OBM Neurobiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
08(04), P. 1 - 28
Published: Nov. 20, 2024
The
gut
microbiota,
a
complex
ecosystem
of
billions
microorganisms
in
the
human
digestive
tract,
plays
crucial
role
maintaining
health.
Recent
studies
have
highlighted
bidirectional
communication
pathway
called
gut-brain
axis
between
and
brain.
This
is
significantly
influenced
by
microbiota
its
interactions
with
immune
system,
which
can
affect
brain
function
contribute
to
inflammation.
study
aims
provide
comprehensive
overview
relationship
neuroinflammation,
focusing
on
underlying
mechanisms
implications
for
neurological
disorders.
A
thorough
literature
review
was
conducted,
examining
impact
this
interaction,
potential
therapeutic
applications.
modulates
neuroinflammation
through
various
pathways,
including
producing
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs),
modulating
regulating
nervous
system.
Dysbiosis,
characterized
an
imbalance
composition,
has
been
associated
increased
risk
conditions.
Interventions
such
as
probiotics,
prebiotics,
fecal
transplantation
show
promise
treating
neuroinflammation.
Understanding
pivotal
essential
developing
novel
strategies
prevent
manage
diseases.
Further
research
needed
elucidate
involved,
identify
specific
profiles
different
disorders,
optimize
personalized
therapies
based
microbiome
modulation.
European Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
61(3)
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
ABSTRACT
This
Bayesian
network
meta‐analysis
method
was
used
to
assess
the
effect
of
novel
treatments
on
global
cognition
in
patients
with
Parkinson's
disease
(PD).
We
searched
randomized
controlled
trials
from
PubMed,
Cochrane
Library,
Web
Science
and
Embase
investigate
for
PD
until
April
10,
2024.
Effect
size
measures
were
standardized
mean
differences
95%
confidence
intervals.
included
13
studies
investigating
traditional
paper‐and‐pencil
cognitive
training,
modified
training
(MCT),
repetitive
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(rTMS),
rTMS
plus
MCT,
Mediterranean
diet,
speech
therapy,
direct
current
(tDCS)
tDCS
MCT.
Comparisons
between
control
group
revealed
following
findings:
diet
(1.25,
0.74–1.76),
MCT
(0.82,
0.13–1.52),
(0.42,
0.08–0.76)
(0.34,
0.03–0.66)
exhibited
statistically
significant
improvements
PD,
while
remaining
did
not
reveal
differences.
To
conclude,
rTMS,
MCTs
could
effectively
improve
PD.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(20), P. 3570 - 3570
Published: Oct. 21, 2024
Recent
research
highlights
the
growing
interest
in
impact
of
nutrition
on
cognitive
health
and
function
disease,
as
dietary
habits
are
increasingly
recognized
crucial
factors
relation
to
brain
function.
This
focus
is
especially
important
given
rising
prevalence
neurodegenerative
diseases
decline
associated
with
poor
choices.
Links
now
being
sought
between
microbiota
gut-brain
axis.
Mechanisms
proposed
that
include
low-grade
chronic
neuroinflammation,
influence
short-chain
fatty
acids,
or
disruption
glial
cells
transmitters
brain.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(5)
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD),
a
debilitating
neurodegenerative
disorder,
remains
one
of
the
foremost
public
health
challenges
affecting
more
than
30
million
people
worldwide
with
etiology
still
largely
enigmatic.
The
intricate
gut-brain
axis,
serving
as
vital
communication
network
between
gut
and
brain,
appears
to
wield
influence
in
progression
AD.
Our
study
showcases
remarkable
precision
x-ray
phase-contrast
tomography
(XPCT)
conducting
an
advanced
three-dimensional
examination
cellular
composition
structure.
exploitation
micro-
nano-XPCT
on
various
AD
mouse
models
unveiled
relevant
alterations
villi
crypts,
transformations
Paneth
goblet
cells,
along
detection
telocytes,
neurons,
erythrocytes,
mucus
secretion
by
cells
within
cavity.
observed
structural
variations
may
elucidate
transition
from
dysbiosis
neurodegeneration
cognitive
decline.
Leveraging
XPCT
could
prove
pivotal
early
prognosis
disease.
The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer s Disease,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 100078 - 100078
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Previous
studies
have
revealed
how
single
foods
or
nutrients
affect
dementia,
but
the
evidence
for
a
potential
link
between
dietary
diversity
and
dementia
is
inconsistent.
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
association
risk
of
incident
dementia.
prospective
included
104,572
white
participants
without
at
baseline
recruited
2006
2010
from
UK
Biobank.
Dietary
Diversity
Score
(DDS)
was
acquired
through
Oxford
WebQ's
24-hour
recall
survey
spanning
2009
2012.
Cox
proportional
hazards
models
were
used
estimate
associations
DDS,
scores
food
groups
Stratified
analyses
subsequently
conducted
assess
variations
across
different
demographic,
socioeconomic,
genetic
groups.
Over
median
follow-up
period
10.44
years,
725
developed
A
higher
DDS
associated
with
lower
(HR:
0.95;
95
%
CI:
0.93-0.97).
statistical
significance
in
this
individuals
under
65
years
old
0.92-0.98),
those
polygenic
(PRS;
HR:
0.92;
0.89-0.95).
