Food Frontiers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 17, 2024
ABSTRACT
The
study
of
nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
(NAD
+
)
biology
has
gained
popularity
recently.
Research
discovered
that
two
NAD
biosynthesis
intermediates,
riboside
(NR)
and
mononucleotide
(NMN),
are
biosynthetic
precursors
,
an
essential
chemical
for
metabolism.
Many
studies
show
levels
fall
considerably
with
aging,
regeneration
in
aging
animals
increasing
longevity
enhancing
health.
According
to
research
on
the
molecules,
NMN
NR,
supplementation
either
raises
during
aging.
objective
this
review
is
highlight
current
developments
relation
NR
or
supplement.
This
highlightings
significant
discoveries
about
biological
activities
health
benefits.
Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(7), P. 897 - 897
Published: June 22, 2023
Understanding
the
molecular
mechanisms
of
neurological
disorders
is
necessary
for
development
personalized
medicine.
When
diagnosis
considers
not
only
disease
symptoms,
but
also
their
basis,
treatments
tailored
to
individual
patients
may
be
suggested.
Vitamin-responsive
are
induced
by
deficiencies
in
vitamin-dependent
processes.
These
occur
due
genetic
impairments
proteins
whose
functions
involved
with
vitamins.
This
review
enzymes
encoded
DHTKD1,
PDK3
and
PDXK
genes,
mutations
observed
Charcot–Marie–Tooth
(CMT)
disease.
The
bind
or
produce
coenzyme
forms
vitamins
B1
(thiamine
diphosphate,
ThDP)
B6
(pyridoxal-5′-phosphate,
PLP).
Alleviation
such
through
administration
lacking
vitamin
its
derivative
calls
a
better
introduction
mechanistic
knowledge
medical
diagnostics
therapies.
Recent
data
on
lower
levels
B3
derivative,
NAD+,
blood
CMT
vs.
control
subjects
considered
view
NAD-dependent
pathological
axonal
degeneration,
suggesting
therapeutic
potential
these
patients.
Thus,
improved
underlying
causes
allow
vitamin-responsive
benefit
from
B1,
B3,
B6,
natural
derivatives,
pharmacological
forms.
Foods,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(15), P. 2897 - 2897
Published: July 29, 2023
β-Nicotinamide
mononucleotide
(NMN),
as
a
key
precursor
of
an
essential
coenzyme
nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
(NAD+),
is
most
recognized
for
its
pathological
treatment
effects
and
anti-aging
functions.
Here,
the
biosynthesis
NMN
from
inexpensive
feedstock
substrate
(Nam)
using
previously
isolated
Saccharomyces
boulardii-YS01
was
investigated.
Ultra-high
performance
liquid
chromatography
coupled
to
triple
quadrupole
tandem
mass
spectrometry
(UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS)
established
determination
targeted
analysis
NMN,
riboside
(NR),
nicotinic
acid
(NA),
Nam,
NAD+
in
YS01
cells.
Satisfactory
precision
accuracy
values
were
achieved
with
recoveries
above
70%
five
analytes.
A
5~100
times
higher
content
(0.24~103.40
mg/kg)
than
some
common
foods
(0.0~18.8
found.
Combined
genome
sequencing
enzyme
function
annotation,
target-acting
enzymes,
including
nudC,
ISN1,
URH1,
PNP,
SIR2,
identified,
biosynthetic
pathway
via
Nam
suggested.
The
initial
addition
3
g/L
culture
medium
effectively
promoted
generation
which
raised
by
39%.
This
work
supplements
alternative
resource
production
lays
theoretical
foundation
further
construction
transgenic
synthesis
hosts.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(24), P. 17198 - 17198
Published: Dec. 6, 2023
The
current
understanding
of
long
COVID
(LC)
is
still
limited.
This
review
highlights
key
findings
regarding
the
role
gut
microbiota,
mitochondria,
and
main
pathophysiological
aspects
LC
revealed
by
clinical
studies,
related
to
complex
interplay
between
infection,
intestinal
dysbiosis,
dysfunctional
systemic
inflammation
generated
in
a
vicious
circle,
reflecting
molecular
cellular
processes
from
"leaky
gut"
electron
transport
chain
(ETC)"
into
quantum
leap.
heterogeneity
has
hindered
progress
deciphering
all
mechanisms,
therefore,
approach
must
be
multidisciplinary,
with
special
focus
not
only
on
symptomatic
management
but
also
addressing
underlying
health
problems
patients.
It
imperative
further
assess
validate
effects
COVID-19
microbiome
their
relationship
infections
other
viral
agents
or
pathogens.
Further
studies
are
needed
better
understand
expand
interdisciplinary
points
view
that
required
accurately
diagnose
effectively
treat
this
heterogeneous
condition.
Given
ability
SARS-CoV-2
induce
autoimmunity
susceptible
patients,
they
should
monitored
for
symptoms
autoimmune
disease
after
contracting
infection.
One
question
remains
open,
namely,
whether
various
vaccines
developed
end
pandemic
will
autoimmunity.
Recent
data
highlighted
have
persistence
mitochondria
organs
such
as
heart
and,
lesser
extent,
kidneys,
liver,
lymph
nodes,
organism
been
able
clear
virus
lungs,
could
an
explanation
LC.
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(9), P. 897 - 912
Published: July 9, 2024
The
last
decade
has
witnessed
major
breakthroughs
in
identifying
novel
genetic
causes
of
hereditary
ataxias,
deepening
our
understanding
disease
mechanisms,
and
developing
therapies
for
these
debilitating
disorders.
