essential compounds for human nutrition and health. The body generates only low levels of PUFA. Conventional sources PUFA from marine origin. However, the global growth population combined with a better consumer understanding about healthy leads to fact that traditional exhausted therefore not enough satisfy demand diet well aquaculture. Microalgae cultivated under heterotrophic conditions is increasingly suitable technology production high cost using glucose main carbon source cultivation challenge establish economical feasible processes. latest relevant studies provide alternative pathways production. As preliminary results show, volatile (VFA) recovered waste stream could be good use in microalgae cultivation. purpose this paper highlight actual situation production, market request summary on sustainable investigated present future trends market.

Language: Английский

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Severe climate change risks to food security and nutrition

Climate Risk Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39, P. 100473 - 100473

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

This paper discusses severe risks to food security and nutrition that are linked ongoing projected climate change, particularly weather extremes in global warming, drought, flooding, precipitation. We specifically consider the impacts on populations vulnerable insecurity malnutrition due lower income, access nutritious food, or social discrimination. The defines climate-related "severe risk" context of nutrition, using a combination criteria, including magnitude likelihood adverse consequences, timing risk ability reduce risk. Severe change those which result, with high likelihood, pervasive persistent for millions people, have potential cascading effects beyond systems, against we limited prevent fully respond. uses internationally agreed definitions describe consequences. Moreover, assesses conditions under change-induced could become based findings literature different scenarios shared socioeconomic pathways. Finally, proposes adaptation options, institutional management governance actions, be taken now future human nutrition.

Language: Английский

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A global horizon scan of issues impacting marine and coastal biodiversity conservation

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(9), P. 1262 - 1270

Published: July 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Conversion to Lipid Mediators, Roles in Inflammatory Diseases and Dietary Sources

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 8838 - 8838

Published: May 16, 2023

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are important components of the diet mammals. Their role was first established when essential (EFAs) linoleic acid and α-linolenic were discovered nearly a century ago. However, most biochemical physiological actions PUFAs rely on their conversion to 20C or 22C subsequent metabolism lipid mediators. As generalisation, mediators formed from n-6 pro-inflammatory while those n-3 anti-inflammatory neutral. Apart classic eicosanoids docosanoids, many newly compounds described as Specialised Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) which have been proposed in resolving inflammatory conditions such infections preventing them becoming chronic. In addition, large group molecules, termed isoprostanes, can be generated by free radical reactions these too powerful properties towards inflammation. The ultimate source photosynthetic organisms contain Δ-12 Δ-15 desaturases, almost exclusively absent animals. Moreover, EFAs consumed plant food competition with each other for Thus, relative amounts important. Furthermore, mammals is rather poor. there has much interest recently use algae, make substantial quantities long-chain manipulating oil crops acids. This especially because fish oils, main human diets, limited. this review, metabolic into different described. Then, biological roles molecular mechanisms diseases outlined. Finally, natural sources (including 20 22 carbon compounds) detailed, well recent efforts increase production.

Language: Английский

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Promising Sources of Plant-Derived Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 1683 - 1683

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

(1) Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known for their ability to protect against numerous metabolic disorders. The consumption of oily fish is the main source PUFAs in human nutrition and commonly used supplement production. However, seafood an overexploited that cannot be guaranteed cover global demands. Furthermore, it not consumed by everyone ecological, economic, ethical, geographical taste reasons. growing demand natural dietary sources suggests current nutritional insufficient meet needs, less will be. Therefore, crucial find sustainable acceptable all, meeting world population’s needs. (2) Scope: This review aims evaluate recent evidence about alternative plant essential acids, focusing on long-chain omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs. (3) Method: A structured search was performed PubMed engine select available data from interventional studies using non-animal origin. (4) Results: Several promising have emerged literature, such as algae, microorganisms, plants rich stearidonic acid GM plants. costs, acceptance adequate formulation deserve further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Algae: Critical Sources of Very Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 708 - 708

Published: Nov. 6, 2019

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are divided into n-3 and n-6 classes, essential for good health in humans many animals. They metabolised to lipid mediators, such as eicosanoids, resolvins protectins. Increasing interest has been paid the 20 or 22 carbon very long chain PUFAs, since these compounds can be used form mediators and, thus, avoid inefficient formation of dietary plant PUFAs. The ultimate sources PUFAs algae, consumed by fish then humans. In this review, I describe biosynthesis algae how synthesis manipulated commercial purposes. Ultimately, production algal oils is critical ecosystems worldwide, well human lipids.

Language: Английский

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Winter in water: differential responses and the maintenance of biodiversity

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 922 - 938

Published: April 7, 2020

The ecological consequences of winter in freshwater systems are an understudied but rapidly emerging research area. Here, we argue that periods reduced temperature and light (and potentially oxygen resources) could play underappreciated role mediating the coexistence species. This may be especially true for temperate subarctic lakes, where seasonal changes thermal environment might fundamentally structure species interactions. With climate change already shortening ice-covered on polar consideration how conditions shape biotic interactions is urgently needed. Using fishes northern lakes as a case study, demonstrate physiological trait differences (e.g. preference, sensitivity) drive differential behavioural responses to among competing Specifically, some have higher capacity activity than others. Existing new theory presented such can promote coexistence. Importantly, if driver niche weaken competition between, relative within species, then shrinking threaten by tipping scales favour certain sets over

Language: Английский

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Microalgae as sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Biotechnological aspects

Algal Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 58, P. 102410 - 102410

Published: July 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Microbial production of polyunsaturated fatty acids — high-value ingredients for aquafeed, superfoods, and pharmaceuticals

Current Opinion in Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 199 - 211

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), primarily docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA), have received worldwide attention in recent years due to an increasing awareness of their uniqueness improving diet human health apparently inevitable shortage global availability. Microbial cell factories are a major solution supplying these precious molecules sufficient amounts providing PUFA-rich aquafeed, superfoods, medical formulations. This review assesses the PUFA world markets highlights advances upgrading streamlining microalgae, yeasts, fungi, bacteria for high-level production broadening spectrum.

Language: Английский

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