Among
five
groups,
score
meat
protein
alternatives
0.86-0.99).
Enhancing
reduces
risk,
potentially
influenced
by
predisposition.
Consuming
diverse
range
may
be
an
effective
strategy
against
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 502 - 502
Published: March 30, 2025
Depression
is
a
multifactorial
psychiatric
condition
with
complex
pathophysiology,
increasingly
linked
to
neuroinflammatory
processes.
The
present
review
explores
the
role
of
neuroinflammation
in
depression,
focusing
on
glial
cell
activation,
cytokine
signaling,
blood-brain
barrier
dysfunction,
and
disruptions
neurotransmitter
systems.
article
highlights
how
inflammatory
mediators
influence
brain
regions
implicated
mood
regulation,
such
as
hippocampus,
amygdala,
prefrontal
cortex.
further
discusses
involvement
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA)
axis,
oxidative
stress,
kynurenine
pathway,
providing
mechanistic
insights
into
chronic
inflammation
may
underlie
emotional
cognitive
symptoms
depression.
bidirectional
relationship
between
depressive
emphasized,
along
peripheral
immune
responses
systemic
stress.
By
integrating
molecular,
cellular,
neuroendocrine
perspectives,
this
supports
growing
field
immunopsychiatry
lays
foundation
for
novel
diagnostic
biomarkers
anti-inflammatory
treatment
approaches
Further
research
holds
promise
developing
more
effective
personalized
interventions
individuals
suffering
from
New discovery.,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 7
Published: April 29, 2025
Depression
is
a
severe
and
recurrent
neuropsychiatric
disease
with
high
prevalence,
disability,
mortality,
which
imposes
heavy
burden
on
national
public
health
the
economy.
Traditional
antidepressants
demonstrate
delayed
effects,
low
cure
rates,
inadequate
therapeutic
effectiveness
for
managing
treatment-resistant
depression.
Numerous
studies
have
proved
that
esketamine,
non-competitive
N-methyl-D-aspartate
receptor
antagonist,
can
produce
rapid
sustained
antidepressant
effect,
was
approved
by
FDA
EMA
in
2019
2020,
respectively.
However,
pharmacological
mechanism
underlying
effects
of
esketamine
remains
inadequately
understood.
Previous
shown
gut
microbiota
plays
significant
role
central
nervous
system
regulation
such
as
emotional
behavior
cognitive
function.
Moreover,
fecal
transplantation
alleviate
depression
regulating
disorder
microbiota.
Notably,
exhibited
effect
against
modulating
its
metabolites.
Therefore,
this
review
summarized
current
research
progress
functional
treatment
depression,
well
discussed
esketamine’s
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Sept. 17, 2024
Background
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
characterized
by
progressive
decline
in
cognitive
function,
which
significantly
increases
pain
and
social
burden.
However,
few
therapeutic
interventions
are
effective
preventing
or
mitigating
the
progression
of
AD.
An
increasing
number
recent
studies
support
hypothesis
that
gut
microbiome
its
metabolites
may
be
associated
with
upstream
regulators
AD
pathology.
Methods
In
this
review,
we
comprehensively
explore
potential
mechanisms
currently
available
targeting
for
improvement
Our
discussion
structured
around
modern
research
advancements
AD,
bidirectional
communication
between
brain,
multi-target
regulatory
effects
microbial
on
strategies
aimed
at
modulating
microbiota
to
manage
Results
The
plays
crucial
role
pathogenesis
through
continuous
via
microbiota-gut-brain
axis.
Among
these,
such
as
lipids,
amino
acids,
bile
acids
neurotransmitters,
especially
sphingolipids
phospholipids,
serve
central
components
gut-brain
axis,
regulating
AD-related
pathogenic
including
β-amyloid
metabolism,
Tau
protein
phosphorylation,
neuroinflammation.
Additionally,
probiotic
administration,
fecal
transplantation,
antibiotic
use
have
also
provided
evidence
supporting
association
At
same
time,
propose
an
innovative
strategy
treating
AD:
healthy
lifestyle
combined
targeted
probiotics
other
interventions,
aiming
restore
intestinal
ecology
balance.
Conclusion
Despite
previous
efforts,
molecular
microbes
act
yet
fully
described.
microorganisms
become
essential
target
connecting
axis
improving
symptoms
it
requires
joint
exploration
multiple
centers
disciplines.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(22), P. 12125 - 12125
Published: Nov. 12, 2024
The
gut–brain
axis
(GBA)
plays
a
pivotal
role
in
human
health
and
wellness
by
orchestrating
complex
bidirectional
regulation
influencing
numerous
critical
processes
within
the
body.
Over
past
decade,
research
has
increasingly
focused
on
GBA
context
of
inflammatory
bowel
disease
(IBD).
Beyond
its
well-documented
effects
GBA–enteric
nervous
system
vagus
nerve
dysregulation,
gut
microbiota
misbalance—IBD
also
leads
to
impairments
metabolic
cellular
functions:
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
cationic
transport,
cytoskeleton
dysregulation.
These
systemic
are
currently
underexplored
relation
GBA;
however,
they
crucial
for
cells’
functioning.
This
review
summarizes
studies
particular
mechanisms
IBD.
Understanding
involvement
these
may
help
find
new
therapeutic
targets
develop
approaches
improve
quality
life
IBD
patients.
