British Journal of Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
174(19), P. 3242 - 3256
Published: March 8, 2017
Learning
to
associate
cues
or
contexts
with
potential
threats
rewards
is
adaptive
and
enhances
survival.
Both
aversive
appetitive
memories
are
therefore
powerful
drivers
of
behaviour,
but
the
inappropriate
expression
conditioned
responding
fear‐
drug‐related
stimuli
can
develop
into
anxiety‐related
substance
abuse
disorders
respectively.
These
associated
abnormally
persistent
emotional
inadequate
treatment,
often
leading
symptom
relapse.
Studies
show
that
cannabidiol,
main
non‐psychotomimetic
phytocannabinoid
found
in
Cannabis
sativa
,
reduces
anxiety
via
5‐HT
1A
(indirect)
cannabinoid
receptor
activation
paradigms
assessing
innate
responses
threat.
There
also
accumulating
evidence
from
animal
studies
investigating
effects
cannabidiol
on
fear
memory
processing
indicating
it
learned
translationally
relevant
phobias
post‐traumatic
stress
disorder.
Cannabidiol
does
so
by
reducing
acutely
disrupting
reconsolidation
enhancing
extinction,
both
which
result
a
lasting
reduction
fear.
Recent
have
begun
elucidate
drug
using
translational
relevance
addiction.
The
findings
suggest
their
reconsolidation.
Here,
we
review
literature
demonstrating
anxiolytic
before
focusing
its
various
processes.
Understanding
how
regulates
emotion
may
eventually
lead
use
as
treatment
for
disorders.
Linked
Articles
This
article
part
themed
section
Pharmacology
Cognition:
Panacea
Neuropsychiatric
Disease?
To
view
other
articles
this
visit
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.19/issuetoc
Pain,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
160(1), P. 136 - 150
Published: Aug. 27, 2018
Abstract
Clinical
studies
indicate
that
cannabidiol
(CBD),
the
primary
nonaddictive
component
of
cannabis
interacts
with
serotonin
(5-HT)
1A
receptor,
may
possess
analgesic
and
anxiolytic
effects.
However,
its
effects
on
5-HT
neuronal
activity,
as
well
impact
models
neuropathic
pain
are
unknown.
First,
using
in
vivo
single-unit
extracellular
recordings
rats,
we
demonstrated
acute
intravenous
(i.v.)
increasing
doses
CBD
(0.1-1.0
mg/kg)
decreased
firing
rate
neurons
dorsal
raphe
nucleus,
which
was
prevented
by
administration
antagonist
WAY
100635
(0.3
mg/kg,
i.v.)
TRPV
1
capsazepine
(1
but
not
CB
receptor
AM
251
i.v.).
Repeated
treatment
(5
mg/kg/day,
subcutaneously
[s.c.],
for
7
days)
increased
through
desensitization
receptors.
Rats
subjected
to
spared
nerve
injury
model
24
days
showed
mechanical
allodynia,
anxiety-like
behavior
elevated
plus
maze
test,
open-field
novelty-suppressed
feeding
test.
Seven
reduced
behavior,
normalized
activity.
Antiallodynic
were
fully
(10
s.c.,
partially
(2
days),
whereas
effect
blocked
only
WAY.
Overall,
repeated
low-dose
induces
analgesia
predominantly
activation,
reduces
anxiety
rescues
impaired
neurotransmission
under
conditions.
Frontiers in Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Dec. 23, 2020
Anxiety
disorders
are
the
most
prevalent
psychiatric
and
a
leading
cause
of
disability.
While
there
continues
to
be
expansive
research
in
posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD),
depression
schizophrenia,
is
relative
dearth
novel
medications
under
investigation
for
anxiety
disorders.
This
review's
first
aim
summarize
current
pharmacological
treatments
(both
approved
off-label)
panic
(PD),
generalized
(GAD),
social
(SAD),
specific
phobias
(SP),
including
selective
serotonin
reuptake
inhibitors
(SSRIs),
norepinephrine
(SNRIs),
azapirones
(e.g.,
buspirone),
mixed
antidepressants
mirtazapine),
antipsychotics,
antihistamines
hydroxyzine),
alpha-
beta-adrenergic
propranolol,
clonidine),
GABAergic
(benzodiazepines,
pregabalin,
gabapentin).
Posttraumatic
obsessive-compulsive
excluded
from
this
review.
Second,
we
will
review
pharmacotherapeutic
agents
treatment
adults.
The
pathways
neurotransmitters
reviewed
include
serotonergic
agents,
glutamate
modulators,
medications,
neuropeptides,
neurosteroids,
cannabinoids,
natural
remedies.
outcome
reveals
lack
randomized
double-blind
placebo-
controlled
trials
few
studies
comparing
existing
anxiolytic
agents.
Although
some
recent
glutamatergic
(such
as
ketamine
d-cycloserine),
cannabinoids
(including
cannabidiol)
primarily
GAD
or
SAD,
these
have
largely
been
negative,
with
only
promise
kava
PH94B
(an
inhaled
neurosteroid).
Overall,
progression
future
psychopharmacology
suggests
that
needs
further
expansion
larger-scale
promising
positive
results
smaller
trials.
Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
58(7), P. 1139 - 1186
Published: July 1, 2018
Background
Comprehensive
literature
reviews
of
historical
perspectives
and
evidence
supporting
cannabis/cannabinoids
in
the
treatment
pain,
including
migraine
headache,
with
associated
neurobiological
mechanisms
pain
modulation
have
been
well
described.
Most
existing
reports
on
cannabinoids
Δ
9
‐tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
cannabidiol
(CBD),
or
cannabis
general.
There
are
many
strains
that
vary
widely
composition
cannabinoids,
terpenes,
flavonoids,
other
compounds.
These
components
work
synergistically
to
produce
wide
variations
benefits,
side
effects,
strain
characteristics.
Knowledge
individual
medicinal
properties
flavonoids
is
necessary
cross‐breed
obtain
optimal
standardized
synergistic
compositions.
This
will
enable
targeting
symptoms
and/or
diseases,
migraine,
pain.
Objective
Review
medical
for
use
facial
chronic
syndromes,
a
potential
role
combatting
opioid
epidemic.
involving
major
minor
primary
secondary
underlie
entourage
effects
cannabis.
Summarize
benefits
these
substances,
analgesic
anti‐inflammatory
properties.
Conclusion
accumulating
various
therapeutic
cannabis/cannabinoids,
especially
which
may
also
apply
headache.
assist
detoxification
weaning,
thus
making
it
weapon
battling
Cannabis
science
rapidly
evolving
sector
industry
increasingly
regulated
production
standards.
Further
research
anticipated
optimize
breeding
strain‐specific
ratios
phytochemicals
predictable
user
characteristics,
improved
symptom
disease‐targeted
therapies.
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
19(3), P. 309 - 316
Published: Sept. 30, 2017
Cannabis
(also
known
as
marijuana)
is
the
most
frequently
used
illicit
psychoactive
substance
in
world.
Though
it
was
long
considered
to
be
a
"soft"
drug,
studies
have
proven
harmful
psychiatric
and
addictive
effects
associated
with
its
use.
A
number
of
elements
are
responsible
for
increased
complications
cannabis
use,
including
increase
potency
an
evolution
ratio
between
two
primary
components,
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(Δ9-THC)
cannabidiol
(toward
higher
proportion
Δ9-THC),
Synthetic
cannabinoid
(SC)
use
has
rapidly
progressed
over
last
few
years,
primarily
among
frequent
users,
because
SCs
provide
similar
cannabis.
However,
their
composition
pharmacological
properties
make
them
dangerous
substances.
does
therapeutic
certain
indications.
These
applications
pertain
only
cannabinoids
synthetic
derivatives.
The
objective
this
article
summarize
current
developments
concerning
spread
SCs.
Future
must
further
explore
benefit-risk
profile
medical
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
10(11), P. 1575 - 1575
Published: Nov. 19, 2020
The
potential
therapeutic
use
of
some
Cannabis
sativa
plant
compounds
has
been
attracting
great
interest,
especially
for
managing
neuropsychiatric
disorders
due
to
the
relative
lack
efficacy
current
treatments.
Numerous
studies
have
carried
out
using
main
phytocannabinoids,
tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
and
cannabidiol
(CBD).
CBD
displays
an
interesting
pharmacological
profile
without
becoming
a
drug
abuse,
unlike
THC.
In
this
review,
we
focused
on
anxiolytic,
antidepressant,
antipsychotic
effects
found
in
animal
human
studies.
rodents,
results
suggest
that
depend
dose,
strain,
administration
time
course
(acute
vs.
chronic),
route
administration.
addition,
certain
key
targets
related
with
these
actions,
including
cannabinoid
receptors
(CB1r
CB2r),
5-HT1A
receptor
neurogenesis
factors.
Preliminary
clinical
trials
also
support
as
antipsychotic,
more
importantly,
positive
risk-benefit
profile.
These
promising
development
large-scale
further
evaluate
new
treatment
psychiatric
disorders.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(17), P. 9472 - 9472
Published: Aug. 31, 2021
The
Endocannabinoid
System
(ECS)
is
primarily
responsible
for
maintaining
homeostasis,
a
balance
in
internal
environment
(temperature,
mood,
and
immune
system)
energy
input
output
living,
biological
systems.
In
addition
to
regulating
physiological
processes,
the
ECS
directly
influences
anxiety,
feeding
behaviour/appetite,
emotional
behaviour,
depression,
nervous
functions,
neurogenesis,
neuroprotection,
reward,
cognition,
learning,
memory,
pain
sensation,
fertility,
pregnancy,
pre-and
post-natal
development.
also
involved
several
pathophysiological
diseases
such
as
cancer,
cardiovascular
diseases,
neurodegenerative
diseases.
recent
years,
genetic
pharmacological
manipulation
of
has
gained
significant
interest
medicine,
research,
drug
discovery
distribution
components
system
throughout
body,
physiological/pathophysiological
role
ECS-signalling
pathways
many
all
offer
promising
opportunities
development
novel
cannabinergic,
cannabimimetic,
cannabinoid-based
therapeutic
drugs
that
genetically
or
pharmacologically
modulate
via
inhibition
metabolic
and/or
agonism
antagonism
receptors
ECS.
This
modulation
results
differential
expression/activity
may
be
beneficial
treatment
number
manuscript
in-depth
review
will
investigate
potential
various
put
forth
suggestion
these
secondary
metabolites
